• 무역학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2022

It has great significance to estimate CIF-FOB margins of international trade. It certainly helps develop statistics on transport costs of international trade and provides basic data for econometric analysis of transport costs. It also contributes much to our standing the correlation between the margins and trade partners' geographical distance as well as one between the margins and trading products. However, the quality issue of international trade statistics renders it very difficult to derive trustworthy CIF-FOB margin estimates. Utilizing various analytical approaches, this study intended to acquire credible estimates of CIF-FOB margins for Korea's total imports and for country/product specific imports data. Major findings are as follows. First, the average of CIF-FOB margins of Korea's total imports is 7.3% and is generally declining. Second, country level analysis provides credible estimates for CIF-FOB margins of Korea's imports from four partners (Japan, the US, Australia, and Brazil). The differences in margins among these four countries are caused by geographical distance and characteristics of traded products. Third, product level analysis reveals that the margins of gold and passenger vehicles are fairly low while those of primary products tend to be high.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

In this paper, medical books on measles written in the late Joseon dynasty were analyzed to examine Chosonization of recuperation and contraindications of Measles in the Late Joseon Dynasty. It was approached in terms of utilization of Chinese medicine knowledge and utilization of clinical experience in Joseon. Through this study, the following facts were newly discovered. 1) Alcohol was taboo according to Chinese doctors, but in Joseon it was considered good if used properly. 2) Beef was recommended by Chinese medical doctors, but it was taboo in Joseon. 3) Dried fish was a food specially recommended in Joseon literature. 4) Except for diet, the contents of the treatment follow the Chinese literature as it is, or there is no content. In conclusion, Korean medical doctors simply followed Chinese medicine knowledge at the beginning of the 18th century, but in the mid to late 18th century, according to the accumulation of clinical experience in Joseon, they had unique characteristics associated with medicine during the Joseon era.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.401-418
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• 1995

Aging process can be explained by many factors. In this study, we counted complete Blood Cells (CBC) such as WBC, Lymphocytes, Monocytes, Granulocytes, RBC, HGB, and HCT of both SAM P6 and SAM P1 during the aging process. Plasma albumin, glucose, alkaline phosphatase, calcium, creatinine, inorganic phosphate, urea concentrations were also measured at the same time. In addition to these, plasma concentrations of cortisol, total T3, and total T4 were analyzed by Chemiluminescent Immunoassay. There were no change in CBC counts of SAM R1 and SAM P6 during this study. Plasma concentratins of albumin and glucose decreased significantly in SAM R1. However, plasma alkaline phosphatases and creatinine concentration in SAM P6 decreased significantly at 16 week after birth comparing to the control. Total T4 levels were siginificantly increased although cortisol and total T3 concentrations were the same in SAM R1 groups. Especially, the after birth of creatinine, alkaline phosphatase, T4 of SAM P6 at 16 week were significantly different form those of SAM R1. At 12 week after birth, pilose antler extract was given 5g/kg/day p.o. for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 30 days each in both SAM R1 and SAM P6. The RBC, HGB, and HCT levels started to increase significantly from 7 days after the dose at SAM P6 only. Total T4 conectrations were elevated gradually during the study although the antler extract administration did not prevent or inhibit the increase in total T4 concentration during the study. Therefore, the elevation of erythrocytes after administration of the extract needs to be studied in future.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 2006

The result is the followings after investigating composition, dosage and usage of Sagunjatang(四君子湯), Samultang(四物湯), Palmultang(八物湯), Sipjeondaebotang(十全大補湯) in literature by country and Era 1. Sagunjatang has become equal to Panax ginseng(人蔘), Atractylodes japonica(白朮), Poria cocos(복령) each for 2 Jeon(錢), Glycyrrhiza uralensis(甘草) 1 jeon since the Ming Dynasty in China and it is standardized by Panax ginseng, Atractylodes japonica, Poria cocos and Glycyrrhiza uralensis each for 1 Jeon 2 Pun(分) 5 Ri(里) since Dongeuibogam in Korea. 2. Samultang has become equal to Angelica gigas(當歸) and Rehmannia glutinosa(地黃) each three Jeon, Cnidium officinale(川芎) is 1 Jeon 2 Pun or 1 jeon and Paeonia lactiflora(芎藥) 2 Jeon since the Ming Dynasty in China and it is standardized by Angelica gigas, Cnidium officinale, Paeonia lactiflora and Rehmannia glutinosa each for 1 Jeon 2 Pun 5 Ri since Dongeuibogam in Korea. 3. In the case of Palmultang, compositional usage of medicine was different in the Ming Dynastry and the Ching(靑) Dynastry in China. Total dosage was increased and ratio of Angelica gigas and Rehmannia glutinosa was increased comparatively in the Ching Dynasty. All prescription of medicine was consisted of 1 Jeon 2 Pun and specific dosage was presented except Euirimchwalyo(醫林撮要) that dosage was not recorded in Korea. 4. Sipjeondaebotang tended to increase total dosage in the latter part in China. Dosage was mostly used 1 Jeon thus Dongeuibogam but Bangyakhap(方藥合編) used 1 Jeon 5 Pun differentially.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.854-862
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• 1993

CMOS아날로그 및 아날로그 디지탈시스템은 여러 개의 기본회로로 구성되어지며 그중에서도 증폭회로 부분은 시스템의 성능을 결정할 수도 있는 중요한 블럭중에 하나이다. 증폭회로는 시스템에서 사용되어지는 용도에 따라서 여러가지 구조(고이득, 저전력, 고속회로등)를 가지며 이러한 증폭회로를 설계하기 위하여 증폭기내의 입력증폭단의 설계 방법도 다양하다. 본 논문에서는 CMOS 상보형 차동이득 구조를 갖는 새로운 형태의 입력 차동증폭 회로를 제안하였다. 제안된 회로는 CMOS 상보형 회로에 의하여 고이득 특성을 가지며, 바이어스 전류를 내부적으로 공급하여 전체 시스템 구성시, 바이어스회로를 구성하기 위한 트랜지스터의 수를 줄일 수 있다. 이 회로를 표준 $1.5{\mu}m$ 공정파라메타를 이용한 SPICE 시뮬레이션을 통하여 광범위하게 이용되고 있는 CMOS 차동증폭 회로와 비교해 본 결과, 오프셋, 위상마진등의 특성이 그대로 유지된 상태에서 이득이 배가 되었다. 또한 제안된 회로를 이용하여 높은 출력스윙(-4.5V-+4.5V)과 함께 7nsec(CL-1pF) 이하의 세틀링시간을 갖을 수 있는 CMOS비교기를 설계하였다.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.396-405
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• 2009

본 논문은 이동 가능한 다목적실용위성의 소형 관제국 개발을 위한 playback 신호의 하향 링크 및 원격 명령 신호의 상향 링크에 대해 수행한 채널 설계를 기술한다. 하향 링크 패널 설계로서 playback 신호의 수신 임계 신호 대 잡음비로부터 요구 수신 성능을 도출하여 1.5 m 안테나 기반의 하향 링크 수신 성능인 6.5 dB/K의 G/T 이내에서 만족함을 확인하였다. 상향 링크 채널 설계를 통하여 원격 명령 신호에 대한 위성에서의 수신 신호대 잡음비로부터 40 dBW의 송신 EIRP를 유도하였다. 구축된 소형 관제국을 이용하여 다목적실용위성 및 다목적실용위성 2호에 대해 양 방향 통신시험 및 운영 결과, 고각 $10^{\circ}$ 이상에서 상향 링크 및 playback 신호의 하향링크 채널의 요구 성능이 일관성 있게 만족함을 확인하였고, 장기간에 걸친 시험 결과로부터 시스템의 성능 열화가 거의 없음을 확인함으로써 설계상으로 추가적인 3 dB 링크 마진을 고려하지 않은 소형 관제국의 채널 설계가 다목적실용위성에 대해 적절하였음을 검증하였다.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2013

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the acute toxicity of Pyungwi-san(Pingwei-san in Chinese) in ICR mice, according to KFDA and OECD guideline. Methods: In the present study, 15 male and female ICR mice administrated singly by gavage at dose levels of 0 and 2000 mg/kg of Pyungwi-san. During the experimental period, no treatment-related death was observed. There were no adverse effects on clinical signs, body weight, and gross findings at all treatment groups. Results: These results showed that the single oral adminstration of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) did not cause any toxic effect at the dose levels of 2000 mg/kg in rats. Conclusions: Taken together, the median lethal dose($LD_{50}$) of Pyungwi-san (Pingwei-san) was considered to be over 2000 mg/kg body for both sexes.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2014

전력계통운영의 목표는 전력시스템의 안정성과 신뢰성을 유지하여 원활한 전력을 공급하는 것이다. 안정적인 전력 공급을 위하여 무효전력과 모선 전압에 대한 고려를 해야 하는데, 모선의 전압을 일정 범위 이내로 유지하기 위하여 커패시터 뱅크를 비롯한 다양한 방안이 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 계통 안정도와 전력공급 신뢰도를 상시키기 위한 하이브리드 타입의 커패시터 뱅크 설계 과정에 대하여 기술하였다. 설계 과정에는 커패시터 뱅크의 용량 산정, 리액터 타입 결정 및 리액터 용량 산정과정이 포함된다. 기존의 커패시터 뱅크의 설계과정과 같이 정상상태 Q-V 해석이나 상정사고 분석과 같은 방법을 통하여 무효전력 마진을 계산하여 저전압이 발생하는 모선에 무효전력 보상량을 산정한다. 그리고 고조파 실측을 통해 산출된 개별 고조파의 성분 크기를 기반으로 직렬 리액터의 크기를 산정하는 방식으로 설계과정을 제안하였다. 논문에서는 제안된 방법을 통하여 고조파의 크기가 감소함을 증명하였으며, 특히 5차와 7차 고조파의 저감에 효율적임을 보여주었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.487-496
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of Soshiho-tang (SSH) in mouse primary liver cells against hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$)-induced oxidative stress. We also elucidated the molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective effect by SSH. Methods : Cell viability, level of ALT, AST and LDH, intracellular ROS level, mRNA expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes were used to evaluate hepatoprotection of SSH against $H_2O_2$. Target gene expressions were analyzed by real-time PCR. Results : Pre-treatment with SSH for 1 hour prevented cytotoxicity against $H_2O_2$. $H_2O_2$-induced ROS level decreased under SSH pre-treatment. mRNA expression of GPx and SOD increased in SSH-treated cells. In addition, HSP72 and HSP40 gene expression were elevated under SSH-treatment. Conclusions : These results indicate that SSH protects mouse primary liver cells from $H_2O_2$-induced oxidative injury. This hepatoprotective activity of SSH is mediated by decreasing intracellular ROS and increasing antioxidant enzyme expression (GPx and SOD) and stress response protein (HSP72 and HSP40).

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2012년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.722-725
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 프로그램 된 eFuse 링크의 센싱 저항이 작으면서 기준 전압없이 BL 데이터를 센싱가능한 differential paired eFuse 셀을 사용하여 BCD 공정 기반의 8비트 eFuse OTP를 설계하였다. Differential eFuse OTP 셀의 프로그램 트랜지스터의 채널 폭은 $45{\mu}m$과 $120{\mu}m$으로 split하였다. 그리고 프로그램된 eFuse 저항의 변동을 고려한 variable pull-up load를 갖는 센싱 마진 테스터(sensing margin test) 회로를 구현하였다. $0.35{\mu}m$ BCD 공정을 이용하여 제작된 8bit eFuse OTP IP를 측정한 결과 프로그램 트랜지스터의 채널 폭이 $120{\mu}m$인 OTP IP의 수율이 $45{\mu}m$인 OTP IP보다 양호한 것으로 나타났다.