• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.283-309
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• 2001

Acer pictum complex (A. pictum Thunb. ex Murray with varieties, A. okamotoanum Nakai, A. truncatum Bunge) in eastern Asia causes frequent difficulty in identification. One hundred twenty five specimens from A. pictum complex of China, Korea and Japan and A. cappadocicum var. sinicum of China were compared to investigate patterns of intra- and interspecific variation and to evaluate a recognition of several species as well as many varieties using 22 characters for morphometric analysis. The first three PCA accounted for 59% of the total variance. No strong discontinuities existed among taxa with respect to fruit and leaf characters. Much overlap among all taxa occurred the central region of the scatter diagram. Many characters appeared to show some clinal variation with changes from east of China to Japan through Korea. This was true not only when all species as considered as a single taxon, but when characters of individual taxa were compared with geography. As one considers a path from the western part of the ranges to areas to the east, the leaves become larger in most respects and become increasingly many lobed (five to seven or nine). In general, there was a tendency toward larger nutlet with smaller wing in the area toward northeast of China (=A. truncatum), while in the east of ranges (Island Ullung-do), plants were larger with respect to characters of fruit and leaves (=A. okamotoanum). The morphological differentiation between A. okamotoanum and Japanese and Korean individuals of A. pictum was not considered sufficient to warrant recognition of either specific or varietal status and should be treated as con specific under A. pictum var. mono. Since the lectotype of Acer pictum had minute hairs uniformly on the under surface of leaves(A. pictum var. pictum), the glabrous type of A. pictum was called A. pictum var. mono as Ohahsi suggested. The univaraite analysis (the mean and maximum/minium of nutlet size and wing/nutlet length ratio) indicated geographical differentiation of northeastern populations, A. truncatum, was distinctive, but Korean individuals of A. truncatum showed an affinity between Chinese individuals of A. truncatum and Korean individuals of A. Pictum var. mono. The current results, together with qualitative character, trunk features, justify subspecific status for this taxon. The previous varieties of A. mono in Korea were indistinguishable from typical form of A. Pictum var. mono on the basis of the wing angle and nutlet size, rejecting continued recognition of these taxa as distinctive varieties. Therefore, it is recommended that only one polymorphic species of A. pictum be recognized in addition to three varieties.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.433-438
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• 2003

To select new useful domestic plants with antimicrobial activities, thirty five samples of berry plant were distributed from Plant Diversity Research Center in Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology. Their extracts with methanol were tested against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes by paper disc method. The methanol extracts from Viburnum dilatatum, Viburnum erosum, Aralia continentalis, Camellia japonica, Acer trumcatam, Arasaema takesimense and Rhysocarpus intermedius were effective against S. aureus and the results were as follows: Viburnum erosum 6.5 mm, Viburnum dilatatum and Aralia continentalis 7.0 mm, Rhysocarpus intermedius 8.0 mm, Acer trumcatum 9.0 mm, Camellia japonica and Arisaema takesimense 9.5 mm. And only the methanol extract from Camellia japonica was effective against L. monocytogenes, 7.0 mm. Antimicrobial activities of E. coli and S. typhymurium were not detected. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of berry of Camellia japonica was examined as 1,250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against S. aureus and as 1,250∼2,500 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL against L. monocytogenes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1984

Taxonomical studies of the genus Acer in Korea (8 species, 3 varieties and 1 forma) were studied by the morphological characteristics of stipules. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1) The stipules of the genus Acer were arranged oppositely with 4 - 10 stipules consisting of simple leaf, compound leaf and unifoliate compound leaf. The venation of stipules were cladodromous, basal reticulate, fibrous and palmately netted vein. The trichoma of stipules were glandula hair, glandular pubescent, sericeous, pilous, vinous, velutinous, tomentose, ciliate and lanate. As the morphological characteristics of stipules in the genus Acer established a strong point in the identification of species. 2) The species in the genus Acer in Korea were classified into six groups; (1) ginnala group (A. ginnala), (2) koreanum group (A. koreanum, A. japonicum, A. pseudosieboldianum var. koreanum), (3) mono group (A. mono, A, palmatum var. sanguineum, A. palamtum var. dissectum, A. palmatum var. dissectum f. aosidare), (4) negundo group (A. negundo), (5) palmatum group (A. palmatum), (6) platanoides group (A. platanoides, A. truncatum) by the morphological characteristics of stipules, 3) The stipules of platanoides group and negundo group were the least evolved types among the species in the genus Acer. 4) The stipules in the genus Acer were made the inner buds that were metamorphosed to the protected functional aspect by the evolution of petiols.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.73 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 1986

This study was done to classify 15 species in the genus Acer through tracking of the changing shape of the vascular branch from the base part to the terminal part of petiole by the anatomical method. The basic vascular branches were 3 ea, except A. mandshuricum 3-4 ea. The vascular bundle was separated, moved and connected from the base part to the terminal part of petiol, the number of separated vascular branch was 11-32 ea., the number of connected vascular branch was 0-17 ea., and the ratio of the separated vascular branch to the connected was 0.00-8.00. The maximum number of vascular branch in No, 39 of cross section part was observed in 12 species; A. ginnala and A. buergerianum were No. 11, A. truncatum and A. platanoides were No. 13, A. saccharium was No. 26. The number of the connected vascular branches with the main vascular branch were 0-6, while the number of the separated vascular branch were 0-7. On the ratio of separation to connection of the base vascular branch; "A", "B" and "C", the symmetrical shapes on the basis of "B" were A>BC, AB>C shape. The classical groups by the development of main vascular branch formation were obtained 7 groups of "a" through "g" shape. Especially, A. negundo and A. saccharinum were shown to have central vascular branches with unique changing patterns.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.2
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• pp.223-232
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• 1997

One hundred Sixty two quadrats were sampled from natural forests, in Kangwon-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. On the basis of Mueller-Dombois & Ellenberg method, field survey, which accounts for the characters of the species structure of Pinus densiflora community and Quercus mongolica community, was carried out between 1991 and 1994. To analyze the data, CCA ordination and D.B.H, analysis were used. 1. DBH analysis showed that Pinus densiflora community is likely replacing Quercus mongolica or Quercus variabilis community. DBH analysis also showed that Quercus mongolica - Lindera obtusiloba community balances among the Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, and Tilia amurensid in the canopy, and that Quercus mongolica-Abies nephrolepis community, mixed forest balances among the Quercus mongolica, Pinus koraiensis, and Abies nephrolepis in the canopy. In general, Quercus mongolica seems to remain as a dominant species. 2. A certain correlation seems to exist between nutrients types and Pinus densiflora community. Quercus mongolica prefered to grow in the medium elevation area that has medium level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora, Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis were found in the low elevation area that has low level of total nitrogen, organic matter, and C.E.C. 3. There seemed to be a certain correlation between nutrients types and Quercus mongolica community. Quercus mongolica and Acer pseudosieboldianum was distributed in the slope area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Abies nephrolepis, Taxus cuspidata and Pinus koraiensis in the high elevation and ridge area that has low level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Carpinus laxiflora and Abies holophylla were found in the medium elevation area that has medium level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C., while Kalopanax pious, Carpinus cordata and Acer truncatum in the moderately moist and valley area that has high level of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, and C.E.C. Pinus densiflora and Fraxinus rhynchophylla seemed to prefer the slightly dry, low elevation and ridge area.