• Proceedings of the Korea Multimedia Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.203-206
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 다양하고 실재적인 조명과 얼굴방향에 관계없이 원활하게 실시간으로 눈을 추적하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 기존의 능동적 적외선 조명을 이용한 대다수의 눈 추적장치들은 밝은 동공효과를 이용하고 있다. 그러나, 눈 깜박임, 외부 조명 간섭과 같은 여러 가지 요소로 인하여 동공들이 충분하게 밝게 나타나지 않는 경우가 많이 있다. 그러므로, 본 논문에서는 능동적 적외선 조명을 기반으로 한 칼만 필터링을 이용한 객체 추적 방법과 전형적인 외관을 기반으로 객체 인식 방법을 결합함으로써, 외부 조명의 간섭으로 밝은 동공 효과가 나타나지 않는 경우에도 견실하게 눈을 검출하고 추적 할 수 있는 방법을 제안한다. 눈 검출과 추적을 위해 SVM과 평균 이동 추적 방법을 사용하였고, 적외선 조명과 카메라를 포함한 영상 획득 장치를 구성하여 기존의 방법과 비교 실험한 결과 제안된 방법은 일부 피검자의 경우 100% 완벽하게 눈 추적을 할 수 있음을 보여 주었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.359-362
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 홍채 인식을 할 때 여러 가지 자세 변화에 민감한 홍채 패턴을 일정한 기준에 따라 항상 고정된 형태로 추출하기 위해 눈꺼풀의 윤곽을 검출하여 눈의 모양을 바로잡는 방법을 소개한다. 이와 더불어 효과적인 홍채 영역 검출을 위한 정확한 동공의 경계 측정과 공막 경계 측정을 위한 새로운 방법을 제시한다. Template Matching과 Mean Shape을 이용하여 여러 가지 다양한 눈의 형태와 눈썹의 영향 때문에 판단이 까다로운 눈꺼풀의 경계를 검출하였다. 동공 경계의 자세한 검출은 Hough Transform을 이용하였고 공막의 경계는 최소 자승법을 이용하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.399-405
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• 2010

In this paper, the movement faces the problem of the difficult points upon the gaze of the user that corrective action is needed to solve the identification system offers a new perspective. Using the Kalman filter using the position information of the current head position estimated the future. In order to determine the authenticity of the face features of the face structural element information and the processing time is relatively fast horizontal and vertical histogram analysis method to detect the elements of the face. and people grow and infrared bright pupil effect obtained by constructing a real-time pupil detection, tracking and pupil - geulrinteu vectors are extracted.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.973-980
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• 2011

In this paper, we gaze upon the movement faces the problem points are difficult to identify a user based on points and that corrective action is needed to solve the identification system is proposed a new eye. Kalman filter, the current head of the location information was used to estimate the future position in order to determine the authenticity of the face facial features and structural elements, the information and the processing time is relatively fast horizontal and vertical elements of the face using the histogram analysis to detect. And an infrared illuminator obtained by constructing a bright pupil effect in real-time detection of the pupil, the pupil was tracked - geulrinteu vectors are extracted.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.9
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• pp.876-884
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• 2003

It is essential to identify both the pupil and iris boundaries for iris recognition. The circular edge detector proposed by Daugman is the most common and powerful method for the iris region extraction. The method is accurate but requires lots of computational time since it is based on the exhaustive search. Some heuristic methods have been proposed to reduce the computational time, but they are not as accurate as that of Daugman. In this paper, we propose a pupil and iris boundary finding algorithm which is faster than and as accurate as that of Daugman. The proposed algorithm searches the boundaries using the Daugman's circular edge detector, but reduces the search region using the problem domain knowledge. In order to find the pupil boundary, the search region is restricted in the maximum and minimum bounding circles in which the pupil resides. The bounding circles are obtained from the binarized pupil image. Two iris boundary points are obtained from the horizontal line passing through the center of the pupil region obtained above. These initial boundary points, together with the pupil point comprise two bounding circles. The iris boundary is searched in this bounding circles. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is faster than that of Daugman and more accurate than the conventional heuristic methods.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 2009

The vision-based driver fatigue detection is one of the most prospective commercial applications of facial expression recognition technology. The facial feature tracking is the primary technique issue in it. Current facial tracking technology faces three challenges: (1) detection failure of some or all of features due to a variety of lighting conditions and head motions; (2) multiple and non-rigid object tracking; and (3) features occlusion when the head is in oblique angles. In this paper, we propose a new active approach. First, the active IR sensor is used to robustly detect pupils under variable lighting conditions. The detected pupils are then used to predict the head motion. Furthermore, face movement is assumed to be locally smooth so that a facial feature can be tracked with a Kalman filter. The simultaneous use of the pupil constraint and the Kalman filtering greatly increases the prediction accuracy for each feature position. Feature detection is accomplished in the Gabor space with respect to the vicinity of predicted location. Local graphs consisting of identified features are extracted and used to capture the spatial relationship among detected features. Finally, a graph-based reliability propagation is proposed to tackle the occlusion problem and verify the tracking results. The experimental results show validity of our active approach to real-life facial tracking under variable lighting conditions, head orientations, and facial expressions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.603-607
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• 2004

The vision-based driver fatigue detection is one of the most prospective commercial applications of facial expression recognition technology. The facial feature tracking is the primary technique issue in it. Current facial tracking technology faces three challenges: (1) detection failure of some or all of features due to a variety of lighting conditions and head motions; (2) multiple and non-rigid object tracking and (3) features occlusion when the head is in oblique angles. In this paper, we propose a new active approach. First, the active IR sensor is used to robustly detect pupils under variable lighting conditions. The detected pupils are then used to predict the head motion. Furthermore, face movement is assumed to be locally smooth so that a facial feature can be tracked with a Kalman filter. The simultaneous use of the pupil constraint and the Kalman filtering greatly increases the prediction accuracy for each feature position. Feature detection is accomplished in the Gabor space with respect to the vicinity of predicted location. Local graphs consisting of identified features are extracted and used to capture the spatial relationship among detected features. Finally, a graph-based reliability propagation is proposed to tackle the occlusion problem and verify the tracking results. The experimental results show validity of our active approach to real-life facial tracking under variable lighting conditions, head orientations, and facial expressions.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.325-332
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• 1994

In this paper, a method is proposed to detect the endocardial contour of the left ventricle using the Hough transform with a weighted model and edge information from the 2D echocardiogram. The implementation of this method is as follows: first, an approximate model detection algorithm was implemented in order to detect the approximate endocardium model and the model center, then we constructed a weighted model with the detected model. Next, we found automatically the cavity center of the left ventricle performing the Hough transform which used the weighted model, and then we detected the endocardial contour using weighted model and edge image.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2015

Recently the need for advanced security technologies are increasing as the occurrence of intelligent crime is growing fastly. Previous liveness detection and fake face detection methods are required for the improvement of accuracy in order to be put to practical use. In this paper, we propose a new liveness detection method using pupil reflection, and new fake image detection using Adaboost detector. The proposed system detects eyes based on multi-scale Gabor feature vector in the first stage, The template matching plays a role in determining the allowed eye area. And then, the reflected image in the pupil is used to decide whether or not the captured image is live or not. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is superior to the previous methods in the detection accuracy of fake images.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.11a
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• pp.508-510
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• 2020

2015년도부터 2019년도까지 5년간 고속도로에서 1,079명의 사망자가 발생하였으며, 이중 졸음운전 및 주시 태만이 729명(67.6%)로 가장 많았다. 졸음운전 방지를 위해 휴게소, 졸음쉼터 등 노력하고 있으나 이러한 노력에도 졸음운전으로 인한 사고는 지금까지도 계속해서 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 사고를 방지하기 위해 적외선 카메라를 이용한 영상 촬영하여 안면검출 해석과 서비스를 구현하였다. 안면검출을 통한 동공 상태의 여부와 적합한 수면 판단 기준으로 PERCLOS(Percentage of Eye Closure)을 적용하였다. 운전자의 동공의 장축과 단축의 비율이 1 : 0.35 미만 일 때, 운전자가 졸음상태라 판단하고 음성 알람을 통해 졸음방지를 개선할 수 있었다.