• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 탑재체 장착을 위한 인공위성의 탑재부에 대한 모듈 단위 구조 최적설계를 수행하였다. 구조 최적화에 있어, 고유진동수 및 응력과 같은 일반적인 제한조건이외에 우주 발사환경에서 특별히 고려하는 링클링, 딤플링, 크림핑 응력과 같은 하니컴 부재의 불안정성 조건 및 론저론의 크리플링 파단을 추가로 고려하였다. 이러한 다양한 제한 조건을 포함하기 위해, 본 연구에서는 최적화프로그램과 구조해석프로그램을 연결하여 해석을 수행하였다. 해석 결과 탑재모듈의 최적화에 큰 영향을 미친 제한 조건은 고유진동수, 크리플링 그리고, 링클링 임을 알 수 있었다. 또한 설계변수들의 변화를 통해서 탑재모듈의 구조적인 특성에 가장 많은 영향을 주는 부재를 확인 할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 탑재모듈의 특수한 제한조건을 고려한 최적화를 통해서 주어진 조건에 더 효율성 있고 안정성 있는 탑재모듈의 구조 최적화설계를 도출할 수 있었다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2013

마찰을 크게 줄임과 동시에 신뢰성을 향상시키기 위하여 평행 스러스트 베어링, 메카니컬 시일과 피스톤링 등과 같은 기계부품에 표면가공방법이 최근에 적용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 상용 전산유체역학 S/W인 FLUENT를 사용하여 반구형 미세딤플이 등간격으로 배치되어 있는 슬라이더 베어링의 윤활특성을 조사하였다. 미세딤플의 직경과 수에 따라서 압력분포, 지지하중, 누설유량과 마찰력은 아주 크게 변화하였다. 특히, 딤플의 밀도증가에 따라서 지지하중과 마찰력은 거의 선형적으로 감소하는 반면에 누설유량은 급격하게 증가하였다. 본 논문의 결과는 각종 미끄럼 베어링의 윤활성능을 향상시키기 위한 최적 딤플설계에 사용할 수 있으며, 추가적인 연구가 요구된다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2007

This study presents a numerical procedure to optimize the shape of staggered dimple surface to enhance turbulent heat transfer in a rectangular channel. The RBNN method is used as an optimization technique with Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis of fluid flow and heat transfer with shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The dimple depth-to-dimple print diameter (d/D), channel height-to-dimple print diameter ratio (H/D), and dimple print diameter-to-pitch ratio (D/S) are chosen as design variables. The objective function is defined as a linear combination of heat transfer related term and friction loss related term with a weighting factor. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) is used to determine the training points as a mean of the design of experiment. The optimum shape shows remarkable performance in comparison with a reference shape.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.52-60
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• 2008

Staggered dimples printed on opposite walls of an internal cooling channel are formulated numerically and optimized to enhance heat transfer performance. Nusselt number and friction factor based objectives are considered and a weighted average surrogate model is used to approximate the data generated by numerical simulation. The dimpled channel shape is defined by three geometric design variables, and the design point within design space are selected using Latin hypercube sampling. A weighted-sum method for multi-objective optimization is applied to integrate multiple objectives into a single objective. By the optimization, the objective function value is improved largely and heat transfer rate is increase much higher than pressure loss increase due to shape deformation. Channel with vertically non-symmetric optimum dimples is tested and found that the best appears if dimples on opposite wall are displaced by one quarter of dimple spacing.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.38-44
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• 2020

Surface texturing of micro-dimples has been used in many manufacturing industries to reduce friction between two sliding contacted surfaces. Surface texturing decreases the frictional force owing to minimizing of the sliding contact area. In this paper, micro-dimples have been fabricated on an Al6061-T6 surface using a two-frequency elliptical vibration texturing (TFEVT) method. A high-frequency of 18 kHz and low-frequency of 250 Hz were applied to an elliptically-vibrated tool holder. The Stribeck curve was plotted to analyze the friction coefficient trends. Furthermore, the representative wetting index, such as the water contact angle (WCA), was measured by considering the friction coefficient. WCA is associated with micro-dimple density and associated parameters. Consequently, the dimpled surfaces with a low friction coefficient exhibited a relatively high WCA in the feed direction. According to the Stribeck curve, the dimpled surfaces demonstrate superior friction performance for mixed-film lubrication compared to the non-textured surface.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.42-50
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• 2010

The present analysis deals with a numerical procedure for optimizing the shape of elliptical dimples in a cooling channel. The three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) analysis is employed in conjunction with the SST model for predictions of the turbulent flow and the heat transfer. Three non-dimensional geometric design variables, such as the ellipse dimple diameter ratio, ratio of the dimple depth to the average diameter, and ratio of the distance between dimples to the pitch are considered in the optimization. Twenty-one experimental points within design space are selected by Latin Hypercube Sampling. Each objective function values at these points are evaluated by RANS analysis and producing optimal point using surrogate model. The linear combination of heat transfer coefficient and friction loss related terms with a weighting factor is defined as the objective function. The results show that the optimized elliptical dimple shape improves considerably the heat transfer performance than the circular dimple shape.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.23-31
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• 2021

Surface texturing is a promising route to reduce the friction forces between two surfaces in sliding contact. To this end, the fabrication of micro dimples is one of the most widely used surface texturing methods. According to published results, textured surfaces with elliptical micro dimples offer the best friction performance. Therefore, we fabricated elliptical micro dimples on carbon steel (SM45C) by using dual frequency vibration assisted machining. High and low frequencies of 16.3 kHz and 230 Hz were applied to the 3D resonant elliptical vibrator. The 3D resonant elliptical vibrator with a triangular cubic boron nitride insert was assembled on a computer numerically controlled turning lathe. Oval micro dimples of various profiles were manufactured on carbon steel. In terms of the profile of the elliptical micro dimples, the experimental results indicated that the average micro dimple width and depth were 112 ㎛ and 7.7 ㎛. These dimensions are closely related to the cutting conditions and can be easily controlled.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.148-153
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• 2023

Laser surface dimple patterning is a method of laser surface texturing to reduce lubrication sliding friction. The dimple pattern improves friction properties by reserving lubricant and trapping worn particles. This surface texturing technology can reduce coefficients of friction and extend the service life by applying a uniform load to the surface of the material. This study investigates the friction properties using PMMA, a highly compatible polymer material, as a specimen. We observe the friction properties of untextured specimens by processing specimens with dimple pattern densities of 5 and 10 on the surface area using laser. Dimple pattern density affects the coefficient of friction. We present the following friction property results using a pin-on-disc sliding friction test under saline lubrication. The coefficients of friction for the dimple patterned specimens are lower than those for the untextured specimens. As the normal load and sliding speed increase, the coefficients of friction of the dimple pattern specimens decrease differently from those of the untextured specimens. The specimen with a dimple pattern density of 5 at a normal load of 24.5 N and a sliding speed of 0.22 m/s has the best friction properties. Notably, different friction properties are exhibited depending on the dimple pattern densities.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2021

There are several studies on reducing the friction that occurs on the relative sliding contact surface of moving parts under extreme environments. In particular, a solid lubricated bearing is studied to solve the tribological problem with friction reduction and durability parts using solid lubricants (lead or silver) in a vacuum atmosphere. Galinstan is mainly used as a liquid metal lubricant, but it is inevitable to have limited tribological applications owing to its high coefficient of friction. Many researchers work on surface texturing for surface modification and precision processing methods. To increase durability and low friction, DLC coating with hydrophobicity is applied on the contact surface texture. Therefore, using an untextured specimen, a dimple specimen, and a DLC-coated dimple specimen under liquid metal lubrication, this paper presents the following experimental sliding friction characteristics in the sliding friction test. 1) The average coefficient of friction of the DLC-coated dimple specimen and dimple specimen are lower compared to that of a non-patterned specimen. 2) In the DLC-coated dimple specimens, the average coefficient of friction changes according to the change in the dimple density. 3) DLC-coated dimple specimens with a density of 12.5 have the lowest average coefficient of friction under 41.6 N of normal load and 143.3 RPM.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2005

Surface texturing of tribological application is another attractive technology of friction reducing. Also, reduction of friction is therefore considered to be a necessary requirement for improved efficiency of machine. In this paper attempts to investigate the effect of density for micro-scale dimple pattern on bearing steel flat mated with pin-on-disk. We demonstrated the lubrication mechanism for a Stribeck curve, which has a relationship between the friction coefficient and a dimensionless parameter for lubrication condition. It is found that friction coefficient is depended on the density of surface pattern. It was thus verified that micro-scale dimple could affect the friction reduction considerably under mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication conditions from based on friction map. Lubrication condition regime has an influence on the friction coefficient induced the density of micro dimple.