• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.95-100
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• 2005

To enhance the utilization of green garlic as food materials, the nutritional and microbiological properties of green garlic powder and bread were investigated. Proximate compositions of green garlic powder were as follows; moisture $6.99\%$, crude protein $7.62\%$, crude lipid $1.84\%$, crude ash $6.60\%$, crude fiber $9.88\%$ and carbohydrate $76.95\%$. Free sugars were composed of glucose, glucose and sucrose. The major minerals of green garlic powder were k(1,140 mg/100 g), Ca(679.05 mg/100 g), P(342.09 mg/100 g) and Na(130.42 mg/100 g). In the total and free amino acid analysis, the major amino acids were methionine, cystine, proline and glutamic acid. When various amount of freeze dried green garlic powder were added in bread, bread with $0.5\%$ green garlic powder had lower level of total bacterial count compared with the control group at ambient temperature$(30{\pm}1^{\circ}C)$. Result of sensory evaluation showed that the preference scores decreased as the green garlic powder content increased. Through the result of these experiment we can conclude that the highest quality of green garlic powder content is no more than $0.5\%$ in making bread added with green garlic powder.

• 베이커리
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• no.5 s.346
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• pp.36-51
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• 1997

• 베이커리
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• no.8 s.445
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• pp.94-95
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• 2005

최근 언론에서 이탈리아 요리가 자주 등장하는 등 이탈리아 요리에 대한 관심이 부쩍 높아졌다. 이탈리아 요리는 물론 이탈리아 빵과 케이크를 만들 때 필수적으로 들어가는 몇 가지 재료가 있다. 이탈리아 식재료 대표주자인 올리브 오일, 토마토 소스, 이탈리안 치즈, 마늘 등에 대해 알아본다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.26-86
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• 2000

마늘을 MAE(microwave-assisted extractiona)방법에 의하여 물, 30% 에탄올 및 50% 에탄올로 추출하고 그 특성을 비교하였다. 마늘과 각 용매의 비율은 1:2.5로 하여 마이크로웨이브 60W로 각각 5분 및 20분 동안 추출하였다. 마늘 올레오레진 수율은 50% 에탄올로 20분동안 추출한 추출물이 14.1%로 가장 높았으며 polyphenol함량도 물로 20분동안 추출한 경우가 579.0mg%로 가장 많은 함량을 나타내었다. 전자공여작용 효과 및 피르브산 함량도 물로 20분 동안 추출한 추출물이 각각 32.7% 및 마늘 1g당 13.4$\mu$molus로 가장 높게 나타났다. 각 용매에 대해 20분동안 추출한 추출물들을 37$^{\circ}C$에서 8일동안 저장하면서 피르브산 함량과 전자공여작용의 변화를 조사한 결과, 피르브산 함량은 물 추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 높은 함량을 나타내었고 저장 시간이 증가할수록 그 함량은 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 전자공여작용도 물 추출물이 가장 높은 효과를 나타내었으며 추출시간에 비례하여 증가하다가 저장 6일째부터 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 각 용매에 대한 추출물의 색깔을 조사한 결과 물 추출물이 가장 밝고 옅은 갈색을 나타내었으며 30% 에탄올 추출물이 가장 어둡고 푸르스름한 노란색을 나타내었다. 또한 각 추출물들을 37$^{\circ}C$에서 10일간 저장하면서 갈색화 정도를 측정해 본 결과 물 추출물이 에탄올 추출물이 에탄올 추출물보다 갈색화가 많이 진행되었으며 0.1% cysteine을 첨가한 추출물과 에탄올 추출물의 갈색화는 비슷한 경향을 나타내었다. 마늘 추출물을 추출한 후에 0.1% cysteine을 첨가하여 저장한 것 보다 추출하기 전에 첨가하는 경우가 갈색화 억제 효과가 뚜렷하였다.문에 밀가루에 일부를 대용한 wheat flour dough를 사용하고 가정용 제빵기로 구워 최종 단계에까지의 제빵성 결과를 산출했다. amarans folur 5%의 대체에는 빵의 비용적이 비교적 증대했지만 그 이상 amarans flour을 대처하면 확연히 비용적은 감소했다. amarans flour 10% 대체에 hemicellulase 1250U 이상을 첨가하면 비용적은 눈에 띄게 증대했다. farinograph에 있어서 반죽의 안정성은 amarans flour 10% 대용에 현저히 감소했다. 반죽의 점탄성(아축응력, 탄성률, 점성계수)는 amarans flour 10%를 대용한 것이 무첨가한 것보다 많이 단단해졌음을 알 수 있었다. 혼합중의 반죽의 조사형 전자현미경 관찰로 amarans flour로 대체한 gluten이 단단해졌음을 알수 있었다. 유화제 stearly 칼슘, 혹은 hemicellulase를 amarans 10% 대체한 밀가루에 첨가하면 확연히 비용적을 증대시킬 수 있다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. quinoa는 명아주과 Chenopodium에 속하고 페루, 볼리비아 등의 고산지에서 재배 되어지는 것을 시료로 사용하였다. quinoa 분말은 중량의 5-20%을 quinoa를 대체하고 더욱이 분말중량에 대하여 0-200ppm의 lipase를 lipid(밀가루의 2-3배)에 대하여 품질개량제로서 이용했다. 그 결과 quinoa 대량 7.5%에서 비용적, gas cell이 가장 긍정적 결과를 산출했고 반죽의 조직구조가 강화되었다. 또 quinoa 대체에 의해 전분-지질 복합제의 흡열량이 증대된 것으로부터 전분-지질복합제의 형성 촉진이 시사되었다.이것으로 인하여 호화억제에 의한 노화 방지효과가 기대되었지만 실제로 빵의 노화는 현저히 진행되었다. 이것은 quinua 대체량 증가에 따른 반죽의 안정성이 저하되어 버린 것으로 생

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.503-510
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• 2010

Different amounts of black garlic extract(0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12%(W/W)) were added to white pan bread, and the quality characteristics were evaluated. The pH and density of dough was decreased with increasing concentration of black garlic extract. There was no marked difference in the fermentation power of the dough expansion among the samples. The pH of bread decreased, and there were no significant differences in baking loss rate, dough yield or bread specific volume as the concentration of black garlic extract was increased. Regarding crust and crumb color values, lightness gradually diminished with increased amounts of black garlic extract in bread, whereas redness and yellowness increased. For measurement of texture, the highest hardness and gumminess of bread were observed in the 1% added group, and there was no remarkable difference between the 3% added group and control. Sensory evolution was the highest when 6% black garlic extract was added, but there were no significant differences in terms of color or overall acceptability. The results imply that addition of black garlic extract to white pan bread created a healthy and functional bread.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.323-328
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• 1998

This study was to investigate regularity of breakfast and food habits of commuting local college students. The regularly breakfast eating rate was found to be 32.9% in man and 26.5% in woman. The mean score of food habits was pretty low, 36.7 out of minimum possible score 12 and maximum 60. The mean score of nutrition attitude was 58.1 out of minimum possible score 18 and maximum 90. This survey showed that skipping breakfast or irregularity of breakfast led to overeating, high fat diet, lot of alcohol and imbalanced diet. It was known that breakfast was the most important among three meals. But having balanced breakfast daily was very difficult according to loss of appetite and busy schedule early in the morning. I suggested carbohydrate food, protein food, and vitamin & mineral food items desirable for nutritionally balanced, easily digestible, tasteful, quick and easily cooking breakfast menu. It was recommended to choose on item out of each of three food categories considering calory(1/3 of daily recommended calory intake for breakfast).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1949-1957
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• 2013

The contents of ${\beta}$-carotene and retinol in processed and restaurant foods, such as Korean noodles, mandus, rice cakes and bread products, were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV/visible and fluorescence detector, respectively. Samples were collected from different local areas (i.e. Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do, Gyeongsang-do, Seoul, Jeolla-do, and Chungcheong-do). After homogenization, samples were hydrolyzed by direct alkali saponification; thereafter, fat-soluble components were extracted by a mixture of n-hexane/ethylacetate (85:15, v/v), containing 0.01% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). ${\beta}$-carotene and retinol contents in infant formula used as an in-house material for the analytical quality control. Among 14 Korean noodles, high contents of ${\beta}$-carotene were found in Bibim-Guksu (average 442.43 ${\mu}g/100g$) and Jjolmyeon (average 301.39 ${\mu}g/100g$). In 4 Korean mandus, the highest contents of ${\beta}$-carotene was determined in Kimchi-mandu (average 197.64 ${\mu}g/100g$), resulting in 33.3 RE of the converted vitamin A. Among 12 Korean rice cakes, Maeun-Tteokbokki and Modm-Chaltteok contained relatively high content of ${\beta}$-carotene with 205.11 and 41.33 ${\mu}g/100g$, respectively, while retinol was detected only in Maeun- Tteokbokki (1.65~10.45 ${\mu}g/100g$). In addition, among 8 bread products, 77.3 RE of pastry, 51.2 RE of buttercream- bread, and 41.4 RE of morning roll were found as the contents of the converted vitamin A.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.428-438
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• 2008

Choline is important for normal membrane function, acetylcholine synthesis and methyl group metabolism. In this study, 185 food items customarily eaten by Koreans were selected from the data of the 2001 Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey and analyzed on the total choline content of the foods using enzymatic method of choline oxidase. Foods with high choline concentration (mg/100 g) were listed in sequence of quail egg (476.04 mg), dried squid (452.42 mg), beef liver (427.16 mg), pork liver (424.92 mg), tuna canned in oil (414.44 mg), boiled and dried anchovy (381.30 mg), dried Alaskan pollack (378.88 mg), chicken egg (309.88 mg), chicken liver (259.38 mg), soybean (238.62 mg), French bread with garlic (193.18 mg) and barley (183.73 mg). From this result, it is shown that dried fishes, prepared fishes, livers, eggs, pulses and cereals might be categorized as high choline food. Citron tea and green tea showed low choline content below 1 mg. Vegetables and fruits were also categorized into low choline food. No choline was detected in red pepper powder, beer, soju, soybean oil and corn oil out of foods analyzed in this study. Further study is required for analytic procedure of the foods of which results are inconsistent with USDA's data such as rice and wheat flour.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2011

This study aims to increase the flavor of a lamb filet dish. The method used was as follows. Four kinds of crusts(mustard, herb & garlic, nuts, mushrooms) were made, and they were topped over lamb filet steaks. After cooking them, the good samples (mustard(MU3), herb & garlic(HG2), nuts(NC2), mushrooms(MC3)) by different materials through a sensory test were classified The selected samples were named as 1. Blank, 2. ECl(MU3), 3. EC2(HG2), 4. EC3(NC2), and 5. EC4(MC3). And then another sensory test was conducted targeting the samples to find out which crust had the best preference value. The results of the sensory test were statistically calculated Summarizing the results, all 4 kinds of samples topped with 4 different crusts showed much higher values than Blank, the control group. That indicates that the cooking method topping a crust on a lamb filet steak dish is very effective. Among them, the HG2 sample produced by mixing 70% of bread crumbs(115.5g) and 30% of garlic chop(49.5) with the base spice consisting of parsley 8g, rosemary 3g, basil 4g and olive oil 50g was evaluated as the best crust.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.175-182
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• 2001

The main focus of this study was set to help college students in Kangwon province to improve and correct dietary habits and to maintain healthy life. The nutritional status and food preference of college students were examined from May to July, 1999. The collection of the research data has been made on the basis of questionnaries for 184 college students residing in Kangwon province. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using SAS package program for descriptive frequency and statistical significance. The meal skipping ratio of the subjects were 2% and for the reasons of meal skipping 45% responded "lack of time". As for main dishes, cooked rice turned out to be the most preferred by the subjects and the second and third favored by female students were bread and noodle respectively. Most preferred side-dishes were meat soup, kimchi, laver Kui,squid Bockeum, fried squid, beef Chon, squid Chorim, soy Namul, Dubuk Changachi and squid Muchim. Less preferred side-dishes include radish soup, white kimchi, mugwort fry, liver Bockeum, liver sheon and egg plant Kui. No one-plate food was disliked by the subjects. Male liked Manndukuk and female liked cuttle fish rice. The intakes of nutrient except for energy, iron and calcium for female students were the same or above the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for Koreans.