• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.350-358
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• 2012

This paper deals with accuracy of accumulated fatigue damage estimation using stochastic fatigue analysis method based on Rayleigh PDF. From full scale measurement data on an 8100TEU container vessel, zero-order spectral moments for wave- and vibration-induced energy spectral densities are determined on the probability level of 99%. 80 simulation cases in total are prepared according to the variation of ratio of zero-order spectral moments and center frequency of vibration ESD. By using inverse Fourier transformation and rainflow cycle counting for the combined ESD of wave and vibration, exact fatigue damages are derived. Fatigue damages in frequency domain based on Rayleigh PDF show large conservativeness compared to exact fatigue damages in times domain. The main cause of the excessive conservativeness is analyzed by two aspects: ratio of zero crossing and peak frequencies and ratio of initial zero order spectral moments and zero order spectral moments from rainflow stress range distributions. Finally, a guideline of applicability of Rayleigh PDF is proposed for wide band processes.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.11A
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• pp.1053-1062
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• 2008

This paper provides a general and compact expression for the probability density function (pdf) and the moment-generating function (MGF) of the maximal ratio combiner output over Rayleigh fading channels. It is then used to derive closed form expression bit error rate (BER) for M-PSK, M-PAM and M-QAM, respectively. A variety of simulations is performed and shows that they match exactly with analytic ones.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.1-6
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• 2011

In this paper, another analytical approach for dual-hop amplify-and-forward(AF) relay systems is proposed over Rayleigh fading channels. Previous approaches derived the moment generating function(MGF) by using the cumulative distribution function(CDF) or probability density function(PDF) of the received signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) for source-relay-destination(S-R-D) link. Then, the average symbol error rate is expressed based on derived MGFs. In this paper, another new approach is proposed. It means that the MGF is directly derived by utilizing PDFs of both source-relay(S-R) and relay-destination(R-D) links. Additionary, the newly derived MGF is compared and analyzed with previous ones. Furthermore, simulation results are presented to validate the accuracy of proposed analytical expression. Based on this, it is confirmed that the proposed analytical approach can be a another solution for dual-hop AF relay systems.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.188-193
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• 2011

In this letter, we have derived another exact performance analysis for the OADF(opportunistic adaptive decode-and-forward) relay systems over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on error-events at relay nodes, the received instantaneous SNR(signal-to-noise ratio) is presented and its PDF(probability density function) is expressed as a more tractable form in which the number of summations and the length of each summation are specified. Then, exact average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity are obtained as general forms. Simulation results are finally presented to validate that the proposed analytical expressions can be a unified frame work covering all Rayleigh fading channel conditions. Furthermore, it is confirmed that OADF schemes can outperform the other schemes on the average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38A no.7
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• pp.552-559
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• 2013

In this paper, the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system with a precoder is considered in the transmit-correlated Rayleigh channels. We specifically target the MIMO system employing the minimum mean square error receivers. Based on random matrix theory, we first present a direct and generalized formulation for deriving a probability density function (PDF) of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Then, we derive the accurate closed-form SINR PDFs for a small number of transmit and receive antennas. Based on the SINR PDFs, tight closed-form approximations of the symbol error rate (SER) are derived. Our analysis suggests that the SER approximations can be used to accurately estimate the error probabilities or as a useful tool for the system design.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.815-821
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• 1994

Short-term fading in a mobile radio channel is mainly caused by multipath reflected wave by local scatterers or natural obstacles surrounding a mobile unit. In this paper, we analyze probability density function(PDF), level crossing rate(LCR) and widths and depths of fades for the measured field strength data in Seoul and Daejeon areas. As a result, the satatistical distribution of signal variations within any small area with the constant mean value becomes the Rayleigh distribution The variation of fade depths is small regardless of the environment such as urban, suburban. etc. However, the variation of fade widths is large with the change of circumstantial structures and environment. the maximum level crossing rate is obtained near the mean value.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.100-109
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• 2001

The backscattered sound energy by fish depends on size and physical structure and, most important, on the presence or absence of a swimbladder. Target strength experiments of red seabream (Pagrus major) were conducted by using 38 (split-beam), 120 (split-beam) and 200 kHz (dual-beam) frequencies with live fishes confined in a net-cage and free swimming in tank without the cage, respectively. For 38, 120, and 200 kHz frequencies, target strength equations are expressed as a function of fish length：TS/sub 38kHz/=20 log/sub 1o(l)/-66.41, TS/sub 120kHz/＝20 log/sub 1o(1)/-71.80, and TS/sub 200kHz/＝20 log/sub 1o(1)/-73.94. To test the acoustic models by using Helmholtz-Kirchhoff ray approximation, predictions of target strength based on swimbladder morphometries are compared with target strength measurements. The target strength of whole fish depends on variations in swimbladder morphology than fish body morphology. In the mean time, when the fish is confined in the net cage, scattering length by the backscattered signal matched with the Gaussian PDF, while under the free-swimming condition, scattering length is close to the Rayleigh PDF.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.16-19
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 송신국과 릴레이에서의 오류확률을 고려한 복호 후 전달 릴레이(DF: Decoded and Forward) 시스템에 대하여 정확한 비트 오류율 분석을 수행하고자 한다. 성능 분석에서는 복호 후 전달 릴레이 시스템의 노드들 간의 채널을 상호 독립적인 레일리 페이딩 채널로 가정하고 변조 방식으로는 BPSK(Binary Phase Shift Keying)를 사용한다. 우선, 정확한 평균 오류율 분석을 위하여 송신국-수신국 링크와 릴레이-수신국 링크 결합시 릴레이노드의 복호결과 오류 유무에 따라 수신 SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio)을 각각 유도하고 복호결과가 오류일 때 수신 SNR이 양수인 경우와 음수인 경우를 고려하여 그에 대한 PDF(Probability Density Function)를 계산한다. 그리고 각각의 경우에 대한 평균 오류율을 유도하였다. 또한 모의실험 결과와의 비교를 통하여 제안된 성능 분석 기법의 정확성을 검증하였다.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.155-156
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• 2008

This paper provides a general and compact expression for the probability density function (pdf) and the moment-generating function (MGF) of the maximal ratio combiner output over Rayleigh fading channels. It is then used to derive closed form expression outage probability for repetition code problem. A variety of simulations is performed and shows that they match exactly with analytic ones.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2011

In this letter, another analytical approach for the opportunistic amplify-and-forward (OAF) relay systems is proposed over Rayleigh fading channels. Based on set-operation at the selected relay node, its selection probability as the best relay is derived and then, the probability density function (PDF) of the received instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is expressed as a more tractable form in which the number of summations and the length of each summation are specified. Then, the average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity are obtained as approximated closed-forms. Simulation results are finally presented to validate that the proposed analytical expressions can be a unified frame work covering all Rayleigh fading channel conditions. Furthermore, it is confirmed that OAF schemes can outperform the other non-selective schemes on the average error rate, outage probability, and average channel capacity.