• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.25-29
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• 2021

초박형 라이트필드 카메라 시스템은 이미지 센서 위에 렌즈 어레이를 부착하는 방식으로 만들어진다. 이러한 초박형 라이트필드 카메라는 하나의 이미지 센서를 여러 개의 sub-aperture가 나눠쓰는 방식으로 되어있어 개별 이미지의 분해능이 낮으며, sub-aperture 이미지들을 융합해 추가적인 분해능 향상이 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 초박형 라이트필드 카메라 시스템을 개발했으며, 개발된 카메라 시스템을 위한 실시간 분해능 향상 알고리즘을 개발, 실험을 통해 검증했다. 개발된 초박형 라이트필드 카메라는 두께 2mm, 24개(6×4)의 551×551 해상도의 sub-aperture로 구성되어 있으며, 임베디드 컴퓨팅 보드를 사용해 휴대가 가능하도록 제작되었다. 실시간 분해능 향상 알고리즘은 임베디드 컴퓨팅 보드의 GPU에서 병렬처리를 통해 라플라시안 피라미드 기반의 이미지 융합 알고리즘을 수행한다. 실험을 통해 검증한 결과로, 개발 시스템은 MTF50값이 평균 35% 정도 개선되었으며, 10.65fps의 처리속도로 실시간 처리가 가능함을 확인했다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 2021

In this paper, a study of the design of automotive communication lamps using microlens arrays (MLAs) was conducted. With the development of autonomous driving technology, automobiles need communication lamps to communicate with pedestrians. To reduce the size of the optical system and secure high light intensity, the communication lamp's optical system was designed using an MLA. In addition, to secure a clear image on inclined ground, the design was carried out considering the overlap method. After that, the improved performance was confirmed by comparing it to the MLA optical system before overlapping.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2016

유기발광소자는 저전력, 빠른 응답속도, 고휘도 및 자체발광 등의 장점들 때문에 고체 광원과 플렉서블 디스플레이로 연구가 진행되고 있다. 유기발광소자는 유기 발광층을 인광물질로 사용 함으로서 100 % 내부양자 효율을 이루고 있지만 공기와 유리기판의 계면과 유리 기판과 ITO 계면에서 발생하는 내부 전반사 효과와 유기물과 ITO 기판 사이에서 발생하는 웨이브 가이드 효과 등으로 인해 발광량의 약 20 %만을 외부로 추출 할 수 있다. 따라서 유기발광소자의 광 추출 효과를 증가시키기 위해서 소자외부에 아웃커플링 필름 또는 마이크로렌즈 어레이 필름을 부착시키는 방법, 금속 나노 입자를 유기발광소자 내에 삽입하여 표면 플라즈몬 효과로 인한 광추출 효율을 높이는 방법 등이 제시되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Au-ZnO 나노복합체를 간단한 졸겔법을 이용하여 양극 버퍼층으로 사용하여 그에 따른 계면, 전기적 및 광학적 특성을 분석하였다. Au-ZnO 나노복합체를 포함한 tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminium (Alq3) 발광층에서 ZnO를 포함한 Alq3 발광층보다 엑시톤 수명이 빠르게 감소하는 것을 시간 관련 단광자 계산(Time-Correlated Single Photon Counting) 측정을 통해서 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 Au 금속 나노입자의 플라즈몬 흡수 파장과 Alq3 발광층에서 생성되는 발광 파장이 겹쳐서 효과적인 공명 에너지 전달효과로 인해 Alq3 발광층의 발광성질이 향상된 것을 의미한다. Au-ZnO 나노복합체와 ZnO 나노입자를 가지는 유기발광소자의 전류 효율은 50 mA/cm2 에서 각각 2.27와 1.83 cd/A 가지는 것으로 확인 되었다. 또한 Au-ZnO 나노복합체와 ZnO 나노입자를 사용한 유기발광소자의 전압-전류밀도가 유사한 것을 확인 할 수 있는데 이는 Au 금속 나노입자가 ZnO 나노입자의 정공 주입능력을 저하시키지 않는 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.307-311
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• 2014

Because of a waveguiding effect and total internal reflection caused by a difference in refractive indices, only 20% of generated light is emitted to the air and the rest is trapped or absorbed in the device. An improvement of outcoupled efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes was studied using a microlens array. Mold of microlens array was fabricated by using photo-lithography with the AZ9260 photoresist, and the microlens array was formed onto the glass substrate using the UV curing agent named ZPU13-440. Device structure consists of microlens/glass/ITO/TPD/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al. It was found that there is an improvement of external quantum efficiency by about 20% at the same current density for the device with the microlens array compared to that of the reference one. Simulated outcoupled efficiency shows the improvement by about 20% for the device with the microlens array compared to that of the reference one. These results are consistent with the experimental ones.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.979-983
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• 2013

The three-dimensional measurement method of confocal systems is a spot scanning method which has a high resolution and good illumination efficiency. However, conventional confocal systems had a weak point in that it has to perform XY axis scanning to achieve FOV (Field of View) vision through spot scanning. There are some methods to improve this problem involving the use of a galvano mirror [1], pin-hole array, etc. Therefore, in this paper we propose a method to improve a parallel mode confocal system using a micro-lens and pin-hole array in a dual microscope configuration. We made an area scan possible by using a combination MLA (Micro Lens Array) and pin-hole array, and used an objective lens to improve the light transmittance and signal-to-noise ratio. Additionally, we made it possible to change the objective lens so that it is possible to select a lens considering the reflection characteristic of the measuring object and proper magnification. We did an experiment using 5X, 2.3X objective lens, and did a calibration of height using a VLSI calibration target.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1604-1611
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• 2020

Light field image captured by a microlens array-based camera has many limitations in practical use due to its low spatial resolution and angular resolution. High spatial resolution images can be easily acquired with a single image super-resolution technique that has been studied a lot recently. But there is a problem in that high angular resolution images are distorted in the process of using disparity information inherent among images, and thus it is difficult to obtain a high-quality angular resolution image. In this paper, we propose light field angular super-resolution that extracts an initial feature map using an dilated convolutional neural network in order to effectively extract the view difference information inherent among images and generates target image using a residual neural network. The proposed network showed superior performance in PSNR and subjective image quality compared to existing angular super-resolution networks.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2022

By an aid of needle coating, we have fabricated a spherical microlens array using poly(methyl methacrylate) for potential applications in light extraction of organic light-emitting diodes. With an attempt to achieve high-density and high-aspect-ratio microlens arrays, we have investigated the coating behaviors by varying the material parameters such as the solute concentration and wettability of the poly(methyl methacrylate) solution and process parameters such as the dwell time of needle near the substrate, retract distance of needle from the substrate, and coating gap between the needle and substrate. Under the optimized coating conditions, it is demonstrated that high-aspect-ratio microlens arrays can be obtained using a coating solution with high solute concentration and a small amount of a hydrophobic solvent. It is found that the diameter and height of microlens array are decreased with increasing poly(methyl methacrylate) concentration, yet the overall aspect ratio is rather enhanced. By the addition of 5 wt% hexylamine in 35 wt% poly(methyl methacrylate) solution, we have achieved a spherical microlens with the height of 7.7 ㎛ and the width of 94.24 ㎛ (the aspect ratio of 0.082). To estimate the capability of light extraction by the microlens array, we have performed ray tracing simulations and demonstrated that the light extraction efficiency of organic light-emitting diode is expected to be enhanced up to 24%.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.465-469
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• 2003

Microlens arrays were fabricated using a novel fabrication technology based on the exposure of a PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) sheet to deep X-rays and subsequent thermal treatment. X-ray irradiation causes the decrease of molecular weight of PMMA, which in turn decreases the glass transition temperature and consequently causes a net volume increase during the thermal cycle resulting in a swollen microlens. A new physical modeling and analyses for microlens formation were presented according to experimental procedure. A simple analysis based on the new model is found to be capable of predicting the shapes of microlens which depend on the thermal treatment. For the replication of microlens arrays having various diameters with different foci on the same surface, the hot embossing and the microinjection molding processes has been successfully utilized with a mold insert that is fabricated by Ni-electroplating based on a PMMA microstructure of microlenses. Fabricated microlenses showed good surface roughness with the order of 1 nm.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.7
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• pp.138-143
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• 2016

The designed and fabricated millimeter-wave security screening system receives radiation energy from an object and a human body. The imaging system consist of sixteen array antennas, sixteen four-stage LNAs, sixteen detectors, an infrared camera, a CCD camera, reflector, and a focusing lens. This system requires high sensitivity and wide bandwidth to detect the input thermal noise. The LNA module of the system has been measured to have 65.8 dB in average linear gain and 82 GHz~102 GHz in bandwidth to enhance the sensitivity for thermal noise, and to receive it over a wide bandwidth. The detector is used for direct current (DC) output translation of millimeter-wave signals with a zero bias Schottky diode. The lens and front-end of the millimeter-wave sensor are important in the system to detect the input thermal noise signal. The frequency range in the receiving sensitivity of the detectors was 350 to 400 mV/mW at 0 dBm (1 mW) input power. The developed W-band imaging system is effective for detecting and identifying concealed objects such as metal or plastic.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2009

A novel method for the reconstruction of 3D shape and texture from elemental images has been proposed. Using this method, we can estimate a full 3D polygonal model of objects with seamless triangulation. But in the triangulation process, all the objects are stitched. This generates phantom surfaces that bridge depth discontinuities between different objects. To solve this problem we need to connect points only within a single object. We adopt a segmentation process to this end. The entire process of the proposed method is as follows. First, the central pixel of each elemental image is computed to extract spatial position of objects by correspondence analysis. Second, the object points of central pixels from neighboring elemental images are projected onto a specific elemental image. Then, the center sub-image is segmented and each object is labeled. We used the normalized cut algorithm for segmentation of the center sub-image. To enhance the speed of segmentation we applied the watershed algorithm before the normalized cut. Using the segmentation results, the subdivision process is applied to pixels only within the same objects. The refined grid is filtered with median and Gaussian filters to improve reconstruction quality. Finally, each vertex is connected and an object-based triangular mesh is formed. We conducted experiments using real objects and verified our proposed method.