• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-26
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• 1993

Frost heave on foundation(or ice jacking) is defined that foundation is uplifted by heav- ing force exerted around foundation from freezing of soils. This phenominon is often occurred in the light -weight structure e.g, small building, electro - telegraph pole, street light, pipe line, budge and reference point of survey. Frost heave is the most important factor in design of foundation of structure and the key issue in understanding mechanism of foundation in permafrost area. In this study is reviewed the state of the art on the analysis method of frost heave in USSR and is suggested the design method of benchmark pile. On the basis of above results, this study suggests a design chart able to do esign simply the benchmark pile in Yakutsk region.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Analysis via classical soil mechanics theory is either ineffective or inappropriate for fully describing stress distribution or failure conditions in cold regions, since mechanical properties of soils in cold regions are different from those reported in the classical soil mechanics theory. Therefore, collecting and analyzing technical data, and systematic and specialized research for cold regions are required for design and construction of the structure in cold regions. Freezing and thawing repeat in active layer of permafrost region, and a loading condition affecting the structure changes. Therefore, the reliable analysis of mechanical properties of frozen soils according to various conditions is prerequisite for design and construction of the structure in cold regions, since mechanical properties of frozen soils are sensitive to temperature condition, water content, grain size, relative density, and loading rate. In this research, the direct shear apparatus which operates at 30 degrees below zero and large-scaled low temperature chamber are used for evaluating shear strength characteristics of frozen soils. Weathered granite soil is used to analyzed the shear strength characteristics with varying freezing temperature condition, vertical confining pressure, relative density, and water content. This research shows that the shear strength of weathered granite soil is sensitively affected by various conditions such as freezing temperature conditions, normal stresses, relative densities, and water contents.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.23-30
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• 2013

Bearing capacity of pile is governed by only skin friction in frozen ground condition, while it is generally governed both by skin friction and end bearing capacity in typically unfrozen ground condition. Skin friction force, which arises from the interaction between pile and frozen soils, is defined as adfreeze bond strength, and adfreeze bond strength is one of the most important key parameters for design of pile in frozen soils. Many studies have been carried out in order to analyze adfreeze bond strength characteristics over the last fifty years. However, many studies for adfreeze bond strength have been conducted with limited circumstances, since adfreeze bond strength is sensitively affected by various influence factors such as intrinsic material properties, pile surface roughness, and externally imposed testing conditions. In this study, direct shear test is carried out inside of large-scaled freezing chamber in order to analyze the adfreeze bond strength characteristics with varying freezing temperature and normal stress. Also, the relationship between adfreeze bond strength and shear strength of the frozen soil obtained from previous study was analyzed. The coefficient of adfreeze bond strength was evaluated in order to predict adfreeze bond strength based on shear strength, and coefficients suggested from this and previous studies were compared.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.67-80
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• 2014

The thickness of permafrost in Eastern Siberia is from 200 to 500 meters. The seasonally frozen layer can vary from 0 to 4m depending on ground temperature and its location. The shear wave velocity varies from 80m/s in summer to 1500m/s in winter depending on soil type. When melted, large impedence will occur due to the difference between the shear wave velocity of seasonally frozen soil and that of permafrost layer. Large displacement may occur at the boundary of the melted and the frozen layer, and this phenomenon should be considered in a seismic design. In this research, one-dimensional equivalent linear analyses were performed to investigate the effects of the seasonally frozen layer on ground amplification characteristics. Soil profiles of Yakutsk and Chara in Eastern Siberia were selected from geotechnical reports. 20 recorded ground motions were used to evaluate the effect of input motions. As the thickness of seasonally frozen layer and the difference in the shear wave velocity increases, the amplification is shown to increase. Peat, very soft organic soil widely distributed throughout Eastern Siberia, is shown to cause significant ground motion amplification. It is therefore recommended to account for its influence on propagated motion.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-40
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• 2022

Recently, the Arctic resource development project, where undeveloped energy resources (oil, natural gas, etc.) are deposited, is actively being promoted for the perspective of diversifying the construction market and developing future energy resources. However, the frozen ground always has problems such as sinking and frost-heaving due to extreme weather. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the thermal characteristics of the frozen soil to secure the stability of the ground structure. In this study, a series of laboratory tests were performed to evaluated the thermal characteristics of frozen soil samples in the oil sand field in Alberta, Canada. In additon, it was compared with the results of domestic(Gangwond-do) sample performed under the same conditions. As a comparison results of the experiments, it was clarified that the different frozen water content and thermal conductivity characteristics by temperature after completion of freezing could affect the frozen soil behavior.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2014.05a
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• pp.20-21
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• 2014

Recently, activation of related construction projects due to the large traditional gas resource development of frozen soil region of Russia are expected. It is necessary to provide a plan that can be utilized and collectively managed the occurrence data in the engineering & construction stage for continued contracts of the pipe construction. Therefore, this research is aimed to provide a management plan of occurrence data for efficient management in engineering & construction stage of pipeline business in frozen soil region. The data of the engineering & construction(related pipe construction projects) can be accumulated each version and multiply managed. Furthermore, I will be expected to be the foundation of the systematic management of the classifying based on metadata and the optimizing operations using big data method.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2016

An active layer distributed on surface of an extreme cold region causes a frost heave by repeating the freezing and thawing according to the seasonal temperature change. Since the height of frost heave is greatly affected by the thickness of active layer, an accurate evaluation of the thickness of active layer is necessary for the safe design and construction of the infrastructure in the extreme cold region. In this study, dynamic cone penetrometer, which is miniaturized in-situ penetration device, is applied for the evaluation of active layer depth distribution. As the application tests, two dynamic cone penetration tests were conducted on the study sites located in Solomon and Alaska. In addition, ground temperature variations were obtained. As the results of the application tests, the depth of interface between the active layer and the permafrost was evaluated from the difference in dynamic cone penetration indexes of the active layer and the permafrost, and a layer was detected around the interface considered as an ice lens layer. Also, the interface depths between the above zero and the below zero temperature determined from the ground temperature variations correspond with the interface depths evaluated from the dynamic cone penetration tests. This study demonstrates that the dynamic cone penetrometer may be a useful tool for the evaluation of the active layer in the extreme cold region.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2014

Due to the latitudinal location of Korea, the seasonally frozen ground has been focused on as research topics such as the frost heaving under the asphalt road rather than the permafrost ground. However, the recent construction of the second Korean Antarctic research station, the Jangbogo station and the participation on the development of the natural gas pipeline in Russia arouse the research interests on the behavior of the permafrost ground. At the design process of the geotechnical structures on the permafrost ground, the evaluation of the creep characteristics of the frozen soil is very crucial. Since the domestic specification on the frozen soil testing does not exist currently, it is necessary to evaluate the creep characteristics of frozen soils systematically with regard to the affecting factors. Therefore, the creep characteristics of the frozen specimens of dense Jumoonjin sand were evaluated under various loads at -5 and $-10^{\circ}C$. Based on the test results, as the load became close to the strength and the temperature became lower, the duration of the secondary creep became shorter and more distinct tertiary creep responses were observed.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.275-291
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• 2023

Global warming has made the polar regions more accessible, leading to increased demand for the construction of new resource-development plants in oil-rich permafrost regions. The selection of locations of resource-development plants in permafrost regions should consider the surface displacement resulting from thawing and freezing of the active layer of permafrost. However, few studies have considered surface displacement in the selection of optimal locations of resource-development plants in permafrost region. In this study, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis using a range of geospatial information variables was performed to select optimal locations for the construction of oil-sands development plants in the permafrost region of southern Athabasca, Alberta, Canada, including consideration of surface displacement. The surface displacement velocity was estimated by applying the Small BAseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar technique to time-series Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar images acquired from February 2007 to March 2011. ERA5 reanalysis data were used to generate geospatial data for air temperature, surface temperature, and soil temperature averaged for the period 2000~2010. Geospatial data for roads and railways provided by Statistics Canada and land cover maps distributed by the North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation were also used in the AHP analysis. The suitability of sites analyzed using land cover, surface displacement, and road accessibility as the three most important geospatial factors was validated using the locations of oil-sand plants built since 2010. The sensitivity of surface displacement to the determination of location suitability was found to be very high. We confirm that surface displacement should be considered in the selection of optimal locations for the construction of new resource-development plants in permafrost regions.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.75-79
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• 2013

The frost depth is one of important factors in the design of structures such as roadways, buried pipeline, and foundations. A frost indicator with methylene blue solution has several advantages with respect to installation cost, maintenance, and simple measurement. However, as a geotechnical engineering aspect, the accuracy of the frost indicator has not been proved yet. This paper presents experimental and field investigations of the accuracy of the frost indicator and contour maps of maximum frost depth. The contour maps of maximum frost depth can be applied to design geo-infrastructure in South Korea.