• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.53-61
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• 2022

Recent years have drawn a great attention to generation MZ and Metaverse, due to 4th industrial revolution and the development of digital environment that blurs the boundary between reality and virtual reality. Generation MZ approaches the information very differently from the existing generations and uses distinguished communication methods. In terms of learning, they have different motivations, types, skills and build relationships differently. Meanwhile, Metaverse is drawing a great attention as a teaching method that fits traits of gen MZ. Thus, the current research aimed to investigate how to increase the use of Metaverse in Educational Technology. Specifically, this research examined the antecedents of popularity of Gather Town, a platform of Metaverse. Big data of news articles have been collected and analyzed using the Bigkinds system provided by Korea Press Foundation. The analysis revealed, first, a rapid increasing trend of media exposure of Gather Town since July 2021. This suggests a greater utilization of Gather Town in the field of education after the COVID-19 pandemic. Second, Word Association Analysis and Word Cloud Analysis showed high weights on education related words such as 'remote', 'university', and 'freshman', while words like 'Metaverse', 'Metaverse platform', 'Covid19', and 'Avatar' were also emphasized. Third, Network Analysis extracted 'COVID19', 'Avatar', 'University student', 'career', 'YouTube' as keywords. The findings also suggest potential value of Gather Town as an educational tool under COVID19 pandemic. Therefore, this research will contribute to the application and utilization of Gather Town in the field of education.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.69
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• pp.7-33
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• 2021

From the beginning of the enactment and implementation of the Public Records Management Act, there has been a steady discussion on the establishment of local archives. Local archives include not only administrative records of local governments, but also private archives such as containing the lives of residents. Along with the academic discussion, there have been movements for local autonomy and decentralization. Currently, interest and discussion on private archiving are in the historical flow. In addition, private archiving has become a social concern because of the establishment of systems such as the Public Records Management Act and the Information Disclosure Act, the establishment of a digital environment, and the spread of the meaning and value of village community activities. There are several government agencies related to private archiving, and the grounds for performing their work are different, and there are many central administrative agencies to which they belong. Therefore, I propose that the National Archives take the lead and form a 'Consortium of Private archives Management Institutions'. The organization should promote first, cooperation of collection information and archives, second, coordination of tasks and functions between institutions, and third, establishment of a nationwide private archives management system. Now is our chance. Instead of reacting on an ad hoc basis, respond systematically with a long-term perspective.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.183-204
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• 2023

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, lots of occasions need to be held in online environment. This is the reason why "Metaverse" gets lots of attention in 2021. A number of companies made announcements on Metaverse, and this situation also boomed stock market. This paper investigates the relationship between Metaverse initiatives and business value of the firm (i.e., stock prices). We examine this relationship by using event study method with Lexis-Nexis News data from 2019 to 2021. The results indicate that Metaverse initiatives significantly impact positive influence on firm's value. In the technological perspective, technical factors affect more positive market returns, including Metaverse enablers (e.g., NFT, VR devices, digital twin) and common infrastructure (e.g., semiconductor, AI, cloud), and especially virtual environment was emphasized. Additionally, in the strategical perspective, radical innovation (e.g., pivoting, acquisition) impact more positive market return rather than incremental innovation (e.g., partnership, investment). Also, firms from non-service industries can achieve benefits from Metaverse initiatives rather than service industry in some degree.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.143-156
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• 2020

Price promotion is one of the most frequently marketing strategies with a long history. According to various studies, the effect of price promotion is controversial. Some studies have argued that price promotion has a positive effect, while others have found that it has no effect or rather has a negative effect. This study aims to examine the effect of price promotion in a subscription-based service. First, we check the effect of price promotion on the repurchase of the consumer. And we investigate how this effect varies depending on the characteristics of the consumer. Using the data from one of the music streaming service in South Korea, the effect of consumers' price promotion experience, demographic characteristics, and behavioral characteristics on their repurchase is analyzed through logistic regression analysis. As a result of the study, it is found that consumers' experience of price promotion has a positive effect on repurchase. In addition, the positive effect of price promotion is relatively greater in younger and female consumers. This study has implications in that it not only confirmed the positive effect of price promotion in a subscription-based environment but also empirically confirmed that the characteristics of consumers should be considered when performing price promotion.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2024

To foster the core talents of the future, the development of diverse and substantial SW·AI education programs is required, and a systematic system that can assist public education in SW and AI must be established. In this study, we develop and combine SW·AI education modules to construct a SW and AI education program applicable to public education. We also establish a systematic education system and provide sustainable SW·AI education to elementary, middle, and high school students through 'Job's Garage Camp' based on various sharing platforms. By creating a sustainable follow-up educational environment, students are encouraged to continue their self-directed learning of SW and AI. As a result of conducting a pre-post survey of students participating in the 'Job's Garage Camp', the post-survey values improved compared to the pre-survey values in all areas of 'interest', 'understanding and confidence', and 'career aspirations'. Based on these results, it can be confirmed that students had a universal positive perception and influence on SW and AI. Therefore, if the operation case of 'Job's Garage Camp' is improved and expanded, it can be presented as a standard model applicable to other SW and AI education programs in the future.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-100
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• 2017

Today, firms are constantly transforming and innovating to survive under the rapidly changing business environment. The introduction of cloud computing services has become popular throughout society as a whole and is expected to result in many changes and developments not only in firms and but also in the public sector subject to innovation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the characteristics of cloud computing services on the perceived expected performance according to innovativeness based on innovation diffusion theory. The results of the analysis of the data collected from this research are as follows. The convenience and understanding of individuals' work as well as the benefits of cloud computing services to them depend on the innovative trend of cloud computing services. Further, the expectations for personal benefit and those for organizational benefit of cloud computing services are different from each other. Leading firms in the global market have been actively engaged in the utilization of cloud computing services in the public sector as well as in private firms. In consideration of the importance of cloud computing services, using cloud computing services as the target of innovation diffusion research is important. The results of the study are expected to contribute to developing future research models for the diffusion of new technologies, such as big data, digital convergence, and Internet of Things.

• Informatization Policy
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.48-71
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• 2024

In the modern era of digital sophistication, effective public administration warrants a citizen-centric approach that not only anticipates the needs of public service users but also comprehends their behaviors in undertaking proactive measures to deliver public services as needed. This study adopts a typological perspective by viewing e-government users as distinct consumer groups with individualized demands, behavioral tendencies, and perceptual attributes. Utilizing data from a 2021 survey on e-government service utilization, a two-step cluster analysis was conducted to delineate user typology through an empirical study. The analysis incorporated variables such as the purpose of using e-government, selected e-government channels, subjective perceptions of technological risk, and personal innovativeness. Accordingly, e-government users were classified into five distinct typological groups labeled "Unilateral Active Users Geared to Social Media," "Versatile Power Users," "Unilateral Pragmatic Active Users," "Occasional Passive Users," and "Minimal Users." This typological differentiation of e-government user groups is intended to help identify unique user demands and characteristics so as to facilitate the delivery of tailored e-government services and informed policy decisions catering to the diverse needs of users.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

Stage 1 sleep provides important information regarding interpretation of nocturnal polysomnography, particularly sleep onset. It is a short transition period from wakeful consciousness to sleep. Lack of prominent sleep events characterizing stage 1 sleep is a major obstacle in automatic sleep stage scoring. In this study, we attempted to utilize simultaneous EEC and EOG processing and analyses to detect stage 1 sleep automatically. Relative powers of the alpha waves and the theta waves were calculated from spectral estimation. Either the relative power of alpha waves less than 50％ or the relative power of theta waves more than 23％ was regarded as stage 1 sleep. SEM (slow eye movement) was defined as the duration of both eye movement ranging from 1.5 to 4 seconds and regarded also as stage 1 sleep. If one of these three criteria was met, the epoch was regarded as stage 1 sleep. Results f ere compared to the manual rating results done by two polysomnography experts. Total of 169 epochs was analyzed. Agreement rate for stage 1 sleep between automatic detection and manual scoring was 79.3％ and Cohen's Kappa was 0.586 (p＜0.01). A significant portion (32％) of automatically detected stage 1 sleep included SEM. Generally, digitally-scored sleep s1aging shows the accuracy up to 70％. Considering potential difficulties in stage 1 sleep scoring, the accuracy of 79.3％ in this study seems to be robust enough. Simultaneous analysis of EOG provides differential value to the present study from previous oneswhich mainly depended on EEG analysis. The issue of close relationship between SEM and stage 1 sleep raised by Kinnariet at. remains to be a valid one in this study.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.32
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• pp.3-44
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• 2012

The purpose of the study is to explore the strategies to build participatory digital archives for documenting localities. Following the introduction of the chapter one, the chapter two deals with categorizing participation types of persons and organizations for documenting localities, analysing characteristics and benefits of each type, and listing up the requirements of participatory archives based on literature reviews. The chapter three focuses on the analyses of digital archives especially based on the participation of organizations such as collecting institutions and community archives in USA, Canada and UK. The cases of participatory archives are divided into two types; i) digital archives based on archival collections of institutions such as libraries, archives, and museums, ii) digital archives mainly based on various community archives. Online Archives California(OAC) and Calisphere of University of California, MemoryBC of British Columbia of Canada, and People's Collection Wales of UK as the first type cases, and Connecting Histories of Birmingham, 'Community Archives Wales(CAW), Cambridgeshire Community Archive Network(CCAN), Norfolk Community Archives Network(NORCAN) as the second type cases are selected for comparative analyses. All these cases can be considered as archival portals since they cover collections from various organizations. This study then evaluates how these digital archives fulfill the requirements of participatory archives such as : i) integrated search of archives that are to be distributed, ii) participation of individuals and organizations, and iii) providing broader contextual information and representation of context as well as contents of archives. Lastly the final chapter suggests the implications for building participatory archives in Korean local areas based on following aspects : host organizations and implementation strategy, networks of collection institutions and community archives, preserving and reorganizing contextual information, selection and appraisal, and participation of records users and creators.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

With the advent of the digital environment that can be accessed anytime, anywhere with the introduction of high-speed network, the free distribution and use of digital content were made possible. Ironically this environment is raising a variety of copyright infringement, and product images used in the online shopping mall are pirated frequently. There are many controversial issues whether shopping mall images are creative works or not. According to Supreme Court's decision in 2001, to ad pictures taken with ham products is simply a clone of the appearance of objects to deliver nothing but the decision was not only creative expression. But for the photographer's losses recognized in the advertising photo shoot takes the typical cost was estimated damages. According to Seoul District Court precedents in 2003, if there are the photographer's personality and creativity in the selection of the subject, the composition of the set, the direction and amount of light control, set the angle of the camera, shutter speed, shutter chance, other shooting methods for capturing, developing and printing process, the works should be protected by copyright law by the Court's sentence. In order to receive copyright protection of the shopping mall images by the law, it is simply not to convey the status of the product, the photographer's personality and creativity can be recognized that it requires effort. Accordingly, the cost of making the mall image increases, and the necessity for copyright protection becomes higher. The product images of the online shopping mall have a very unique configuration unlike the general pictures such as portraits and landscape photos and, therefore, the general image watermarking technique can not satisfy the requirements of the image watermarking. Because background of product images commonly used in shopping malls is white or black, or gray scale (gradient) color, it is difficult to utilize the space to embed a watermark and the area is very sensitive even a slight change. In this paper, the characteristics of images used in shopping malls are analyzed and a watermarking technology which is suitable to the shopping mall images is proposed. The proposed image watermarking technology divide a product image into smaller blocks, and the corresponding blocks are transformed by DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), and then the watermark information was inserted into images using quantization of DCT coefficients. Because uniform treatment of the DCT coefficients for quantization cause visual blocking artifacts, the proposed algorithm used weighted mask which quantizes finely the coefficients located block boundaries and coarsely the coefficients located center area of the block. This mask improves subjective visual quality as well as the objective quality of the images. In addition, in order to improve the safety of the algorithm, the blocks which is embedded the watermark are randomly selected and the turbo code is used to reduce the BER when extracting the watermark. The PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of the shopping mall image watermarked by the proposed algorithm is 40.7~48.5[dB] and BER(Bit Error Rate) after JPEG with QF = 70 is 0. This means the watermarked image is high quality and the algorithm is robust to JPEG compression that is used generally at the online shopping malls. Also, for 40% change in size and 40 degrees of rotation, the BER is 0. In general, the shopping malls are used compressed images with QF which is higher than 90. Because the pirated image is used to replicate from original image, the proposed algorithm can identify the copyright infringement in the most cases. As shown the experimental results, the proposed algorithm is suitable to the shopping mall images with simple background. However, the future study should be carried out to enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm because the robustness loss is occurred after mask process.