• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

In this paper, the factors affecting the dynamic characteristics of a polyurethane spring restoring disk bearing are analysed to predict the dynamic behavior of the bearing. The prediction results and the test results are compared. The Young's modulus of the polyurethane spring, which varies according to strain of spring and the friction coefficient, of PTFE (PolyTetraFluoroEthylene), which varies according to the velocity and pressure of PTFE, are considered as the factors influencing the dynamic characteristics. W-PTFE virgin products are used and polyurethane springs are produced for the tests. The equation related to changing the friction coefficient and the modulus of elasticity are obtained through an inverse estimation of the test results. The estimation results, considering the factors affecting the dynamic characteristics, simulate the test results more appropriately than the estimation without the consideration of those factors.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.405-421
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• 2018

In most of cases, the wall friction coefficients applied for local tunnel design are quoted directly from foreign data or local design guideline. In the previous studies, the wall friction coefficient was estimated using the velocity decay method. However, it is difficult to estimate the wall friction coefficient when the convergence wind velocity in the tunnel is negative (-) or if there is a change in the natural wind. Therefore, in this study, the wall friction coefficient is estimated by applying the dynamic simulation technique in addition to the conventional the velocity decay method. As a result of the analysis, the coefficient of wall friction in the tunnels for the total of 9 tunnels (18 tubes both directions) was 0.011~0.025, and the mean value was estimated to be 0.020. In addition, the wall friction coefficient obtained quantitatively through this study was compared with the current design criteria.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2007

Recently, the probability of rock joints being exposed to free faces is getting higher for the scale of rock mass structures gets larger. Also, the frequency of occurring dynamic events such as earthquakes and blasting has been increasing. Thus, the shear behavior of rock joints under different conditions needs to be investigated. In this study, a series of direct shear tests were carried out under various conditions to examine the velocity-dependent shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints. Two types of direct shear test were carried out. The first was to examine the velocity-dependent shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints at seven different shear velocities, each with three different normal stresses. The second was to examine the shear behavior of saw-cut rock joints when three different instantaneous shear velocities changed. As a result, the coefficient of friction was affected by normal stress. The breakpoint velocity, the point when the change of shear velocity starts to affect the frictional behavior, became lower as normal stress increased. Also, as the shear velocity became lower, the degree of stress-drop on stick-slip behavior became larger. As a result of examining the changes of friction coefficient, velocity weakening (decrease of friction coefficient) was observed. The decrement of friction coefficient due to the changes of shear velocity under slow shear velocity was larger than that under fast shear velocity.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.207-213
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• 2001

Shaking table tests to investigate the dynamic friction behavior of interfaces between dense dry granular soils and construction material(concrete) were performed and the results are reported. The results show the variation of dynamic interface friction coefficients between dense dry granular soils and construction material was small in the sliding velocity range employed in this study. It was also observed that dynamic interface friction coefficients decreased as mean grain sizes of granular soils increased. These coefficients were compared with the friction coefficients obtained from the peak internal friction angles of the same granular soils by plane strain compression tests.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.265-268
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• 1999

감쇠가 큰 고분자 복합재료에서 초음파 다중반사파를 이용한 Pulse Echo법, 공진주파수에서 내부마찰계수 측정법과 Rheometer를 이용한 동적탄성계수 측정법을 사용하여 음향감쇠계수를 측정하고 각각의 측정자료를 비교하는 연구를 수행하였다. Pulse Echo법을 이용하여 0.5, 1.0, 2.25MHz에서 음향감쇠계수를 측정하였고, 이때 폴리에틸렌기지 복합재료의 음향감쇠계수는 강화재의 부피분율에 따라 3-15dB/cm 정도로 큰 값을 나타내었다. 폴리에틸렌기지 복합재료를 600kHz 근처에서 공진주파수를 가지도록 시편을 만든 후에 내부마찰계수를 측정한 결과로 계산된 음향감쇠계수는 Pulse Echo 실험에서 구한 값과 잘 일치하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. Rheometer를 이용한 동적탄성계수 측정법은 0.1-100Hz의 주파수에서 측정한 자료를 TTSP 이론을 이용하여 1MHz의 결과와 비교하였는데, 단일 고분자 재료에서는 다른 측정방법과 음향감쇠계수가 일치하였지만 복합재료에서는 음향감쇠계수값이 일치하지 않는 결과를 나타내었다.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2018

Generally, the total ventilation resistance coefficient in a tunnel consists of inlet/outlet loss coefficient, wall friction coefficient, and other loss coefficient caused by sudden expansion and contraction of cross-section, etc. For the tunnel before opening, when the running ventilation fan is stopped, the wind speed in the tunnel is reduced by the total ventilation resistance drag. The velocity decay method is comparatively stable and easy to estimate the wall friction coefficient in the pre-opening tunnel. However, the existing study reported that when the converging wind speed is a negative value after the ventilation fan stops, it is difficult to estimate the wall friction coefficient according to the velocity decay method. On the other hand, for the operating tunnel in which the piston effect acts, a more complex process is performed; however, a reasonable wall friction coefficient can be estimated. This paper aims at suggesting a method to minimize the measurement variables of the piston effect and reviewing a method that can be applied to the operating tunnel. Also, in this study, a new method has been developed, which enables to calculate an variation of the piston effect if the piston effect is constant with a sudden change of external natural wind occurring while the wind speed in the tunnel decreases after the ventilation fan stops, and a programming logic has been also developed, which enables dynamic simulation analysis in order to estimate the wall friction coefficient in a tunnel.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.103-108
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• 2007

This paper presents a friction model to realize self-excited vibration of multi-body systems. The friction coefficient is modeled with a spline function in most commercial codes. Even if such a function resolves the problem of discontinuity in friction force, it cannot realize self-excited vibration phenomena. Furthermore, as the relative velocity approaches zero, the friction coefficient approaches zero with the conventional model. So, slip occurs when small force is applied to the system. To avoid these problems a new friction model is proposed in this study. With the new friction model, the self-excited vibration can be realized since the friction coefficient changes with the relative velocity. Furthermore, the slip phenomena could be reduced significantly with the proposed model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.17 no.6 s.123
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• pp.524-530
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• 2007

This paper presents a friction model to realize self-excited vibration of multi-body systems. The friction coefficient is modeled with a spline function in most commercial codes. Even if such a function resolves the problem of discontinuity in friction force, it cannot realize self-excited vibration phenomena. Furthermore, as the relative velocity approaches zero, the friction coefficient approaches zero with the conventional model. So, slip occurs when small force is applied to the system. To avoid these problems a new friction model is proposed in this study. With the new friction model, the self-excited vibration can be realized since the friction coefficient changes with the relative velocity. Furthermore, the slip phenomena could be reduced significantly with the proposed model.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1994

This study presents the nonlinear dynamic analysis method of the multi-span continuous bridge considering the friction of the expansion bearings. Also the numerical analysis is performed for estimating the effect of the friction on the seismic response of the multi-span continuous bridge under the longitudinal ground motion compatible to Korean bridge design response spectra. It is found that even small friction coefficient of the expansion bearings has significant effect on reducing the superstructure displacement due to energy dissipation and distributing the inertia force of the superstructure to the substructures due to frictional force. It is observed that such favorable friction effects increase as the friction coefficient increases and the magnitude of the ground motion decreases. Therefore, the friction of the expansion bearings can be effectively used for the safe and economic design of the continuous span bridge with many spans and large superstructure weight under the small to medium scale longitudinal ground motions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.541-549
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• 2018

This paper deals with the braking dynamic behavior of diesel electric locomotive pulling domestic cargo and passenger vehicles. Friction coefficient, pneumatic pressure, and running resistance affecting the braking system were tested. For the friction coefficient, the Dynamo test was performed with reference to UIC 541-4. The results are analyzed by multivariate regression and the relationship between braking force and ititial velocity is presented. The pneumatic pressure were classified into service braking and emergency braking. In order to reflect the characteristics of the brake valve and piping, the pressure rising over time was measured in the vehicle. In order to reflect the external force acting on the vehicle, we carried out the test of EN 14067-4 and presented the second order polynomial formula on a running resistance. The running resistance test results were compared with other countries. The dynamic behavior of a diesel electric locomotive running on a straight flat track based on vehicle resources, friction coefficient, braking pressure, and running resistance is simulated using the time integration presented in EN 14531-1. The simulation results were compared and verified with the vehicle braking test results. The results of this study can be used to analyze the dynamic braking behavior of a train. Also, it is expected that various parameters affecting braking in vehicle design can be analyzed and used as basic data for braking performance improvement.