• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.13D no.4 s.107
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• pp.613-618
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• 2006

As the embedded software spreads in various areas, many development tools have been made to minimize the developing time. But these tools cannot be applicable to all the environment because they have been created for the specific platform. As such, this paper proposes an Embedded Monitoring System, which supports the various communication environment and removes the limitation of adaptability to the various platforms. Using the Code Inline technique, this system can perform the monitoring process. However, we should consider the optimization for the monitoring process and monitoring sensors because the technique has the monitoring sensor overhead. As such, this paper proposes an approach for initializing the monitoring process and a bit-masking technique for optimizing the monitoring sensor. The Embedded Monitoring System will be applicable to all the areas using embedded systems.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.675-678
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• 2013

암호 알고리즘이 탑재된 환경에서 암호 알고리즘의 이론적 안전성이 고려되어도 환경에 의존한 부가적 정보를 활용하는 부채널 분석에 대한 안전성이 검토되어야 한다. 최근까지 부채널 분석에 대한 안전성을 고려한 대응기법으로 마스킹 기법이 적용되었으나, 이와는 상반된 개념인 하드웨어 DPL(Dual-rail with Precharge Logic) 기법을 응용한 균일한 해밍웨이트를 제공하는 소프트웨어 AES(Advanced Encryption Standard)가 제안되었다. 최근, 소프트웨어 기반 블록암호에 대해 고차 마스킹 부채널 대응법의 비효율성으로 새로운 방법에 대한 다양한 시도가 되고 있으며, 그 중 균일한 해밍웨이트를 제공하는 표현 방법이 효율적이고 안전한 새로운 대응법으로 검토되어지고 있다. 하지만, 논문에서는 균일한 해밍웨이트 데이터 표현방법 기반 부채널 대응법을 해독하는 차분전력분석 방법을 소개한다. 실험을 통해, AES 128비트 키 중 일부분이 분석됨을 확인하였다. 이는 공격자가 테이블 변환 정보를 활용할 수 있다는 다소 강력한 가정하에 실험하였기 때문이다. 앞선 가정 하에 안전성을 제공하기 위해서는 차후 추가적 대응기법이 고려되어야 한다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.49 no.11
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• pp.56-63
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• 2012

In this paper, adaptive unsharp masking using bilateral filter, edge-preserving smoothing filter is proposed to reduce the overshoot and jagging artifact in sharpening images. Previous image enhancement methods including unsharp masking(UM) can emphasize high-frequency details strongly, but often cause several artifacts such as overshooting, noise, jagging and so on. Proposed image enhancement method preserves edges well because of using bilateral filter and sensitively controls a weight according to edge's directions. Therefore, it enhances sharpness and effectively reduces overshoot and jagging artifacts. Simulation results comparing output of previous AUM with proposed method show that proposed algorithm makes images properly enhanced, and we know that overshoot and jagging artifacts are many reduced.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2011

Multiplicative noise model is the one of popular method for masking continuous variables. In this paper, we propose the transformation on the variable to which random noise was multiplied. An advantage of the masking method using proposed transformation is that the masking data users can obtain the unbiased values of mean and variance of original (unmasked) data. We also consider the data utility and correlation structure of variables when we apply the proposed multiplicative noise scheme. To investigate the properties of the method of masking based on multiplicative noise, a simulation study has been conducted using the 2008 Householder Income and Expenditure Survey data.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.141-146
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• 2022

The iris, a biometric information, is safe, unique, and reliable, such as fingerprints, and is personal information that can significantly lower the misrecognition rate than other biometric authentication. However, due to the nature of biometric authentication, it is impossible to replace it if it is stolen. There is a case in which an actual iris photo is taken and 3d printed so that the eyes work as if they were in front of the camera. As such, there is a possibility of iris leakage through high-definition images and photos. In this paper, we propose to improve iris masking performance by supplementing iris region masking research based on existing blurring techniques. Based on the results derived in this study, it is expected that it can be used for the security of video conference programs and electronic devices.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.35 no.9B
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• pp.1369-1380
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose the efficient Second-Order Differential Power Analysis attack, which has ability to find significant information such as secret key in the devices consisting IT convergence environment such as Smartgrid, Advanced Metering Infrastructure(AMI) and ZigBee-based home networking service. This method helps to find the secret key easily at a device, even though it uses a countermeasure like masking which makes First-Order DPA attack harder. First, we present the performance results of our implementation which implements practical Second-Order DPA attack using the existing preprocessing function, and analyze it. Then we propose a stronger preprocessing function which overcomes countermeasures like masking. Finally, we analyze the results of the Second-Order CPA attack using proposed preprocessing function and verify that proposed scheme is very threatening to the security fields of IT convergence technology through the experimental results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.8-15
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• 2009

Side-channel attacks including the differential power analysis attack are often more powerful than classical cryptanalysis and have to be seriously considered by cryptographic algorithm's implementers. Various countermeasures have been proposed against such attacks. In this paper, we deal with the masking method, which is known to be a very effective countermeasure against the differential power analysis attack and propose new gate-level conversion methods between Boolean and arithmetic masks. The new methods require only 6n-5 XOR and 2n-2 AND gates with 3n-2 gate delay for converting n-bit masks. The basic idea of the proposed methods is that the carry and the sum bits in the ripple adder are manipulated in a way that the adversary cannot detect the relation between these bits and the original raw data. Since the proposed methods use only bitwise operations, they are especially useful for DPA-securely implementing cryptographic algorithms in hardware which use both Boolean and arithmetic operations. For example, we applied them to securely implement the block encryption algorithm SEED in hardware and present its detailed implementation result.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.67-73
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• 1996

In general, the high quality audio coding(HQAC) has the structure of the convertional data compression techniques combined with moodels of human perception. The primary auditory characteristic applied to HQAC is the masking effect in the spectral domain. Therefore spectral techniques such as the subband coding or the transform coding are widely used[1][2]. However no effort has yet been made to apply the temporal masking effect and temporal redundancy removing method in HQAC. The audio data compression method proposed in this paper eliminates statistical and perceptual redundancies in both temporal and spectral domain. Transformed audio signal is divided into packets, which consist of 6 frames. A packet contains 1536 samples($256{\times}6$) :nd redundancies in packet reside in both temporal and spectral domain. Both redundancies are elminated at the same time in each packet. The psychoacoustic model has been improved to give more delicate results by taking into account temporal masking as well as fine spectral masking. For quantization, each packet is divided into subblocks designed to have an analogy with the nonlinear critical bands and to reflect the temporal auditory characteristics. Consequently, high quality of reconstructed audio is conserved at low bit-rates.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1401-1410
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• 2017

Cryptographic synchronization which synchronizes internal state of cryptographic algorithm and ciphertext stream between an encryptor and a decryptor affects the quality of secure communication. If there happens a synchronization loss between a transmitter and a receiver in a secure communication, the output of the receiver is unintelligible until resynchronization is made. Especially, in the secure communication on a wireless channel with high BER, synchronization performance can dominate its quality. In this paper, we proposed a novel and noise robust synchronization signal generation method as well as its detection algorithm. We generated a synchronization signal in the form of a masking structure based on the maximal length sequence, and developed a detection algorithm using a correlation property of the maximal length sequence. Experimental results have demonstrated that the proposed synchronization signal outperforms the conventional concatenated type synchronization signal in a noisy environment.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2021

The most important device of the AGV is the guide sensor, and the typical function of this sensor is high accuracy and extraction of the road. If the accuracy of the guide sensor is low or the sensor device is extracted the wrong track, this causes the problems such as the AGV collision, track-out, the load falling due to AGV swing. In order to improve these problems, this study is proposed a signal processing method of the guide sensor based on multi-maskings and the center of gravity method, and evaluated its performance. As a result, the proposed method showed that the mean error of absolute value is 2.32[mm] and it showed performance improvement of 27[%] than the center of gravity method of existence. Therefore, when the proposed signal processing method is applied, It is thought that the posture control and driving stability of the AGV will be improved.