• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.527-538
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• 2009

A village grove is the one fostered and protected for a district's traditional life near the vicinity of a ruderal village. This research is done to grasp potential natural vegetation, to use a basis data needed for its management and preservation as well as restoration project by examining the vegetation and flora targeting a village grove of the southern district of Gyeonggi-do which has been seriously damaged subsequent to a rapidly progressing city development. According to the survey, there appeared an outgrowth flora of Pteridophyta consisting of 69 families, 136 genera, 20 varieties, 3 forms, 170 species-totalling to 193 taxa. Urbanization index was revealed to 4.55% and naturalization rate 6.74%. In life-cycle pattern, perennials were found to show the highest distribution rate; in infiltration-multiplication strategies, human wave tactics type was found to be the highest 51%, consisting of 98 species, and naturalization rate also was revealed to be 6.74%. The vegetation unit was divided into a total of 11 patterns, such as a community of Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Pinus rigida community, Pinus densiflora-Castanea crenata community, Pinus rigida community, Pinus rigida-Castanea crenata community, Pinus rigida-Quercus acutissima community, Castanea crenata community, Castanea crenata-Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus acutissima-Robinia pseudo-acacia community and Robinia pseudo-acacia community. Quercus acutissima community is of a community type dominated by Quercus acutissima, in place of Pinus densiflora community selected by natural succession.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.9 no.4 s.21
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on identifying the function of ground temperature arrangement of village grove. Case study was accomplished at Hacho village grove in Jinan-gun, Jeonbuk province. Hacho village grove was the largest grove of all and most formal grove in Jinan region. So ground temperature of outside and inside of Hacho village grove were measured from March to October in 2001. And comparative review about difference between outside and inside of village grove was accomplished. Our ancestors, in spite of orient and occident, have made a settlement in consideration of climatic conditions. We have to team from past pattern and add modern scientific technology. So traditional wisdom and wise planning process must be considered in order to create qualitative residential environment in present through natural elements. It is identified that in winter, the inner side ground temperature is higher than outside one of that and in summer, in contrary, the inner side one of that is lower than outside one of that. So it is identified that Macho village grove breaks winds and reduce the heating energy in winter, it reduces ground temperature and reduces cooling energy very well in summer. It is identified that village grove reduce ground temperature in summer better than any other season. It is identified that in summer, the effect of maintaining constant temperature is also better than my other season. So it is identified that village grove stabilize most changeable outside temperature in inside of that.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.30-51
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• 2011

During the process of modernization, many rural villages in Korea have experienced degeneration and breakdown, losing sustainability. However, Oeam village in Asan City, South Chungcheong Province (State-designated cultural heritage, Important Folk Material No. 236) has established itself as a unique folk village, which evolves with sustainability, pursuing the revival of Neo-traditionalism. Oeam village is a tribal village of the Yis from the Yean region and has maintained environmental, economic, and social sustainability and soundness for over five centuries. Thus, the village has sustained itself well enough to be a cultural asset with 'Outstanding Universal Value', in terms of its value as world cultural heritage. The village maintains its own identity, filled with a variety of traditional and scenic cultural assets that symbolize a gentry village. Those assets include Confucian sceneries (head family houses, ancestral shrines, tombs, gravestones, commemorative monuments, and pavilions), various assets of folk religion (totem poles, protective trees at the entrance of a village, shrines for mountain spirits, village forests), tangible and intangible cultural assets related to daily lives (vigorous family activities, rigorous ancestral rituals, family rituals, collective agriculture and protection of ecosystem), which have all been well preserved and inherited. In particular, this village is an example of a well-being community with a well-preserved folksy atmosphere, which is based on environmentally sound settlements (nature + economy + environment + community) in a village established according to geomancy, East Asia's unique principle of environmental design. In addition, the village has kept the sustainability and authenticity for more than 500 years, combining restraint towards the environment and the view of the environment which respects the natural order and cultural values (capacity + healthy + sustainability). Therefore, the Oeam folk village can be a representative example of a folksy and scenic Korean community which falls into the category of IV (to exemplify an outstanding type of building, architectural or technological ensemble, or landscape which illustrates significant stages in human history) and V (to exemplify an outstanding traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of cultures, or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change) of Unesco's World Cultural Heritage.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.615-622
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the village groves in Pohang city by classifying them into 5 categories: sage plantation, shelter-belt plantation, shore plantation, ornamental plantation and bower plantation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; The village groves in Pohang city consist of 16 sage plantations ($128,682m^2$), 14 shelter-belt plantations ($807,755 m^2$), 17 shore plantations ($447,616m^2$), 10 ornamental plantations ($141,276m^2$) and 6 bower plantations ($79,075 m^2$). Namely, the ratio of shore plantations is highest (n=17) in terms of number, while that of shelter-belt plantations is highest (50.3%) in terms of area. On the other hand, Pinus Thunbergii account for the absolute majority (n=55,239, 74.1 %) of the trees, followed by pine trees (n=18,017, 24.2%). Both species are combined to account for 98.3% of the entire trees, which means that the plantations are simple in terms of tree species When the village groves were compared in terms of functional age, sage plantations are oldest or aged 143 years, followed by bower plantations (aged 137), ornamental plantations (aged 118), shore plantations (aged 92) and shelter-belt plantations (aged 88).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2009

This research surveyed the native resources which BiBo(replenishing shortages by helping each other) landscapes have been preserved by aiming at the village settlement spaces of five cities and counties in Gangwon Youngseo province. This research reveals that BiBo landscape patterns of 41 village forests, 23 BiBo symbols, and 6 BiBo ponds were surveyed. The village forests are all 41 places, and were mainly made on the plains in front of villages. BiBo functions of the forests were in the order of the land obstructing the view of the mouth of a river which is the most as 13 places, the land obstructing the view of the mouth of river, situation complements, village protection, and protection against wind. Bibo symbols were all 23 places. Towers, stone towers, menhirs, and Maitreya stones were 12 places, Jangseungs(a signpost raising on the entrance of the village or a temple) were 6 places, Sotdae(a pole raising at the entrance of the village as the symbol of a board or a village protecting deity) was 1 place, and the others were made multiply in 4 places. Bibo symbols were located at 21 places in front of villages. The village protection in Bibo functions was 6 places. 6 Bibo ponds were surveyed. Most Bibo ponds were made for earth power leakage prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.45-49
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• 2005

최근 해안송림에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있고, 이를 효과적으로 보전, 활용해야한다는 목소리가 높지만, 국내에서는 이러한 해안송림이 어떻게 변천되고 지역에 어떻게 기능해 왔는지 아직 알려지고 있지 않다. 본고는 해안송림의 기초연구로서, 하동송림을 대상으로 이러한 해안송림의 사회적인 기능과 관리문제를 검토한 것에 있다. 하동송림을 사례로 조사한 결과, 해안송림은 송림이 지역과 밀착함으로써 주민의 레크레이션기능은 물론 외부관광객을 끌어들일 수 있는 지역발전의 중요한 소재가 될 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 해안 송림이 지역주민의 일상생활과 밀접히 연관되고 지역발전의 한 축으로서 기능하면서, 송림에 대한 관리 및 주체의식이 높아지는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 지역발전의 실질적 기능 및 자연스러운 관리의식의 고양은 일반 공원이나 원거리 해안림 등에서는 쉽게 나타나지 않는 것으로서, 마을 숲(해안송림 등)이 갖고 있는 하나의 중요한 잠재력이 아닌가 생각된다. 그러나 관리측면에서는 하천오염이 해결되지 않고, 송림확장계획이 중지되고, 소나무재선충 방지책에 의문에 제기되는 등 적지 않은 문제가 나타나고 있다. 또한 이러한 문제발생의 원인으로는 해안송림에 대한 기본적인 인식의 부족, 책임 있는 관리주체의 부재, 구체적인 연구의 부족 등이 검토된다. 해안송림의 기능과 식생은 고정되어 있는 것이 아니라 지역 환경에 따라 끊임없이 변화되는 것에 있어, 변화에 대응하는 개발논리가 필요하다. 따라서 이러한 특수성을 일반적 임업관리나, 시설보수 차원에서의 접근은 소중한 지역의 자산과 발전기회를 잃은 거와 다르지 않다. 소중한 지역자원의 가치를 빛내고, 보다 효과적인 활용을 위해서는, 보다 체계적이고 파지티브한 관리 및 활용 정책이 요구되는 것에 있고, 이를 위해서는 책임 있는 관리주체를 조직하는 것과 함께, 토지사병에 기초한 송림의 이용 및 식생 변화에 대한 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-164
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• 2013

This article purposes to make a GIS database of South Korea rural village forest. So we first tried to collect data of their geographic coordinates or location from the many references on the rural village forest. As the result, we collected locations of the 634 forests. Boundaries of the 462 forests could be made by using their satellite imagery. Finally we implemented GIS database of the 462 traditional rural village forest in South Korea. Furthermore we surveyed 100 forests out of them. They were analyzed in the view of location, area, wood species, cultural assets and activities of inhabitants. These data can be used in the rural village planning and I look forward this database is helpful to preserve existing traditional rural village groves as a lasting legacy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.807-814
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze storytelling factors and mathematics contents of 'Eddy, the clever fox' on TV animation. The scenario and animation were analyzed according as criterion based on relevant materials. The results are as follows: First, Characters are 11 animals, Eddy is a problem solver. An ordinary story happens in the snow-covered woodland village. There is no story plot. And the story consists dialogue, song and narration. Second, mathematics contents in the animation appear in order number sense, geometry, measurement, data analysis and probability, pattern. So 'Eddy, the clever fox' is valuable as edutainment.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.99-110
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• 2010

This study elucidates the interrelationship between climatic, morpological, and hydraulic milieu in the drainage basins of Keum-gae river from the viewpoint of ecogeography. The region of this basin is located at low-relief hills. Because hills are made up of granitic regolith by deep weathering, the rate of permeability is very high. And, the speed of drainage is very fast, and the deficit of water easily revealed and BOD is very high. Therefore a great deals of efforts are needed for the maintenance of stable milieu.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.718-732
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide data for the basic research to found the effective conservation and management plan for the Geumdangsil Pine Forest of Yecheon designated as Natural Monument No. 469. Furthermore, this paper suggest efficient sustainable forest preservation and using. In order to achieve the sustainable forest preservation, this study was to analyse topography, land use, tree growth, soil environment, forest usage and forest management, etc. According to analysis the results, the site area is located in the flatlands where is from 130 to 140 m above sea level. The around forest was transformed into agricultural land. The 565 individuals of Pinus densiflora grows in the forest, whereas, 25 trees was cut down or died. There are signs of 25 stumps. The most of 565 trees' diameter at breast height(DBH) was centerized between 30 cm and 50 cm, moreover, the average life expectancy of trees were 85.4 years. The oldest age of tree was estimated to be 200 years. The Sample trees of rate of branch growth is from 4.3 cm to 5.1 cm per year. The middle branch which is more vigorous growth grow 24.2 cm for 3 years. Moreover, the result of soil physico-chemical properties analysis of 7 plots, 4 categories which is soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphoric acid, specific electrical conductance was generally good, however, the 2 categories which is soil pH, exchangeable cation needed improvement. Currently, the site was not pressured by facilities and usage, however, there might be threaten by agriculture such as encroaching on forest. Therefore, there should establish comprehensive ecosystem management such as facility management, visitors management and operation management In this paper considered 4 fields that is ecosystem management, facility management, visitors management and operation management for sustainable management.