• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.131-138
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• 2003

A toxicological study of the pesticides for rice paddy to loach was conducted with iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3 % GR, and butachlor 5 % GR to establish the field test method and their toxicological effects on loach under the actual field conditions. The type C of cage was more effective in the sense of a little stress from the cage. The nets for shading and for preventing the birds were necessary to maintain the water temperature and to prevent the predators. The cumulative mortality of loach exposed to iprobenfos 17% GR, diazinon 3% GR and butachlor 5% GR were 10, 55 and 22%, respectively, during 7 days of exposure. The averaged concentration of the pesticides in paddy water 2 days after application were 1.67, 0.22 and 0.26 mg/L, and mortalities were 7, 50 and 17%, respectively, representing the similar results with acute toxicity $(48h-LC_{50})$.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 1993

Chloramphenicol (CAP) is a very effective broad-spectrum antibiotic which had been widely used in animal production. However, the drug is not approved in many countries for use in food-producing animals because of its potential toxicity and the possibility of residues in food products. In this study, a modified microbiological assay was developed for the sensitive detection of CAP residues in meat and milk. The method was characterized by the extraction of CAP with ethyl acetate, addition of $0.15\;\mu\textrm{g}$ oxytetracycline/ml in the phosphate buffer diluent (pH 6.0), a luteus ATCC 9341. The lowest levels of CAP detected in muscle tissues and milk were $0.025\;\mu\textrm{g}/ml\;and\;0.05\;\mu\textrm{g}/g$, respectively. Recovery rates free CAP from milk were 68.5%, from bovine muscle 65.1%, from swine muscle 63.8%, and from chicken muscle 59.4%, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 1.8~15.1%. The results showed that the detection limits of CAP residues in animal products could significantly be improved by the modified microbiological assay than the conventional ones.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2020

To evaluate the safety of bacteriophages for application of sanitizer, endotoxin content and cell cytotoxicity of two Escherichia coli and four Staphylococcus aureus phages were determined. Endotoxin ratio was determined by the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay as a test for representative biological endotoxin content. The average endotoxin average content of the 9 log PFU/mL lysate was 18.6 EU/mL and that of the 10 log PFU/mL lysate was 5.9 EU/mL, suggesting that the phage lysate was not suitable for clinical applications, but suitable for food pathogen control applications. To confirm the cell cytotoxicity of the phage lysates, MTT assay was performed using Raw 264.7 cells treated with 9 log PFU/mL phages. Results of the assay indicated that the phage lysates did not significantly decrease the cell viability (p>0.05). These results indicated that bacteriophages would be suitable as a food safety sanitizer.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.529-538
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• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate the acute oral toxicity of Corydalis turtschaninovii BESS. in Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats. Male and female rats were administered orally with Corydalis turtschaninovii BESS water extract. We measured the number of death by clinical signs and gross findings for 7 days. After 7 days, we measured the whole body and individual organs' weight. We also analyzed hematological changes. The result, no dead SD rats and no clinical signs were found during the experiment period. Also other specific changes were not found between control and treated groups in hematology and serum biochemistry. The results indicated that there were no significant changes of gross body and individual organs weight in SD rats. These results suggest that water soluble extract of Corydalis turtschaninovii BESS. has not acute oral toxicity in SD rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1993.04a
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• pp.130-130
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• 1993

실험목적: KR 53170 및 KR 53234 는 천연물에서 분리 추출한 화합물로 terpene lacton ring을 가진 약산성 물질이다. in vitro 항종양 실험에서 종양억제효과가 있었고 in vivo 항종양 실험에서도 유의성 있는 효과가 있었으며 급성 경구독성시험에서도 독성이 낮은 것으로 평가 되었다. 이에 따라 KR 53170 등의 약물동태학적인 성질을 연구하여 독성실험과 임상실험을 위한 용법용량을 결정하고 나아가 본약물의 제제개발에 도움이 되도록 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방법: KR 53170 및 53234은 경구시 20mg/kg, 정맥투여시는 10mg/kg로 투여하였다. Rat의 혈장 sample 채취는 ether로 흡입마취 시킨 후 heart puncture 하였다. 뇨시료는 대사 cage를 이용하여 채취하였으며 얻어진 모든 시료는 HPLC로 분석 하였다. 분석결과는 computer program 'Multi-free'를 이용하여 주요 pqarameter를 산출하였다. 인체혈액에 대한 혈청단백결합율 측정은 ultrafiltration법을 이용하였다. 즉 YMT membrane을 이용하여주요 parameter를 산출하였다. 인체혈액에 대한 혈청단백결합율 측정은 ultrafiltration법을 이용하였다. 즉 YMT membrane을 이용하여 유리약물을 분리하여 HPLC로 정량하였다. 결과 및 고찰: 1. KR 53170 10mg/kg 정맥투여시 최고혈중농도는 0.55ug/ml, 반감기는 0.51hr, 분포용적은 4.5L이었다. 20mg/kg를 경구 투여시 최고 혈중농도는 0.18ug/ml, 반감기는 3.5기산이고 AUC는 0.91ug.ml, 분포용적 28Lm, Ka 3.49$hr^{－1}$ 그리고 Cl는 5.5L/hr/kg이었다. 이는 투여용량에 비해 매우 적은량이 흡수되고 배설 된 것으로 약물이 혈액에 대한 용해도 문제에 기인하는 것으로 간주된다. 2. KR 53234 10mg/kg 정맥투여후의 최고혈중농도는 1.14ug/ml, 반감기는 0.50hr, 분포용적은 2.2L이었다. 20mg/kg 경구 투여시의 최소 혈중 농도는 0.33 ug/ml, 소실반감기는 1.5시간, AUC는 0.942ug.hr/ml, 분포용적 11L, Ka는 3.05 $hr^{－1}$ 그리고 Cl는 5.3L/hr/kg이었다. 이는 KR 53170에서와 같이 매우 적은량이 흡수되고 배설되었다. 3. KR 53170의 혈청단백 결합율은 5-500 ug/ml 범위에서 78.7-86.2%이었고 KR 53234의 혈청단백결합율은 5-100 ug/ml 범위에서 79.6-71.2%이었다.이었다.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.238-244
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• 2012

Toxic effects of heavy metal (Pb, Cr, As) were examined by the hatching rates of fertilized eggs in the oliver flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Eggs were exposed to Pb, Cr, As (0, 10, 100, 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000 ppb) and then normal hatching rates were investigated after 48 h. The normal hatching rates in the control condition (not including heavy metal) were greater than 80%, but suddenly decreased with increasing of heavy metal concentrations. Pb, Cr and As reduced the normal hatching rates in concentration-dependent way and a significant reduction occurred at concentration grater than 100, 100, 500 ppb, respectively. The ranking of heavy metal toxicity was Cr>As>Pb, with $EC_{50}$ values of 415, 518 and 1,029 ppb, respectively. The no-observed-effect-concentration (NOEC) and lowest-observed-effect-concentration (LOEC) show each 100 bbp and 500 ppb of normal hatching rates in exposed to Pb and As. The NOEC and LOEC of normal hatching rates in Cr were 10 ppb and 100 ppb, respectively. From these results, the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus have toxic effect at greater than the 100 ppb concentrations in Pb, As and the 10 ppb concentrations in Cr in natural ecosystems. These results suggest that biological assay using the normal hatching rates of P. olivaceus are very useful test method for the toxicity assessment of a toxic substance as heavy metal in marine ecosystems.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.109-111
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• 2010

Recent studies have described various microorganisms that can degrade PAH, however, there are currently limited methods available to screen for PAH-degrading microorganisms. To screen for PAH-degrading microorganisms, a sublimation method (Alley, Jeremy F. and Lewis R. Brown. 2000. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 66, 439-442) was modified to produce a simple screening system. In our results, there were several bacterial species capable of pyrene degradation including genera, Coryenbacterium, Gordonia, Rhodococcus, and Streptomyces, which have been screened from 350 bacterial isolates of commercial gasoline and oil-spilled sediment by the sublimation method. The main advantage of this method is that it (i) safely deposits an even, thin and visible layer of PAH onto the agar surface without the use of solvents and (ii) the quantity of PAH sublimed onto the agar can be easily controlled. Overall, this sublimation method may be an effective and simple technique to screen for PAH-degrading microorganisms.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2017

Several bioassays have been performed for assessment of the impact of polluted sediments. The direct exposure method using sediments is limited by difficulty controlling feeding and its effects on organisms. Furthermore, only macro-organisms and benthic organisms are used. To evaluate the potential application of sediment elutriate as a complementary strategy for impact assessment, copepods, small organisms with a short life cycle, were exposed to sediment elutriates, and several end-points were measured. As a result, sediment elutriates prepared from polluted sites caused growth retardation in marine copepods. In terms of molecular biomarkers, antioxidant-related and chaperone protein gene expression levels were increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, we suggest that sediment elutriate tests can provide an effective alternative for toxicity assessment using whole sediment samples. Further studies are required to obtain sufficient data for future applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.117-119
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• 2008

It is very important to protect life, property at sea from any fire. Recommendation on improved fire test procedures for surface flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials specifies a procedure for measuring fire characterizing their flammability and thus their suitability for use in marine construction. In this paper, we investigated the positive expected by fire test procedures for flammability of bulkhead, ceiling and deck finish materials. Also, unusual materials were analyzed. Finally, we suggest methods to solve several problems related to unusual materials.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.747-756
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• 2023

Purpose: In this study, a grout material mixed using non-alkaline silica-based materials, which is an eco-friendly injection material to stabilize ground, is investigated to improve conventional problems. Method: The homogel specimens of Eco-Friendly Non-Alkaline Silica Sol (ENASS) and L.W. and S.G.R., representative silicate grouting are manufactured. Physicochemical and engineering properties of the specimens are evaluated in laboratory with uniaxial compression strength, hydraulic conductivity, shrinkage, chemical resistance, elution, fish poison, waste leaching. Result: Laboratory test results show that the ENASS was superior in all aspects compared to the existing injection matirial. The suitability of the grout material with ENASS is investigated with filed tests. Conclusion: The results of laboratory and field tests demonstrates that the grout material with ENASS is eco-friendly material that increases the strength, decreases the permeability, and discharges pollutants without leaching.