• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.213-225
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• 2010

Data mining has empowered the managers who are charge of the tasks in their company to present personalized and differentiated marketing programs to their customers with the rapid growth of information technology. Most studies on customer' response have focused on predicting whether they would respond or not for their marketing promotion as marketing managers have been eager to identify who would respond to their marketing promotion. So many studies utilizing data mining have tried to resolve the binary decision problems such as bankruptcy prediction, network intrusion detection, and fraud detection in credit card usages. The prediction of customer's response has been studied with similar methods mentioned above because the prediction of customer's response is a kind of dichotomous decision problem. In addition, a number of competitive data mining techniques such as neural networks, SVM(support vector machine), decision trees, logit, and genetic algorithms have been applied to the prediction of customer's response for marketing promotion. The marketing managers also have tried to classify their customers with quantitative measures such as recency, frequency, and monetary acquired from their transaction database. The measures mean that their customers came to purchase in recent or old days, how frequent in a period, and how much they spent once. Using segmented customers we proposed an approach that could enable to differentiate customers in the same rating among the segmented customers. Our approach employed support vector regression to forecast the purchase amount of customers for each customer rating. Our study used the sample that included 41,924 customers extracted from DMEF04 Data Set, who purchased at least once in the last two years. We classified customers from first rating to fifth rating based on the purchase amount after giving a marketing promotion. Here, we divided customers into first rating who has a large amount of purchase and fifth rating who are non-respondents for the promotion. Our proposed model forecasted the purchase amount of the customers in the same rating and the marketing managers could make a differentiated and personalized marketing program for each customer even though they were belong to the same rating. In addition, we proposed more efficient learning method by separating the learning samples. We employed two learning methods to compare the performance of proposed learning method with general learning method for SVRs. LMW (Learning Method using Whole data for purchasing customers) is a general learning method for forecasting the purchase amount of customers. And we proposed a method, LMS (Learning Method using Separated data for classification purchasing customers), that makes four different SVR models for each class of customers. To evaluate the performance of models, we calculated MAE (Mean Absolute Error) and MAPE (Mean Absolute Percent Error) for each model to predict the purchase amount of customers. In LMW, the overall performance was 0.670 MAPE and the best performance showed 0.327 MAPE. Generally, the performances of the proposed LMS model were analyzed as more superior compared to the performance of the LMW model. In LMS, we found that the best performance was 0.275 MAPE. The performance of LMS was higher than LMW in each class of customers. After comparing the performance of our proposed method LMS to LMW, our proposed model had more significant performance for forecasting the purchase amount of customers in each class. In addition, our approach will be useful for marketing managers when they need to customers for their promotion. Even if customers were belonging to same class, marketing managers could offer customers a differentiated and personalized marketing promotion.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.105-116
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• 2011

Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall -runoff model. In this study, radar rainfall grid resolution and grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall - runoff models were how to respond. In this study, semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model ModClark of Inje, Gangwon Naerin watershed was used as Gwangdeok RADAR data. The completed ModClark model was calibrated for use DEM of cell size of 30m, 150m, 250m, 350m was chosen for the application, and runoff simulated by the RADAR rainfall data of 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km from 14 to 17 on July, 2006. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, it was highly runoff simulation if the cell size is DEM 30m~150m, RADAR rainfall 500m~2km for peak flow and runoff volume. In the statistical analysis results, if every DEM cell size are 500m and if RADAR rainfall cell size is 30m, relevance of model was higher. Result of sensitivity assessment, high index DEM give effect to result of distributed model. Recently, rainfall -runoff analysis is used lumped model to distributed model. So, this study is expected to make use of the efficiently decision criteria for configurated models.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.423-440
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• 2007

Although various models have been developed to establish the enterprise credit scoring, no model has utilized the enterprise human resource so far. The purpose of this study was to build an enterprise credit scoring model using enterprise human resource factors. The data to measure the enterprise credit score were made by the first-year research material of HCCP was used to investigate the enterprise human resource and 2004 Credit Rating Score generated from KIS-Credit Scoring Model. The independent variables were chosen among questionnaires of HCCP based on Mclagan(1989)'s HR wheel model, and the credit score of Korean Information Service was used for the dependent variables. The statistical method used for data analysis was logistic regression. As a result of constructing a model, 22 variables were selected. To see these specifically by each large area, 6 variables in human resource development(HRD) area, 15 in human resource management(HRM) area, and 1 in the other area were chosen. As a consequence of 10 fold cross validation, misclassification rate and G-mean were 30.81 and 68.27 respectively. Decile having the highest response rate was bigger than the one having the lowest response rate by 6.08 times, and had a tendency to decrease. Therefore, the result of study showed that the proposed model was appropriate to measure enterprise credit score using enterprise human resource variables.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.143-162
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to construct Parent Attachment Scale for Children. Adapting the item consisting method used in Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised(ECR-R), Parent Attachment Scale for Children was constructed to measure child's attachment style with their parent, reliably and validly. Also, reliability and item trait informations based on item response theory were reviewed. First preliminary items were derived from the original items of ECR-R and existing Attachment Inventories. These items were modified and complemented to be easier and keep the original meaning of each item. Second preliminary items were administrated to 4~6th grades students(N=576). Finally, Parent Attachment Scale for Children were consisted with 30 items based on two-parameter graded response model. Internal consistency ranges of the scales of Parent Attachment Scale for Children are as follows : Avoidance scale is .94~.96; Anxiety scale is .85~.88. Test-retest reliability ranges are as follows; Avoidance scale is .71~.80; Anxiety scale is .53~.68. Item discrimination and item information value were within an appropriated range. Hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's Method revealed four types of attachment style : Secure, Dismissing, Preoccupied, Fearful. Other implications and limitations of this study were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.25-49
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• 2012

Coping with the problems of school violence, weapon and drug abuses, 'zero tolerance policies' have been adopted in the United States since the 1980's. Authorities have been securing the safety and learning-friendly environment of the school, imposing predetermined penalties on any case of school violence or disruption. It is reported that the school violence rate drops accordingly. However, the policies are criticized for their rather escalating effect due to severe punishments on minor offenses, evidencing no effectiveness worthwhile. As alternatives, 'graduated systems of discipline' meeting minor misbehaviors with less severe consequences or 'early response model' are suggested, without abandoning those main rules of zero tolerance policies. Recently Korean government tries to take charge of school violence, issuing some nation-wide measures such as 'the Comprehensive Measures to Stop School Violence'. This article analyzed major principles and changes of the zero tolerance polices of US case, to induce some policy suggestions for the validity of Korean government's measures implemented under the understanding that "little bullying" is also a "crime" to disclose all school violence.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.813-816
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• 2010

최근 지속가능한 개발의 개념은 국제적으로 경제 개발과 환경 보전 사이에서 논쟁이 중심이 되고 있으며, 수자원 개발과 관리는 이들 논쟁에서 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 이와 더불어 유역을 관리함에 있어 수자원을 이수, 치수 및 수질의 단일 문제로 인식하는 것이 아니라 통합적으로 인식하는 유역통합관리(Integrated Watershed Management, IWM)의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 유역통합관리에 앞서 유역의 상태 및 문제점을 파악하기 위한 방법으로 EEA (European Environment Agency)에서 개발한 추진력(Driving force)-압력(Pressure)-상태(State)-영향(Impact)-반응(Response) (DPSIR) 개념 이용하여 3개의 세부 지표인 이수지표, 치수지표, 수질지표로 구성된 하나의 통합 지수인 유역수자원평가지수를 개발하였다. 세부지표인 이수지표는 연속무강우일수, 인구밀도, 용수수요, 물재이용률 등 16개의 구성요소, 치수지표는 홍수범람위험 지역 내 거주 인구수, 홍수방어시설용량, 개수율, 100 mm 이상 강수일수 등 15개의 구성요소, 수질지표는 BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demend) 부하량, 수질 등급, 연중 목표 수질 달성일수 등 13개의 구성요소로 이루어져있다. 이를 북한강 유역 중 북한 지역을 제외한 유역 즉, 수자원단위지도 상의 춘천댐권역(1010) ~ 청평댐권역(1015)의 6개 중권역에 적용하여 비교하였다. 세부지표의 주된 요소인 유출량의 모의를 위해 장기유출모형인 HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program - Fortran)를 사용하였다. 모형에 입력된 유역평균강수량 자료는 1973년 ~ 2008년까지의 37년의 자료기간을 갖는 북한강유역의 5개 기상관측소 자료를 Thiessen network를 이용하여 산정하였다. 본 연구를 통해서 북한강 유역의 현재 수자원의 상태를 지수화하여 나타내고 그 결과를 비교해보았다. 이 결과는 유역 수자원의 파악하여 유역통합관리시 유역의 문제점을 파악하고 이를 수정하기 위한 의사결정 우선순위를 정하는데 사용될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Fly ash (FA), byproduct from power plant has been actively used as mineral admixture for concrete. However, since bottom ash (BA) is usually used for land reclaim or subbase material, more active reuse plan is needed. Pond ash (PA) obtained from reclaimed land is mixed with both FA and BA. In this study, 6 PA from different domestic power plant are prepared and 5 different replacement ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 50%, and 70%) for fine aggregate substitutes are considered to evaluate engineering properties of PA as fine aggregate and durability performance of PA concrete. Tests for fine aggregate of PA for fineness modulus, density and absorption, soundness, chloride and toxicity content, and alkali aggregate reaction are performed. For PA concrete, durability tests for compressive strength, drying shrinkage, chloride penetration/diffusion, accelerated carbonation, and freezing/thawing are performed. Also, basic tests for fresh concrete like slump and air content are performed. Although PA has lower density and higher absorption, its potential as a replacement material for fine aggregate is promising. PA concrete shows a reasonable durability performance with higher strength with higher replacement ratio. Finally, best PA among 6 samples is selected through quantitative classification, and limitation of PA concrete application is understood based on the test results. Various tests for engineering properties of PA and PA concrete are discussed in this paper to evaluate its application to concrete structure.