• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 2008

Background: The presence of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes is a crucial factor for the prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate the pattern of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that spreads to the mediastinal lymph nodes, in relation to the primary tumor site, in patients who underwent major lung resection with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. Material and Method: We retrospectively. studies 293 consecutive patients [mean age $63.0{\pm}8.3$ years (range $37{\sim}88$) and 220 males (75.1%)] who underwent major lung resection due to non-small cell lung cancer from January 1998 to December 2005. The primary tumor and lymph node status was classified according to the international TNM staging system reported by Mountain. The histologic type of the tumors was determined according to the WHO classification. Fisher's exact test was used; otherwise the chi-square test of independence was employed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Lobectomy was carried out in 180 patients, bilobectomy in 50, sleeve lobectomy in 10 and pnemonectomy in 53. The pathologic report revealed 124 adenocarcinomas, 138 squamous-cell tumors, 14 adenosquamous tumors, 1 carcinoid tumor, 8 large cell carcinomas, 1 carcinosarcoma, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 5 undifferentiated tumors. The TNM stage was IA in 51 patients, IB in 98, IIB in 41, IIIA in 71, IIIB in 61 and IV in 6. 25.9 % of the 79 patients had N2 tumor. Most common infiltrated mediastinal lymph node was level No.4 in the right upper lobe, level No. 4 and 5 in the left upper lobe and level No. 7 in the other lobes, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Thirty-six patients (12.3%) presented with skip metastasis to the mediastinum. Conclusion: Mediastinal lymph node dissection is necessary for accurately determining the pTNM stage. It seems that there is no definite way that non-small cell lung cancer spreads to the lymphatics, in relation to the location of the primary cancer. Further, skip metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes was present in 12.3% of our patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.83 no.1
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• pp.239-245
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• 2022

Contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis is a rare entity in breast cancer and is currently classified as a distant metastasis; however, recent studies have proposed aggressive curative treatment since this entity may manifest as a locoregional disease. Herein, we report a rare case of contralateral axillary lymph node metastasis that presented with imaging findings 22 months after the initial breast cancer diagnosis in a 67-year-old female. The patient underwent lymph node dissection of the axilla with adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. A follow-up examination 6 months after surgery showed no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2004

Background : To evaluate the frequency and clinical significance of lymph node micrometastasis in patients of non-small-cell lung cancer pathologically staged to be T1-2,N0. Method : From consecutive 29 patients of non-small-cell lung cancer who received curative operation and routine systemic nodal dissection, we immunohistochemically examined 806 lymph nodes from mediastinal, hilar and peribronchial lesion. All slides were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining for one section and with cytokeratin AE1/AE3 antibody for another consecutive section of same lymph node to find out micrometastasis. Results : In 806 lymph nodes examined, no tumor cell was seen on hematoxylin and eosin staining and micrometastic foci were shown to be on 0.37%(3) of 806 lymph nodes, in which were upper paratracheal, interlobar and peribronchial lymph node. These three positive stains constitute 10.3%(3) of the 29 patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. Nine patients died from disease progression(4), postoperative complication(3) and concomitant diseases(2). The four patients with disease progression did not show evidence of micrometastasis on their lymph node examination. Conclusion : The frequency of lymph node micrometastasis was in 0.37% of 806 lymph nodes examined. The study results might suggested that routine analysis of micrometastasis on the lymph node didn't give any clinical implication on patients with non-small-cell lung cancer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1994

비유중기, 건유초기 및 임신말기의 C3H/HeN 마우스의 비장, 장간막림프절, 말초림프절(액와, 상완 및 샅림프절)유래 림프구에서 생산되는 lymphokine의 양을 비교하였다. 비장에서의 IL-2 생산양은 임신말기와 비유중기에 낮았지만, IL-4, IL-6와 $IFN_{\gamma}$의 생산양은 임신말기와 건유초기에 높았다. 말초림프절에서의 IL-4, IL-6 및 $IFN_{\gamma}$ 생산양은 임신말기와 건유초기에 높았지만, IL-2의 생산양은 임신말기, 비유중기 및 건유초기에 각각 감소하였다. 장간막림프절에서의 IL-4 생산양은 임신말기와 비유중기에 각각 증가하였으나, IL-2의 생산양은 임신말기에 감소하였다. 이와같이 전반적으로 건유초기와 임신말기에 IL-2의 생산양은 낮지만, IL-4, IL-6와 $IFN_{\gamma}$의 생산양이 높은 결과는 이 시기에 유방염의 발생비율이 높은 것과 연관성이 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.485-492
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• 1993

Necrotizing lymphadenitis was first recognised as a self-limiting lymphadenitis by Japanese workers in 1972. It is a distinct clinicopathologic entity, but can be mistaken as malignant lymphoma. We have studied clinicopathologic features in 15 cases of necrotizing lymphadenitis. This disease occurs predominantly in young adult. Male-female ratio is 2 : 1. The commonest presentation is lateral cervical lymphadenopathy. Pain, tenderness, and fever can be seen. Biopsy of the lymph nodes from all patients demonstrates the characteristic histologic features : multifocal, relatively circumscribed nodules in the cortex and/or paracortex, consisting of a mixture of activated large lymphoid cells, histiocytes and small lymphocytes. Numerous karyorrhetic debris are present. Neutrophils and plasma cells are strikingly absent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.81 no.6
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• pp.1486-1491
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• 2020

Kikuchi disease is a type of benign, self-limiting necrotizing lymphadenitis that occurs most commonly in young women and usually manifests as palpable cervical lymph nodes and fever. Patients with an unusual location of lymph node involvement can be misdiagnosed with malignant disease. Here, we report a case of Kikuchi disease in a 15-year-old girl presenting with persistent fever for 2 weeks. Imaging studies, including ultrasonography, CT, and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT, revealed splenomegaly and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, abdomen, retroperitoneum, and inguinal region. Laparoscopic excision of the celiac lymph nodes confirmed histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, also known as Kikuchi disease. Conservative treatment with corticosteroids improved the patient's condition.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2014

Bacille Calmette-$Gu\acute{e}rin$ (BCG) lymphadenitis is the most common complication of BCG vaccination. It commonly occurs in infants aged <6 months involving ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. We described BCG lymphadenitis in a 22-month-old boy presenting swelling of left supraclavicular lymph node that was confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the multiplex PCR targeting the region of difference (RD).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.768-772
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• 2002

Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy or Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD) is a rare type of histiocytosis syndrome, that presents in its most typical form as massive, painless, bilateral lymph node enlargement in the neck during the first or second decade of life. The disease involves extranodal site in over 25% to 43% of the cases, however cases of extranodal RDD without nodal disease have rarely been reported. The involved sites of extranodal RDD have been reported various that were orbit, ocular adnexae, head and neck, upper respiratory tract, breast, gastrointestinal tract, CNS, etc. A 35 year-old man was present with pleural pain on left anterior chest and anterior mediastinal mass, that underwent an excision to remove the suspected invasive thymoma, and the diagnosis was confirmed to extranodal Rosai-Dorfman disease.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and feasibility of D2 lymphadenectomy in elderly patients with gastric cancerby comparing the surgical outcomes and postoperative courses between an elderly group and a control group undergoing the same procedure. Materials and Methods: Clinical information was reviewed for 1251 patients with gastric cancer who underwent gastrectomy between May 2004 and May 2007. Patients were classified into the following two groups: an elderly group (older than the average life span in Korea) and a control group (younger than the elderly group). Clinicopathologic features and postoperative courses after D2 lymphadenectomy were reviewed and compared between the two groups. Results: There were a total of 120 (9%) elderly group patients among all those reviewed, and 86 (72.2%) of them underwent D2 lymphadenectomy. There was 27.5% postoperative morbidity in the elderly group, which was significantly different from thecontrol group (12.8%, p=0.003). However, on multivariate analysis, ASA score and combined resection were independent predictive factors of postoperative complications, while age was not predictive. Conclusion: Older age is not a predictive factor of postoperative complications in itself, and D2 lymphadenectomy can be safely performed in elderly patients with gastric cancer, provided they have good ASA scores and do not undergo accompanying combined resection.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.484-488
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• 1994

Background : The antigen-specific receptor on the surface of most peripheral T lymphocytes is a disulfide-linked heterodimer composed of $\alpha$ and $\gamma$ subunits, noncovalently associated with CD3 polypeptides. Recently, a novel type of CD3-associated heterodimer was described on a T cell subset that does not express CD4 or CD8 molecules. This second type of TCR dimer is composed of chains encoded for by the $\gamma$- and $\delta$-TCR genes. These cells may exert both cytotoxic and lymphokine producing functions. Although it was reported that some ${\gamma}{\delta}$-TCR might recognize an MHC-linked determinant, the funεtion or physiologic ligand for this new receptor is not yet clear. It was found that ${\gamma}{\delta}$-TCR can react with 65 kD heat shock protein of M. tuberculosis, which suggests the possible protective role of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T lymphocytes against tuberculosis. In our previous study, there was neither the increase in number nor the functional activation of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in the peripheral blood from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Now we report the distribution of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in the regional sites of M. tuberculosis infection, especial1y tuberculous lymphadenitis. Methods : Lymph nodes from patients with pathologically-proven tuberculous lymphadenopathy (n=5) and reactive hyperplasia (n=3) were used. Tissues were frozen in liquid nitrogen immediately after removal and stored below $-70^{\circ}C$. The cryostat sections of these frozen specimens were stained with anti-Leu-4 Ab, Identi-T TCR ${\delta}1$, and Identi-T ${\beta}F1$. The number of positively stained cells were counted at high power field. Results : The infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells was significantly higher in the lymph nodes from patients with tuberculous lymphadenopathy than that with reactive hyperplasia ($16.3{\pm}10.3%$ vs. $1.7{\pm}1.5%$). Conclusion : These results suggest that ${\gamma}{\delta}$) T cells may play a role in the defense against M. tuberculosis infection, especially in the regional sites of infection.