• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.311-329
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• 2015

This study examined the influences of children's playfulness and teacher-child interactions on their peer interactions, and investigated whether teacher-child interactions had any moderating effects upon the relation between child playfulness and peer interactions. The participants of this study were 240 children in fourth year classes in child care centers in Seoul and Gyoung-gi province and 24 of their teachers. In order to measure the research variables, the Korean version of PIPPS(Pen Interaction Peer Play Scale) by Choi and Shin(2008), the Children's Playfulness Scale(Barnett, 1991), and the modified version of the Caregiver Interaction Scale(Arnett, 1989) were used. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statics, Pearson's correlations, and hierarchical regression analysis. The results indicated that children's playfulness and teacher-child interactions had significant effects on their peer interactions. Especially, the teacher-child interactions were related to the play disruption and the play disconnection of peer interactions. In addition, teacher-child interactions moderated the effect of children's social spontaneity(children's playfulness) on their play disconnection(peer interactions). The results have some implications for the role of teacher-child interactions in peer play interactions and a range of prevention efforts.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.249-267
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• 2021

This study examined how social withdrawal as an individual factor and discrimination as a contextual factor contributed to depression caused by peer victimization among middle school students. Self-reported data of 1,611 students from 86 classrooms in 7 middle schools was analyzed, using multilevel path analysis. The results indicate that peer victimization had a significant partial mediating effect on the relation between social withdrawal and depression at the individual level. Social withdrawal had a direct positive effect on depression as well as an indirect positive effect on depression via high levels of peer victimization. Discrimination also positively predicted peer victimization at the classroom level. Moreover, classroom-level discrimination moderated the individual-level relations between social withdrawal and peer victimization. The relation between social withdrawal and peer victimization was much stronger as the levels of discrimination in the classroom were higher. These findings shed light on the importance of considering both individual and contextual factors when intervening to prevent peer victimization.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.217-236
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether preschoolers' peer interaction type and level differ depending on pair compositon and task type. Preschoolers' peer interaction type and level were compared among three kinds of pair compositions(with a Younger peer, with a same-age peer, and with an older peer) as well as between two types of tasks(tasks involving real objects, and tasks involving pictures). Subjects were seventy-eight four-year-old children recruited from six child-care centers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The preschoolers were randomly assigned to one of the three kinds of pair compositions. Interaction processes of the pairs were recorded by a video camera, and the scenes were transcribed for content analyses. The traniscribed peer interactions were coded according to the categories that the researcher had generated. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, repeated measures ANOVA, paired t-tests, one-way ANOVA. Major findings of this study were as follows: There were significant differences preschoolers' in interaction type depending on the pair compositions and the types of tasks. The preschoolers paired with the older peer used abstract collaborative explanations more frequently than in two other types of pair composition. The preschoolers paired with the younger peer used explanations without collaboration and parallel behaviors more frequently than in two other types of pair composition.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.77-105
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• 2024

This study explored whether story-based interactive music activities improve play interactions between children with developmental disabilities (DD) and typically developing (TD) children at an integrated daycare center, and whether these activities influence TD children's attitudes towards their DD peers. The participants included six children with DD, aged 3-5 years, and 21 TD peers. They attended 10 sessions, each 30 minutes, twice a week. Play interactions were observed during free play after each session, and TD children's attitudes towards peers with DD were assessed before and after the intervention. The results showed that children with TD and DD in the integrated group showed significantly reduced disengagement, with notable improvements in joint action for TD children and joint attention for DD children. However, there were no significant changes in peer acceptance among TD children in the integrated group while there was a significant decrease in the non-integrated group. This study highlights that story-based interactive music activities effectively enhance interactions between TD and DD children. However, the limited impact on peer acceptance suggests the need for more long-term and systematic interventions, considering the children's developmental levels. The study also emphasizes the importance of tailored approaches that address the individual needs of both TD and DD children, providing valuable insights into the direction of systematic interventions at a time when the importance of social integration is increasingly recognized.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.193-207
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• 1998

이 연구의 목적은 아동의 연령과 성에 따른 아동의 역량지각 발달의 경향을 조사하고, 연령, 성을 포함한 가정환경과 또래 환경의 변수들의 역량지각에 미치는 영향을 구조평형 모델을 통해 알아 보았다. 또한, 이러한 역량지각의 발달 성향을 서구 문화권과 비교하여, 역량지각발달의 문화적 보편성이나 차이점을 알아 보고자 하였다. 유아, 또는 초등학교 저학년 아동은 면접으로, 그리고 3학년이상은 설문지를 사용하였다. 조사 대상은 유아, 초등학교 1, 3, 5학년, 중학교 1학년 아동 750명과 그들의 어머니이다. 인지, 사회, 신체 영역에서 모두 역량지각은 연령이 증가할수록 낮아졌다. 인지, 신체 영역의 역량지각에선 연령과 성의 상호작용효과가 나타났다. 그러나, 서구 문화권의 연구에서는 이러한 상호작용이 발견되지 않는다. 역량지각의 공변량구조모형에서는 또래환경 변수가 모두 포함시키기에 부적합한 변수로 나타났고, 연령, 성과 가족의 수입, 아버지의 교육수준, 가정의 물리적 환경, 부모의 정서적 지지가 아동의 역량지각에 의미 있게 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국정보교육학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.01a
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• pp.173-180
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• 2007

최근 모바일 기기의 활성화에 따라 M-learning (Mobile learning)이 활성화되고 있다. M-learning을 기반으로 한 코스웨어나 모듈 설계 시 학습자의 적극적 참여와 의미 있는 상호작용의 기회 제공과 실제적 환경에서의 교육활동을 지원하는 것에 초점을 맞추어야 한다. 근접발달영역이론 (Zone of Proximal Development : ZPD)이란 독자적으로 문제를 해결함으로써 결정되는 실제적 발달수준과 성인의 안내나 보다 능력 있는 또래들과 협동하여 문제를 해결함으로써 결정되는 잠재적 발달수준간의 거리이다. 한편, 스캐폴딩은 학습자의 근접발달영역을 변화시키며, 학습자가 스스로 학습할 수 있도록 도와주는 구체적인 방식이라 할 수 있다. 또한 스캐폴딩 (Scaffolding)은 학습자가 구조를 조직하고 새로운 지식을 구성하도록 교수자 또는 촉진자가 도와주면서 교수자와 학습자간에 상호작용하는 과정이다. 본 연구에서는 근접발달영역이론을 이용하여 모바일로 교사가 학습자에게 스캐폴딩을 제공하는 수업모형을 제안한다. 본 모형의 특징은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문제해결을 위한 스캐폴딩만이 아니라 문제 해결 후 격려 스캐폴딩을 제공하여 학습력 강화가 이뤄지도록 하였다. 둘째, 교사와 학습자 사이에 다양한 스캐폴딩을 제공하여 상호작용을 강화하였다. 셋째, 자신에게 맞는 개별학습, 반복 학습이 가능하고 자기 주도적 학습이 강화되도록 하였다.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.27-53
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• 2022

The purpose of this case study was to construct a social context-based musical play program for children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) and to examine its applicability in improving the social skills of the children. The participants were a group of three children with high-functioning ASD with an average age of 9 years. The children participated as a group in 40-minute sessions that were implemented twice a week for 8 weeks. The children's social communication behaviors were observed during the sessions and analyzed in terms of sharing and exchanging their ideas and voluntarily interacting with peers and an adult (i.e., the researcher). The Social Skills Rating System (SSRS) was completed by the teachers of participants before and after the intervention. For all three participants, the occurrence of behaviors to exchange their ideas with peers and voluntarily interacting with an adult increased following the intervention. However, there were individual differences between the participants in terms of changes in each target behavior depending on their level of language and social skill development. These results suggest that social context-based musical play program may produce positive changes in voluntary communication with peers and play a significant role in expanding the scope of interventions that target the social communication of children with ASD.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-140
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics of children's interactive learning focusing on the Vygotsky's ZPD (the zone of proximal development) in a natural history museum as a representative free-choice learning context. We focused on the understanding of peer dyadic discourses and data were collected from 13 peer groups of children (3rd and 4th graders) who were videotaped all conversations occurred as they visited around the exhibits with no predetermined path. The transcribed data were analyzed by the developmental level of ZPD system and the discourse within an ADL (an actual developmental level) was overwhelmingly common in the conversations between child-child dyads. The representative discourse by discourse types were parsed according to three constructs of ZPD. Children formed the intersubjectivity through semiotic mediation such as conversations and exhibits and ended up with the similar situation definition. In conclusion, the details of discourses of the most impressive dyad were looked into focusing on the scientific concept. The study implies that a natural history museum becomes a meaningful resource to offer a deeper understanding of the nature of children's learning as an informal learning setting.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.139-148
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• 2021

This study aimed to verify how a multisensory storytelling-based activity-based intervention affects social interaction in children with cerebral palsy. As a quasi-experimental investigation, this study used a single-blind, two-group pre-post test design. This study comprised 24 children aged 7 to 8 y who had been diagnosed with spastic cerebral palsy and were classified as having GMFCS stages I to III. Twelve children were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, with neither the children nor their guardians knowing which group they were placed in. The group program comprised 16 sessions of 60 min each, twice a week for eight weeks. The experimental group engaged in an activity-centered intervention centered on multisensory storytelling, whereas the control group engaged in structured physical activity. The activities were assessed using the peer relations skills scale to determine the extent to which social interaction had changed prior to and during the child's intervention. The SPSS 25.0 for Windows (IBM Corp, USA) application was used to analyze the data, and the significance level (α) for statistical verification was set to 0.05. Furthermore, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess the differences in social interaction between the experimental and control groups. Significant differences were observed in the total of the peer relationship skill scale and cooperation and empathy areas of the subtest in the intragroup change of the peer relationship skill scale between the experimental and control groups. However, the experimental group demonstrated a significant difference in the initiative area, whereas the control group demonstrated no significant difference. A significant difference was observed in the amount of change between the two groups in the initiative area and total of the subtest of peer relationship skills but no significant difference in the collaboration and empathy areas. We gave a multisensory storytelling-based activity-based intervention based on multisensory storytelling to children with cerebral palsy and saw a significant improvement in peer relationship skills. It may be proposed as an effective intervention strategy for children with cerebral palsy who struggle with social contact.

• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.893-896
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• 2003

기존의 멀티 프로그램이나 환경에 관한 인터넷 사이트의 환경교육 자료들이 초등학교의 또래 문화에 부합하지 않는 내용이 상당히 많이 수반되어 일선 학교에서 적용하는데 나름대로의 고충이 있었다. 이런 점을 고려하여 학습자 중심의 흥미와 놀이, 가상 실습 중심의 멀티미디어 프로그램을 설계하기로 하였다. 본 연구에서 지향할 멀티미디어 프로그램의 특징은 환경교육 영역 중 초등학교 저학년의 교육과정을 감안하여 그 수준에 맞도록 내용을 함축하여 구성주의 이론에 따른 상호작용을 강화하고 상호작용 기법을 활용하여 문제해결학습 형태로 프로그램이 전개된다는 점이다. 또한 학습자 스스로 자기 주도적 학습을 할 수 있게 될 것이고, 컴퓨터를 통하여 가상의 문제 상황을 제시하고 이를 해결하는 방식으로 설계 및 구현됨으로써 컴퓨터를 통한 문제 해결 학습의 방향을 제시하고자 한다.