Browse > Article

Patterns of Mediastinal Lymph Nodes Metastasis in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer according to the Primary Cancer Location  

Lee, Kyo-Sean (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Song, Sang-Yun (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Ryu, Sang-Woo (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Na, Kook-Ju (Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hospital, College of Medicine, Chonnam National University)
Publication Information
Journal of Chest Surgery / v.41, no.1, 2008 , pp. 68-73 More about this Journal
Abstract
Background: The presence of infiltrated mediastinal lymph nodes is a crucial factor for the prognosis of lung cancer. The aim of our study is to investigate the pattern of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer that spreads to the mediastinal lymph nodes, in relation to the primary tumor site, in patients who underwent major lung resection with complete mediastinal lymph node dissection. Material and Method: We retrospectively. studies 293 consecutive patients [mean age $63.0{\pm}8.3$ years (range $37{\sim}88$) and 220 males (75.1%)] who underwent major lung resection due to non-small cell lung cancer from January 1998 to December 2005. The primary tumor and lymph node status was classified according to the international TNM staging system reported by Mountain. The histologic type of the tumors was determined according to the WHO classification. Fisher's exact test was used; otherwise the chi-square test of independence was employed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Lobectomy was carried out in 180 patients, bilobectomy in 50, sleeve lobectomy in 10 and pnemonectomy in 53. The pathologic report revealed 124 adenocarcinomas, 138 squamous-cell tumors, 14 adenosquamous tumors, 1 carcinoid tumor, 8 large cell carcinomas, 1 carcinosarcoma, 2 mucoepidermoid carcinomas and 5 undifferentiated tumors. The TNM stage was IA in 51 patients, IB in 98, IIB in 41, IIIA in 71, IIIB in 61 and IV in 6. 25.9 % of the 79 patients had N2 tumor. Most common infiltrated mediastinal lymph node was level No.4 in the right upper lobe, level No. 4 and 5 in the left upper lobe and level No. 7 in the other lobes, but no statistically significant difference was observed. Thirty-six patients (12.3%) presented with skip metastasis to the mediastinum. Conclusion: Mediastinal lymph node dissection is necessary for accurately determining the pTNM stage. It seems that there is no definite way that non-small cell lung cancer spreads to the lymphatics, in relation to the location of the primary cancer. Further, skip metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes was present in 12.3% of our patients.
Keywords
Carcinoma non-small cell, lung; Lymphatic metastasis; Mediastinal lymph nodes; Neoplasm metastasis;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Cerfolio RJ, Bryant AS, Eloubeidi MA. Accessing the aortopulmonary window (#5) and the paraaortic (#6) lymph nodes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2007;84:940-5   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Yoshino I, Yokoyama H, Yano T, et al. Skip metastasis to the mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 1996;62:1021-5   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Passlick B, Kubuschock B, Sienel W, Thetter O, Pantel K, Izbicki JR. Mediastinal lymphadenectomy in non-small cell lung cancer: effectiveness in patients with or without nodal micrometastases - results of a preliminary study. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2002;21:520-6   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Riquet M, Hidden G, Debesse B. Direct lymphatic drainage of lung segments to the mediastinal nodes. an anatomic study on 260 adults. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1989;97: 623-32   PUBMED
5 Nomori H, Iwatani K, Kobayashi H, Mori A, Yoshioka S. Omission of mediastinal lymph node dissection in lung cancer: its techniques and diagnostic procedures. Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006;12:83-8   PUBMED
6 Brambilla E, Travis WD, Colby TV, Corrin B, Shimosato Y. The new world health organization classification of lung tumours. Eur Respir J 2001;18:1059-68   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Riquet M, Assouad J, Bagan P, et al. Skip mediastinal lymph node metastasis and lung cancer: a particular N2 subgroup with a better prognosis. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;79:225-33   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Mountain CF, Dresler CM. Regional lymph node classification for lung cancer staging. Chest 1997;111:1718-23   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Yoshimasu T, Miyoshi S, Oura S, Hirai I, Kokawa Y, Okamura Y. Limited mediastinal lymph node dissection for non-small cell lung cancer according to intraoperative histologic examinations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130: 433-7   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Sioris T, Jarvenpaa R, Kuukasjarvi P, Helin H, Saarelainen S, Tarkka M. Comparison of computed tomography and systematic lymph node dissection in determining TNM and stage in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2003;23:403-8   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Keller SM, Adak S, Wagner H, Johnson DH. Mediastinal lymph node dissection improves survival in patients with stage II and IIIa non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2000;70:358-65
12 Okada M, Tsubota N, Yoshimura M, Miyamoto Y, Matsuoka H. Prognosis of completely resected pN2 non- small cell lung carcinomas: what is the significant node that affects survival? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:270-5   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Prenzel KL, Monig SP, Sinning JM, et al. Role of skip metastasis to mediastinal lymph nodes in non-small cell lung cancer. J Surg Oncol 2003;82:256-60   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Suzuki K, Kusumoto M, Watanabe S, Tsuchiya R, Asamura H. Radiologic classification of small adenocarcinoma of the lung: radiologic-pathologic correlation and its prognostic impact. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:413-9   DOI   ScienceOn
15 D'Cunha J, Herndon JE 2nd, Herzan DL, et al. Poor correspondence between clinical and pathologic staging in stage 1 non-small cell lung cancer: results from CALGB 9761, a prospective trial. Lung Cancer 2005;48:241-6   DOI   ScienceOn
16 Morishita Y, Fukasawa M, Takeuchi M, Inadome Y, Matsuno Y, Noguchi M. Small-sized adenocarcinoma of the lung. Cytologic characteristics and clinical behavior. Cancer 2001;93:124-31   DOI   PUBMED
17 Naruke T, Tsuchiya R, Kondo H, Nakayama H, Asamura H. Lymph node sampling in lung cancer: how should it be done? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16 Suppl 1:S17-24   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Kotoulas CS. Foroulis CN, Kostikas K, et al. Involvement of lymphatic metastatic spread in non-small cell lung cancer accordingly to the primary cancer location. Lung Cancer 2004;44:183-91   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Okada M, Sakamoto T, Yuki T, Mimura T, Miyoshi K, Tsubota N. Selective mediastinal lymphadenectomy for clinico-surgical stage I non-small cell lung cancer. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81:1028-32   DOI   ScienceOn