• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.280-286
• /
• 2001

계룡산국립공원 지역의 등산로 주연부식생 구조 및 훼손실태를 파악하기 위하여 10개 등산로를 대상으로 2000년 8월에 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 등산로 주연부식생의 수종으로는국수나무, 조록싸리, 조릿대 등이었다. 등산로 주연부의 종다양도, 개체수는 이용강도와 상관관계가 없었으며, 이용강도와 하층피도는 대체적으로 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 등산로 전 구간에서 우세하게 출현한 수종은 국수나무이었으며, 대체적으로 능선부 등산로 주연부식생과 사면부에 위치한 등산로 주연부식생간 종구성이 이질적인 것으로 나타났다. 입지환경에 따른 등산로 주연부 수종의 차이는 작은 편이다. 등산로 주연부의 식생피도는 북사면, 서사면, 동사면, 남사면 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.103-110
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of trails on breeding bird community by territory mapping method from April to August 1999 in Chirisan National Park. Twenty-five bird species were observed and 18 bird species bred in 4 study sites. Thirteen species bred in Imgullyung site 14 species in Imgullyung trail site 14 species in the Nogodan site and 15 species in the Nogodan trail site. There were bred 62.0 pairs of birds in the Imgullyung site 55.0 pairs in the Imgullyung trail site 36.5 pairs in the Nogodan site and 36.5 pairs in the Nogodan trail site in the breeding season 1999. There were no differences in breeding bird communities among 4 sites. The nesting and foraging guild structures were similar among 4 sites. It seems that trails do not influences on the breeding bird community becasuse the canopy layer was similair and connected and understory vegetation was developed around the trails. It would be needed the maintenance and management of canopy layer and understory vegetation for the protection and management of bird communities around the trails.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.309-315
• /
• 2000

지리산국립공원 동부지역의 등산로 주연부식생 구조 및 훼손을 파악하기 위하여 7개 등산로를 대상으로 1999년 8월에 조사를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다 등산로 상에 나타난 주연부식생의 주요 수종으로는 철쭉꽃 미역줄나무 조록싸리 등이었다 등산로 주연부의 종다양도 식생피도 개체수는 이용객 수와 깊은 상관관계는 없는 것으로 나타났다 입지환경별 드산로 주연부식생의 종구성은 남삼면과 북사면의 중복부에서 가장유사한 반면 동사면 상복부와 북사면 산록부간에 이질적이었다 한편 남, 북 사면간 등산로 주연부식생은 각 사면 산록부에서 종구성이 가장 이질적이었다 남.북사면의 중복부에서 조록싸리 철쭉꽃이 우세하였으나 북사면 상복부에서는 철쭉꽃이 우세하게 나타났다 등산로 주연부의 식생피도 능선부 남사면 북사면 동사면 순으로 높게 나타났다.

• Spatial Information Research
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2012

Hiking on the mountain is one of the most popular recreations for modern people, but many people have trouble because they select a wrong hiking trails with their own ability and this w ill be just a danger accident. It was suggested that slope analysis of hiking trails using GIS for solving this problem, and the proposed method is faster and easier than the other method. Also the slope of many hiking trails which have same destination was classified by analysing and comparing, then citizen can choose right hiking trails with their own ability.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.398-405
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate exercise load of visitors and physical condition of stairway in the trail of Keumsan located in Hallyo-Haesang National Park. Total trail length of Keumsan is 2,126m, and the number of step-trail section are 15, and the total length of step-trail section is 1,000.4m. Average gradient of step-trail was 20~40%. But the gradient and length were 45.7% and 268.5m in the section 11, and 58.4% and 188.6m in the section 12. The greatest gradient was 67.8% in the section 13. During the climbing in trail, heart rate were 104~184beats/min.. And in the step-trail section 11, 12, and 13, IHR, ELI, and %HRmax were 166.5%, 89.1%, 92.9%, and 167.4%, 89.6%, 93.2%, and 157.8%, 84.5%, 89.9%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.11 no.4
• /
• pp.523-534
• /
• 1998

Six trails of Naesorak(west Sorak) district of Soraksan National Park were selected to investigate the use impacts on environmental edterioration of trail according to the different amount of use. The entire width, and slope of trail as the trail condition surveyed at the total of 132 points were significantly varied with the amount of use. Major deterioration types of trail were rock-exposure, root-exposure, deepening and divergence in order of frequency. Deteriorated points were significantly different in trail conditions from non-deteriorated points, and these latter generally appeared at the lowed altituede than the former on each trail. Naesorak district still seemed to have poorer use-impacts than Oesarak(east sorak) district. The dominant species in upper layer of trail edge vegetation differed from trail to trail, but in shrub layer Lespedeza maximowiczii, lindera obutsiloba for valley trail and Rhododendron schlipenbavhii for slope trail. The species diversity and coverage of shrub layer in trail edge were the highest on the Ose'am trail and each trail was dissimilar in species composition of shrub layer of edge vegetation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.111-117
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to establish trail use impact indicators, and evaluate the degree of use impact based on the understanding of the causality among the impacts on the spot. Theoretical reviews developed three indicators in terms of three ecological impacts, four physical impacts, and five sociological impacts, respectively. With this indicators, observation and questionnaire survey were employed on Gwanak Mountain Trail to measure the levels of impacts forementioned. As for the ecological impact, Some loss of ground cover vegetation was reveled near the trail due to trail use, however the level of disturbance by the naturalized and exotic plants was insignificant. Physical impacts such as soil hardness, enlargement of trail width were found intensified. The result of measuring sociological impacts showed visitors had expected higher level of crowding and encounters before their visit, therefore overall satisfaction level was positive, despite higher awareness level of actual crowding. Intensified continuing use of the trail is aggravating ecological and physical impacts on Gwanak Mountain trail, because of its location in a metropolitan area. Sociological impacts seem favorable at present, however if ecological and physical impacts were deteriorated, sociological impacts would also be affected. To maintain the quality level of use experience, managerial efforts to improve climbing culture as well as ecological and physical environment such as restoration of damaged areas are needed.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.35-45
• /
• 1987

To survey trail damage and vegetational change around trail at Bukhan Mountain National Park in Korea, field survey was executed over Bukhan mountain district during August, 1987. Trail damage was surveyed for he section of 7.18km from Ui valley to Jeongnung valley in which user's density was high. Ground vegetation was surveyed with a belt-transect method from trail edge to forest and edge species were surveyed with a belt method along trail edge. Interrelation between trail damage and user's density was not dear. Damage class II of trail showed 23.9% of the surveyed section and class III showed 8.0% and class II and III of natural trail showed 19.7% and those of facilitated trail showed 12.3%. The length of damage class II and III requiring readjustment were estimated as 3.65 km and 1.22km from the main trail course of 15.3km at Bukhan mountain district. In case of no intervention to forest by users, vegetational change around trails was appeared up to 6-8 m from trailside. But in case of intervention to forest by users, vegetational change was not coincident with the change of soil hardness and was diverse locally. Quercus mongolica, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya and Rbo-dodendron mucronulatum were appeared as Raunkiaer frequency class E, and Weigela subsessilis. Lespedeza maximowiczii, Rhododendron schlippenbachii and Sorbus alnifolid were appeared as class D at trail edge of ridge-Quercus mongolica was appeared as class E and Rhododenderon mucrounulatium. Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of midslope. Rhododenron mucronulatum. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stepanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley. Lespedeza cyrtobotrya. Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stephanandra incisa were appeared as class D at trail edge of valley beside motorway.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2009

Mountain trails play an important role in the daily life and health of the citizens, and also are major areas for recreation operators strive to balance the needs of pedestrian with the needs of wildlife and health improvement. In this view point, this research aims at analyzing the slope of mountain trails using mobile GPS and suggesting the suitable path to citizens for improving health. The result shows that the trail slope analysis by using mobile GPS could be effectively evaluated the degree of walk difficulty.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.211-220
• /
• 1996

5 major trails of Odaesan National Park were selected to investigate the use impacts on environmental deterioration of trail accreding to the different amunt of use. The entire width, bare width, maximum depth and slope of trail as the trail comdition surveyed at the total of 120 points were significantly greater on the more heavily-used trail. Major deterioration types of trail were root-exposure, rock-exposure, deepening and divergence in order of frquency and trail conditions of deteriorated points were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. The damaged area more severe than Class 4 on trail reached about 379m$^{2}$/km in total, and especcially about 1,196m$^{2}$/km in the section between Chodmyolbogung and Pirobong of Sangwonsa trail. The dominant trees of trail edge vegetation could be Quercus mongolica in upper layer, but in lower layer Rhododecdron schilipenbachii for slope and Actinidia arguta for ridge. Coverage and number of individuals of lower vegetation in trail edge were the lowest on the Sangwonsa trail of the largest use amount, and each trail was dissimilar in species composition of lower layer of edge vegetation.