• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.99
• /
• pp.307-317
• /
• 2003

Conventional osseointegrated titanium implants have many limitations; large size, limited location for placement of the implant, severity of the surgery, discomfort of initial healing, difficulty of oral hygiene and uncontrollable force direction. Recently titanium miniscrew and miniplate have been used for an alternative to conventional dental implant. But in relation to miniplate, miniscrew has disadvantages in that more potential inflammation, light orthodontic force application and limited orthodontic application. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of miniplate by observing the reactions of peri-implant tissues to early orthodontic and orthopedic loading of titanium miniplate. In four adult beagle dogs 10 miniplates were inserted into the alveolar bone using 20 osseointegrated titanium screws. 4 miniplates were placed in two dogs(dogA, B) and 6 miniplates in two dogs(dogC, D). In dogA, B miniplates were loaded with 200gm of force immediately after placement for 15 weeks. In dogc, D, miniplates were loaded with 400gm of force immediately after placement for 8 weeks. Miniplates of dogA were removed, dogA was healed for 4 weeks, and the area which was removed of miniscrew was examined. Following an observation period, the miniplates including miniscrews and the surrounding bone of dogB and dogC, D were removed, respectively. Undecalcified section along the long axis of miniscrews were made and the degree of osseointegration was examined under the light microscope. The results were as follows. 1. In the histologic features there was direct contact between bone and miniscrew in all groups except one, dogC control group. The loaded miniscrew demonstrated only a slight increase of the osseous proximaty when compared with unloaded miniscrew 2. There was no significant difference of the osseointegration of Peri-miniscrew surface between dogB and dogC, D. But dogB showed slightly more increased bone apposition than dogC, D 3. The gingiva overlapping the miniplate and miniscrew showed no inflammatory sign in clinical and histological aspects. 4. The impaled hard and soft tissues at the area which was removed of miniscrews showed good healing without inflammatory reaction. 5. The mobility showed slight increase in un-loaded miniplate but that was insignificant. Based on the results of this study, miniplate(C-tube) can be used as a firm osseous orthodontic and orthopedic anchorage unit immediately after insertion.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.99
• /
• pp.279-291
• /
• 2003

Electric current is a highly probable way as a clinical tool for tooth movement. The purposes of this study were to determine the usefulness of exogenous electric currents in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement and to investigate the effects of electric-orthodontic treatment on the remodeling of the periodontal tissue histologically The study was performed with six male cats weighing around 3kg. The electric device wich is providing the direct electric current of $20{\mu}A$ was inserted to the removable appliance. The right and left maxillary canines were assigned as control and experimental sides respectively. The control canine was Provided with orthodontic force (75gm) oかy and the experimental side was given the same amount of force and electricity. The lingual buttons were bonded to the maxillary canines and both sides of canines were retracted with NiTi coil spring. The electric device was adjusted to provide 20uh direct current to the experimental canines S hours a day The amount of the canine movement was measured with electronic caliper every week. After 4 weeks of tooth movement, the animals were sacrificed and the histologic study was performed. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The application of a direct current to the experimental tooth significantly increased the final amount of orthodontic tooth movement. The amount of tooth movement after 28-day was 37% more in the experimental side. 2. The electrically stimulated tooth showed histologic evidence of significant increases in the amount of bones and matrix deposition in the area of tension. 3. In the compression side, the electric-orthodontic treatment stimulated bone resorption more extensively in the experimental canines. 4. After 28 days of electricity exposure and orthodontic force, the experimental side demonstrated significantly more osteoblasts, osteoclasts, capillaries and osteoid tissues, reflectinr an increase in the local tissue's cellular activity. 5. Intermittent electrical stimulation (five hours a day) had effects to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and tissue remodeling. These results suggested that the low-intensity exogenous electric current by the miniature electric device might accelerate orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodeling in vivo and have the possibility to reduce the orthodontic treatment duration.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.76-83
• /
• 2013

Previous studies about effect of respiratory motion on diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy have been performed by monitoring external motions but these can not reflect internal organ motion well. The aim of this study was to develope the artificial pulmonary nodule able to perform non-invasive implantation to dogs in the thorax and to evaluate applicability of the model to respiratory motion studies on PET image acquisition and radiation delivery by phantom studies. Artificial pulmonary nodule was developed on the basis of 8 Fr disposable gastric feeding tube. Four anesthetized dogs underwent implantation of the models via trachea and implanted locations of the models were confirmed by fluoroscopic images. Artificial pulmonary nodule models for PET injected $^{18}F$-FDG and mounted on the respiratory motion phantom. PET images of those acquired under static, 10-rpm- and 15-rpm-longitudinal round motion status. Artificial pulmonary nodule models for radiation delivery inserted glass dosemeter and mounted on the respiratory motion phantom. Radiation delivery was performed at 1 Gy under static, 10-rpm- and 15-rpm-longitudinal round motion status. Fluoroscpic images showed that all models implanted in the proximal caudal bronchiole and location of models changed as respiratory cycle. Artificial pulmonary nodule model showed motion artifact as respiratory motion on PET images. SNR of respiratory gated images was 7.21. which was decreased when compared with that of reference images 10.15. However, counts of respiratory images on profiles showed similar pattern with those of reference images when compared with those of static images, and it is assured that reconstruction of images using by respiratory gating improved image quality. Delivery dose to glass dosemeter inserted in the models were same under static and 10-rpm-longitudinal motion status with 0.91 Gy, but dose delivered under 15-rpm-longitudinal motion status was decreased with 0.90 Gy. Mild decrease of delivered radiation dose confirmed by electrometer. The model implanted in the proximal caudal bronchiole with high feasibility and reflected pulmonary internal motion on fluoroscopic images. Motion artifact could show on PET images and respiratory motion resulted in mild blurring during radiation delivery. So, the artificial pulmonary nodule model will be useful tools for study about evaluation of motion on diagnostic imaging and radiation therapy using laboratory animals.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.333-338
• /
• 2012

The effects of ethanol extract from leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosu were evaluated on hyperlipidemic rats. Male SD rats were divided into a normal group, control (AIN-76 diet) group, Garcinia cambogia extract group, and AIN-76 diet group supplemented with ethanol extract from Eleutherococcus senticosu (EEES). The body weight of the AIN-76 group increased, whereas those of the Garcinia and EEES groups decreased. The serum total cholesterol of the AIN-76 group increased by 28.36% compared to the normal group, but decreased by only 27.15% in the Garcinia group and 25.47% in the EEES group. The serum triglyceride level of the AIN-76 group increased by 35.04% compared to the normal group, but decreased by only 26.76% in the Garcinia group and 37.54% in the EEES group. The serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the Garcinia and EEES groups increased compared to that of the AIN-76 group. The liver and epididymal adipose tissue weights of the EEES group decreased compared to those of the AIN-76 group. In measuring the concentration of triglycerides and total cholesterol level in the liver extracts, the AIN-76 group showed significant increases compared to the normal group, whereas the Garcinia and EEES groups showed a significant decrease compared to the AIN-76 group. These results indicate that the EEES group may improve lipid metabolism and reduce fat accumulation and body weight.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.335-343
• /
• 2006

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of meal pattern on lipogenesis and activities of lipogenic enzyme in rats epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues. A high fat diet was fed either ad libitum or in 1 meal during the last 3 h of the dark cycle for 4 weeks. Lipogenesis was measured as glucose conversion to total lipid and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phophogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH) and NADP-malate dehydrogenase (ME) were determined by measuring NADPH production. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and serum lipoprotein concentrations were also measured. Meal-fed (3 h) rats had a decreased food intake, body weight and carcass fat compared with rats fed ad libitum. The serum triglyceride concentration of meal-fed rats tended to be higher than that of the ad libitum rats. However, there were no differences between meal-fed group and ad libitum group in serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and total-cholesterol. Rates of lipogenesis in both epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues were significantly higher in the meal-fed group than that in the ad libitum group. In addition, meal-fed group showed higher G6PDH, 6PGDH and LPL activities in both epididymal and mesenteric adipose tissues, but exerted no significant effect on ME activity. These results suggest that meal-fed rats compared with ad libitum rats have marked lipogenic capacity, although such elevation probably does not result in increase in carcass fat concentration. Thus, meal-fed diet can be an important determinant of the alterations in adipose lipid metabolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.36 no.5
• /
• pp.563-568
• /
• 2007

We report that the gamma linolenic acid content of pork is higher in finishing pigs fed diets containing hemp seed oil, evening primrose oil or borage oil as the sources of gamma linolenic acid. Thirty-six three crossing swines ($Landrace{\times}Yorkshire{\times}Duroc$), 80 kg in body weight, were randomly separated into four treatment groups with three pens per treatment and three animals per pen. The finishing swines were fed the experimental diets for 35 days until they reached the market weight of 110 kg. The animals were assigned to the four experimental diets: control diet containing 5.00% tallow, T1 containing 5.00% hemp seed oil (hemp seed oil 40:soybean oil 60), T2 containing 5.00% evening primrose oil (primrose oil 40:soybean oil 60) and T3 containing 5.00% borage oil (borage oil 40:soybean oil 60). The plasma triacylglycerol and total cholesterol content of the swine in the gamma fatty acids-fed groups were significantly (p<0.05) lower than those in the control group. No gamma linolenic acid was detected in the plasma of the control group, while tile level of gamma linolenic acid treatment groups was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the control in the order of T3, T2 and T1. Moreover, the level of gamma linolenic acid increased with increasing number of feeding days. There was a significant difference between the treatment groups (p<0.05). There was a difference in the amount of saturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid accumulated in the pork according to the treatment groups or the parts of the pork meat. The level of n-3 fatty acid of pork was highest in T1, which had been fed the hemp seed oil, followed in order by T3 and T2 (p<0.05). The content of gamma linolenic acid in pork was highest in T3, which had been fed the borage oil, followed in order by T2 and T1 (p<0.05). In particular, the level of gamma linolenic acid in pork increased in the order of the back fat, pork belly, ham and loin.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.241-257
• /
• 2000

Autogenous periosteal grafts are an attractive alternative to existing barrier membrane materials since they meet the reqiurements of an ideal material. But no histological data are available on the effectiveness of periosteal membranes in the treatment of periodontal defects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate effect of autogenous periosteal graft on periodontal regeneration histologically. Class II furcation defects were surgically created on the second, third and the fourth premolars bilaterally in the mandibules of six mongrel dogs. The experimental sites were divided into three groups according to the treatment modalities; control group - surgical debridement only; Group I- autogenous periosteal membrane placement after surgical debridement; Group II-autogenous periosteal membrane placement after surgical debridement and bone grafting. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4 and 12 weeks after periodontal surgery and the decalcified and undecalcified specimens were prepared for histological and histometrical analysis. Clinically all treated groups healed without significant problems. Under light microscope, at 2 weeks, control group showed significant apical epithelial migration and bone remodelling only below the notch area. But for the group I, II with autogenous periosteal graft, less apical migration of epithelium appeared and large amount of osteoid tissue showed above the notch area. Grafted periosteal membrane was indiscernable at 4 weeks, so periosteal membrane might be organized to surrounding tissues. Histometrically, at 4 and 12 weeks, all the test and control groups didn't show significant change of epithelial zone but new attachment level tended to be gained in the test groups than control group. These results suggest that autogenous periosteal grafts should be a good alternative for guided tissue regeneration.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.217-234
• /
• 2005

혈소판 농축 혈장은 구강과 안면부 재건수술에 새로이 사용되는 유용한 첨가물이다. 혈소판은 상처 치유과정에서 매우 중요하며, 혈소판은 상처부위에 빠르게 도달하여 응고를 형성한다. 그리고 다양한 성장인자를 분비한다. 이러한 성장인자는 골의 형성과 혈관의 증가, 골 이식재의 치유에 관여하는 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구의 목적은 실험 동물을 통하여 혈소판 농축 혈장에 함유된 혈소판의 정량화를 통한 성장인자 함유량을 추정하고, 방사선학적, 조직학적 평가를 통해 혈소판 농축 혈장이 초기의 골형성에 미치는 영향에 대한 평가를 하는데 있다. 15마리의 가토 두개골에 6mm trephine bur(외경 8mm)를 이용하여 경뇌막의 손상을 주지 않도록 하면서 4개의 결손부를 형성하였다. 각각의 두개골 결손부는 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군, PRP만 이식한 군, PRP와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$를 혼합하여 이식한군, 그리고 아무것도 이식하지 않은 군을 대조군으로 설정하였다. 각각의 재료를 이식한 후 비흡수성 차폐막($Tefgen^{(R)}$)을 위치시키고 흡수성 봉합사로 일차봉합을 시행하였다. 각 군 당 술 후 1, 2, 4주의 치유기간을 설정하였다. 동물을 희생시키고 두개골을 절제하였다. 먼저 방사선학적인 골 밀도 측정을 시행하고, 조직학적 평가를 위해 통법에 따라 조직 표본을 제작한 후 광학현미경으로 관찰하였다. 또한 가토 귀 변연정맥에서 채취한 10 ml의 혈액을 원심분리하여 혈소판 함유량을 평가하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 혈소판 농축 혈장은 일반 혈액에 비해 약 4.02배 많은 수의 혈소판이 함유되어 있었다. 2. 방사선적인 평가에서 1, 2, 4주 사이에 대조군과 비교하여 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군에서 골의 밀도는 큰 차이를 보이고 있다(p<0.01). 하지만, 동일한 시기에 PRP만 이식한 군과 대조군의 차이는 발견할 수 없었으며 (p>0.05), $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군과 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 이식한 군의 차이 또한 발견할 수 없었다(p>0.05). 3. 조직학적 평가에서 모든 이식재는 시간이 경과할수록 골 형성이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 대조군에 비해 PRP만 이식한 군에서 더 두꺼운 섬유성 결합을 보이고 있다. 대조군과 PRP만 이식한 군과 비교해 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$와 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군에서 골의 형성이 더 진행됨을 알 수 있었다. $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식한 군이 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$만 이식한 군에서보다 더 많은 신생골 형성을 관찰할 수 있다. 이상의 결과에서 가토의 두개골 결손부에 $Bio-Oss^{(R)}$에 PRP를 혼합 이식하였을 경우 결손부의 초기 골 형성을 촉진 할 수 있음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.745-752
• /
• 2007

A total of thirty sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of plant protein source containing multienzyme on performance, nutrients digestibility and milk characteristics. A feeding trial was conducted for 21 days from parturition to weaning. Experimental diets were supplied for 1 week before the parturition day and throughout the experimental period. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control(CON; basal diet), 2) CGLT(included corn gluten) and 3) FSPM(included fermented soy protein containing multienzyme). Through the entire experimental period, backfat loss and return-to-estrus intervals were not affected by the treatments(P>0.05). Nitrogen digestibility was increased significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentration was increased significantly (P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. At the initial  period, total protein content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CGLT treatment and at the final period, total fat content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FM treatment compared to CON treatment. Rectal temperature showed similar tendency of change among treatments. The final piglet body weight, weight gain and ADG were higher significantly in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. On diarrhea rate in piglet, just one piglet occurred in CGLT treatement. In conclusion, 2.5% dietary plant protein source containing multienzyme suppelmentation improved N digestibility, BUN concentration, fat and protein contents in milk and weight gain in piglet.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.773-782
• /
• 2007

A total of thirty sows(Landrace×Yorkshire) were used to determine the effects of plant protein source containing multienzyme on performance, nutrients digestibility and milk characteristics. A feeding trial was conducted for 21 days from parturition to weaning. Experimental diets were supplied for 1 week before the parturition day and throughout the experimental period. Dietary treatments included: 1) Control(CON; basal diet), 2) CGLT(included corn gluten) and 3) FSPM(included fermented soy protein containing multienzyme). Through the entire experimental period, backfat loss and return-to-estrus intervals were not affected by the treatments(P>0.05). Nitrogen digestibility was increased significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. Blood urea nitrogen(BUN) concentration was increased significantly (P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. At the initial  period, total protein content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FSPM treatment compared to CGLT treatment and at the final period, total fat content of milk was higher significantly(P<0.05) in FM treatment compared to CON treatment. Rectal temperature showed similar tendency of change among treatments. The final piglet body weight, weight gain and ADG were higher significantly in FSPM treatment compared to CON treatment. On diarrhea rate in piglet, just one piglet occurred in CGLT treatement. In conclusion, 2.5% dietary plant protein source containing multienzyme suppelmentation improved N digestibility, BUN concentration, fat and protein contents in milk and weight gain in piglet.