• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-15
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• 2020

In the process of visualizing a point set representing a smooth manifold surface, global illumination techniques can be used to render a realistic scene with various effects of lighting. Thanks to the continuous demand for ray tracing and the development of graphics hardware, dedicated GPUs and programmable pipeline for ray tracing have been introduced in recent years. In this paper, real-time global illumination rendering is studied for a point-set model using ray-tracing GPUs. We apply the moving least-squares (MLS) method to approximate the point set to a smooth implicit surface and render it using global illumination by performing massive ray-intersection tests with the surface and generating shading effects at the intersection point. As a result, a complicated point-set scene consisting of more than 0.5M points can be generated in real-time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.1645-1648
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• 2005

PC 그래픽스 하드웨어의 급격한 발전에 따라 슈퍼컴퓨터 또는 여러 대의 컴퓨터를 이용한 병렬/분산 처리로나 가능하였던 실시간 볼륨 렌더링을 한대의 일반 PC에서 수행하려는 시도가 계속되고 있다. PC 그래픽스 하드웨어의 꼭지점 및 픽셀 쉐이더는 수치 계산에 최적화된 벡터 연산으로 빠른 볼륨 렌더링을 가능하게 하였을 뿐만 아니라 기존의 고정된 그래픽스 파이프라인에서 벗어나 사용자가 렌더링 과정에 개입하여 프로그래밍을 할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 그래픽스 하드웨어의 프로그래밍 기능 중 텍스쳐 좌표의 조작을 이용하여 다양한 종류의 볼륨 데이터를 빠르게 렌더링하고 픽셀 쉐이더의 여러 기능들을 이용하여 퐁 쉐이딩 연산, 이른 깊이 테스트, 팔진트리 텍스쳐등을 구현하여 고품질 영상을 실시간으로 얻고자 하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.123-131
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• 2020

This study proposes a real-time rendering algorithm for lighting when each of more than 100,000 moving particles exists as a light source. Two 3D textures are used to dynamically determine the range of influence of each light, and the first 3D texture has light color and the second 3D texture has light direction information. Each frame goes through two steps. The first step is to update the particle information required for 3D texture initialization and rendering based on the Compute shader. Convert the particle position to the sampling coordinates of the 3D texture, and based on this coordinate, update the colour sum of the particle lights affecting the corresponding voxels for the first 3D texture and the sum of the directional vectors from the corresponding voxels to the particle lights for the second 3D texture. The second stage operates on a general rendering pipeline. Based on the polygon world position to be rendered first, the exact sampling coordinates of the 3D texture updated in the first step are calculated. Since the sample coordinates correspond 1:1 to the size of the 3D texture and the size of the game world, use the world coordinates of the pixel as the sampling coordinates. Lighting process is carried out based on the color of the sampled pixel and the direction vector of the light. The 3D texture corresponds 1:1 to the actual game world and assumes a minimum unit of 1m, but in areas smaller than 1m, problems such as stairs caused by resolution restrictions occur. Interpolation and super sampling are performed during texture sampling to improve these problems. Measurements of the time taken to render a frame showed that 146 ms was spent on the forward lighting pipeline, 46 ms on the defered lighting pipeline when the number of particles was 262144, and 214 ms on the forward lighting pipeline and 104 ms on the deferred lighting pipeline when the number of particle lights was 1,024766.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.55-61
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• 2006

Graphics rendering pipeline (application, geometry, and rasterizer) is the core of real-time graphics which is the most important functionality for computer games. Usually this rendering process is completed by both the CPU and the GPU, and a bottleneck can be located either in the CPU or the GPU. This paper focuses on reducing the bottleneck between the CPU and the GPU. We are proposing a method for improving the performance of parallel processing for real-time graphics rendering by separating the CPU operations (usually performed using a thread) into two parts: pure CPU operations and operations related to the GPU, and let them operate in parallel. This allows for maximizing the parallelism in processing the communication between the CPU and the GPU. Some experiments lead us to confirm that our method proposed in this paper can allow for faster graphics rendering. In addition to our method of using a dedicated thread for GPU related operations, we are also proposing an algorithm for balancing the graphics pipeline using the idle time due to the bottleneck. We have implemented the two methods proposed in this paper in our networked 3D game engine and verified that our methods are effective in real systems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.10a
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• pp.148-152
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• 2006

가상공간의 시각적 렌더링에 있어서 카메라의 위치와 방향에 따라서 현재 보여지고 있는 장면의 복잡도가 달라지게 된다. 단순한 장면과 복잡한 장면이 혼합되어있는 경우에 렌더링의 프레임율이 크게 달라지게 되어서 사용자의 가상공간의 항해에 대한 카메라 이동 시에 끊김 현상이 느껴지게 된다. 본 논문에서는 장면이 복잡도에 크게 의존되지 않으면서 지속적으로 안정된 프레임율을 보장할 수 있는 기여도 컬링 기법을 제시한다. 컬링 기술은 복잡한 장면의 빠른 렌더링을 위해 필수적으로 사용되어왔다. 자연스럽고 빠른 렌더링을 위해 본 논문에서는 이미지 공간에서 모든 객체에 대한 바운딩 사각형의 넓이를 빠르게 계산한다. 영상 영역에서의 계산된 넓이가 작은 객체들을 프레임율을 만족시키도록 렌더링 파이프라인에서 제외시킨다. 전체적으로 기여도가 높은 객체들은 최대한 포함시키기 때문에 렌더링의 질을 보장한다. 복잡한 환경에서의 기여도가 작은 많은 객체들을 배제시킴으로써 속도를 향상시킨다. 실제 대도시의 일정 영역에 제안한 기법을 적용하여 본 결과, 복잡한 장면들이 질적인 저하 없이 균일하고 빠른 렌더링을 보장한다는 것을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.307-312
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• 2017

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new type of RGB lighting pipeline that can save time in animation production. After identifying the problems of the current method, the researchers studied 8 steps through new methods and comparative analysis. A method of implementing a graphic image lighting effect by the RGB lighting pipeline according to the current method is to create a render layer for each light set and a set of digital light separated by texture, Three types of written information can be stored in one layer and graphic image, and the accuracy and precision of color correction can be improved. Through this study, we propose the new and improved RGB lighting pipeline according to the characteristics of the work and the industries.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.971-979
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• 2018

Currently, Virtual Reality video content is rapidly increasing in number of users due to the rapid growth of related hardware and software. Accordingly, Virtual Reality animation is also being produced in a new form by rapidly integrating with Virtual Reality technology among video contents. Currently, research on Virtual Reality animation has focused on how films are produced and how they are directed, and no research has been done to organize the pipeline for efficient VR animation production. Therefore, this study drew the characteristics of the pre-render VR animation pipeline by comparing it with the production pipeline of the existing 3D animation to produce the VR animation efficiently. Through this, we presented organic integration of production and post production processes suitable for the production of VR animations and reduced rendering time using Render Pass for efficient production.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-76
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• 2008

This paper presents a novel rendering algorithm based on sperical coordinate representation of the object. The vertices of the object are transformed into the sperical coordinate system, and we construct additional maps: the centroid and index of the triangle, the memory access table. While OpenGL rendering pipeline touches all vertices of an object, the proposed method takes account of the only visible vertices by examining the visible triangles of the object. Simulation results demonstrated that the proposed method achieve an efficient rendering performace.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2022

Image production using three-dimensional (3D) programs undergoes a process called rendering to visualize 3D data. Because this process is time-consuming and costly, the reduction of rendering cost has emerged as an important problem that requires resolution. This work aims to overcome the limitations of the current 3D image production pipeline and propose a method for reducing the production time by adopting a game engine for real-time rendering. In the experiment conducted in this study, rendering using Maya (a 3D production program) and Unity were compared and analyzed. The analysis results indicate that Unity enables rendering in real time; consequently, the rendering cost is reduced. Moreover, the quality of the rendered image is similar to that produced by Maya. The proposed technique involves reducing the render time and providing guidance through access to a real-time rendering engine.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.105-113
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• 2004

This paper proposes 3D graphics accelerator, especially rendering unit, for portable devices. The existing 3D architecture is not suitable for portable devices because of its huge size. To reduce the size, we use iterative architecture and fixed-point calculation. In this paper, we suggest the format of fixed-point comparing with the result images, and some special technique to control. Finally, it is implemented with FPGA and 0.25um ASIC technology respectively. The ASIC chip can execute 47.88M pixels per second. The size of ASIC chip is 4.9287mm*4.9847mm and the power consumption is 263.7mW with 50MHz operation frequency.