• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.259-265
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• 2020

Antioxidative activities of 50% ethanolic extracts from Du-zhong (Eucommia ulmoides Oliver) leaf and bark were investigated. Yields of the leaf and bark extract were 8.1±0.31 and 17.4±0.89%, respectively. Polyphenol contents of the leaf and bark extract were 64.1±3.35 and 42.4±2.38 ㎍ gallic acid equivalents/mg, respectively. Flavonoid contents of the leaf and bark extract were 24.0±3.15 and 36.7±3.18 ㎍ quercetin equivalents/mg, respectively. As concentration of the leaf and bark extract increased, their antioxidative activities proportionally increased. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for cation radical scavenging were 560.6±17.65 and 1,357.4±8.45 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for free radical scavenging were 574.2±14.70 and 2,103.1±108.59 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for ferric reducing antioxidant power were 319.9±13.42 and 705.9±26.08 ㎍/mL, respectively. EC₅₀ values of the leaf and bark extract for nitrite scavenging were 2,329.2±35.11 and 5,467.6±243.92 ㎍/mL, respectively. In the presence of 74.8 ㎍/mL of the leaf extract and 177.2 ㎍/mL of the bark extract, linoleic acid peroxidation was inhibited by 70.0 and 79.1%, respectively. The Du-zhong leaf extract possessed higher antioxidative activities than its bark extract.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.762-766
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• 2016

In this study, natural extract including Phellodendro namurense, Eucommia ulmides Oliv and Prunus padus were tested for antimicrobial activity and safety. Antimicrobial activity was measured by using opportunistic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. As safety test, cell viability test, single dose oral toxicity test, single dose inhalation toxicity test, repeat dose inhalation toxicity test and eye irritation test were done. From antimicrobial test, natural extract showed execellent antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli. From 5 kinds of safety tests, toxicity was not observed. From experimental results, natural extract including Phellodendro namurense, Eucommia ulmides Oliv and Prunus padus showed superb safety and antimicrobial effect.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.536-539
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• 2013

In this study, mixed plant extracts including Phellodendro namurense and Eucommia ulmides Oliv were tested for antimicrobial activity and safety. Antimicrobial activity was measured by disc diffusion method using normal skin flora and opportunistic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. As safety test, single dose oral toxicity test, single dose inhalation toxicity test and repeat dose inhalation toxicity test were done. From antimicrobial test, plant extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, however, did not indicate any antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli. From 3 kinds of safety tests, toxicity of mixed plant extracts was not observed. From experimental results, mixed plant extracts including Phellodendro namurense and Eucommia ulmides Oliv showed good potential for natural antimicrobial agent.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.700-703
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• 2010

In this study, plant extracts including Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. and Phellodendron amurense were studied to test possible application for cosmetics and skin related medicine. Anti-oxidation effect of plant extracts was measured by DPPH free radical scavenging activity and it was insignificant at low concentration, however, it was as good as vitamin C, excellent anti-oxidation agent, at $1000{\mu}g/ml$. Anti-bacterial effect was tested by disc diffusion method, and plant extracts showed mild anti-bacterial effect for normal skin flora, Staphylococcus epidermidis while it indicated strong anti-bacterial effect for acne inducing Propionibacterium acne. Therefore it had powerful potential for anti-acne material because of selectivity. Anti-atopic dermatitis effect was tested by hairless mouse and plant extracts recovered damaged skin to near normal condition after 14 days of treatment. IgE concentration in treated mouse was decreased 16% compared with control. From the research, plant extracts indicated strong anti-acne and anti-atopic dermatitis effect, and showed strong potential for cosmetics and skin related medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.681-686
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to measure total phenolic compounds as a measure of antioxidant activity as well as ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities as a measure of anti-diabetic efficacy in methanol extracts from 23 kinds of medicinal plants. Extracts of three medicinal plant species showing high total polyphenol contents were selected (Euonymus alatus stem, Taxus cuspidata fruit, and Eucommia ulmoides leaf). Extracts of six medicinal plant species showing over 60% DPPH radical scavenging activity were also selected [Eucommia ulmoides barks (80.10%), Lycium chinense roots (64.25%), Euonymus alatus stem (73.59%), Lespedeza cuneata (78.20%), Taxus cuspidata fruits (70.52%), and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem (67.81%)]. Regarding ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activities acarbose showing approximately 80% inhibitory activity was selected as a control group, and six species (Eucommia ulmoides heartwood, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Euonymus alatus stem, Dioscorea batatas, Coix lachryma-jobi, and Phaseolus radiatus) showed greater than 80% ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Extracts of nine medicinal plant. species showing over 80% ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity (Pueraria thunbergiana root, Eucommia ulmoides bark, Eucommia ulmoides leaf, Lycium chinense fruits, Euonymus alatus leaf and stem, Euonymus alatus stem, Sasa borealis whole, Dioscorea batatas leaf and stem, and Tilia taquetii leaf and stem). Based on these results, medicinal plants showing high antioxidant and antidiabetic activities can be used as fundamental products in developing new medicines, as well as functional foods to prevent adult disease.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.114-115
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.901-905
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• 1995

Three flavonoid compounds, astragalin(1), isoquercitrin(2) and quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-D-xylopyranosyl(1-2)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside(3)$ isolated from the leaves of Eucommia ulmoides were identified and quantified by HPLC. All flavonoids were well separated on a ${\mu}-Bondapak\;C_{18}$ column with a mobile phase composed of THF-dioxane-MeOH-HOAc-5% $H_3PO_4-H_2O$(145 : 125 : 50 : 20 : 2 : 658). The contents of compound 1 in the methanol extract and n-butanol fraction were 0.09%(w/w) and 0.46%(w/w), of compound 2 were 0.08%(w/w) and 0.48%(w/w), and of compound 3 were 0.40%(w/w) and 1.22%(w/w), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.102-110
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• 1988

The pharmacological activities on water extracts of Cortex, Ramulus and Folium from the Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were studied, and the following results were observed. The vasodilative action on the rabbit ear blood vessel was recognized in the Cortex, Ramulus and Folium. The spontaneous motility and the contraction induced by Ach., $BaCl_2$ and histamine in the isolated ileum of mice were suppressed and inhibited in the Ramulus only. On the contrary, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities were noted in the Cortex and Folium. Furthermore, the hypotensive effect was recognized in the Folium. The diuretic, bile secretory and anti-fatigue effects were shown in the Cortex and Folium.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.275-279
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• 1993

The early ontogeny of the vascular cambium in the hypocotyl of Eucommia ulmoides seedling was studied anatomically. In transverse view, the procambial cells repeated periclinal divisions and then gradually differentiated into vascular cambium; however, in the transectional plane, it was difficult to reveal the origin of cambial initials. In tangential view, the early procambial cells repeated periclinal divisions and then the procambium consisted of homogeneous short cells. Some cells in late procambium did not show transverse divisions, but elongated continuously. Thus, the procambium showed a heterogeneous structure: The long cells became fusiform initials with tapering end walls and the short cells differentiated into ray initials. Conclusively, the two types of cambial initials were gradually originated from the homogeneous cells at the early procambial stage, and they consisted vascular cambium.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.112-117
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• 1987

The anti-diabetic effects of the methanol extracts of Cortex, Ramulus and Folium part of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were investigated by the experimental diabetic model in rats. The increased blood glucose level in the diabetic rats induced by alloxan and streptozotocin was significantly lowered and a marked increase in body weight was shown with the treatments of the extracts of Cortex and Folium. The blood insulin level lowered by streptozotocin pretreatment was significantly recovered with the treatment of the extract of Folium. In glucose tolerance test, the extracts of Cortex and Folium displayed a significant inhibitory effect on the glucose level. The extracts of Cortex and Folium also caused a marked inhibition in increased blood pressure in the diabetic rats induced by alloxan.