• Environmental engineer
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• s.178
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• pp.66-72
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• 2001

기존의 Microtox assay를 대체하고 국내 실정에 맞는 독성검사-조기경보장치를 개발하기 위하여 독성물질에 매우 민감하게 반응하는 새로운 세균을 수계에서 분리하여 발광유전자인 luxAB로 형질전환시켰다. 또한, luxAB유전자를 포함하는 플라스미드로 형질전환된 균주를 이용하여 여러 가지 독성물질에 대한 독성검사를 수행하였다. 민감도를 증진시킨 균주 YH9-RC를 대상으로 여러 가지 화합물에 대한 EC50 값을 측정하였을 때 기존의 Microtox

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.191-197
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• 2005

A new method, ToxTemp (TOXcity test based on TEMPerature control) using Ceridaphnia dubia was applied to evaluate the toxicity of insecticide materials and compared with the standard 48 hr acute bioassay. BPMC, diazinon and fenitrothion may cause the inhibition to the biological process in sewage treatment plant and need to detect toxicity within short contact time. The ToxTemp method showed sensitive detection with more shorter contact of 1-1.5 hr time than that of the standard 48 hr acute bioassay. To evaluate toxicity of real wastewater/sewage, the inhibition rate of nitrification and oxygen uptake rate (OUR) using activated sludge, the standard 48hr acute bioassay and ToxTemp method using C. dubia were compared, respectively. On the basis of the inhibition rate of nitrification, the OUR test showed the less sensitive results at the relatively strong toxic sewage. On the other hands, the standard 48hr acute bioassay and ToxTemp method using C. dubia represented the toxicity of each wastewater/sewage with high sensitivity. Even the slightly low (about 1.5%) sensitivity, the ToxTemp method showed the high applicability to the real site of sewage treatment plant.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

Water flea is a widely used test species in the aquatic ecotoxicity test. In Korea, D. magna is currently used as a standard test species, however that do not inhabit in the Korean aquatic ecosystem. In this study, Daphnia galeata, which is a dominant species in the Korean aquatic ecosystem, was collected from domestic lake and investigated to suggest the D. galeata for ecotoxicity assessment in Korea. We investigated the characteristics, life span, and toxicity sensitivity compared with D. magna. The life span test of D. galeata was performed in this study, and then the results were compared to the sensitivity with D. magna to confirm the applicability for ecotoxicity assessment. The 48h-L(E)C50 values for seven heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, and Zn) of D. galeata and D. magna were collected and analyzed. As a results, shorter lifetime, less reproduction, smaller body size of D. galeata were observed compared with D. magna. D. galeata was similar or more sensitive than D. magna for seven heavy metals. Therefore, we propose that D. galeata is a suitable test species for ecotoxicity testing in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2015

Acute toxicity tests for 5 organic solvents were conducted using Euglena agilis carter (E. agilis), a Korean domestic organism. Organic solvents decreased the growth rate of E. agilis in a dose dependent manner. The toxicity to E. agilis was increased in the order of chloroform>acetone${\geq}$ethanol${\geq}$methanol>DMSO based on $EC_{50}$ values from growth test. Organic solvents also induced cell motility and morphological changes of E. agilis. Especially significant effects on the cell swimming velocity, motility, and compactness were observed for chloroform at the concentration of $EC_{50}$ calculated from 96 hr growth test. Overall, toxic responses of E. agilis to test substances are comparable to or more sensitive than D. magna, M. macrocopa and V. fischeri. Our study demonstrates that E. agilis can be a putative ecotoxicity test model organism to assess domestic water quality. Results obtained from this study can be applied to establish the standard test guidelines for ecotoxicity test using E. agilis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Urban Environment
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 2018

In this study, the mixed toxicity of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Hg) and surfactants (SLS, ALS) was evaluated by using Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna. The sensitivity of ecotoxicity to heavy metals was sensitive to daphnia but the case of surfactants were more sensitive to Vibrio fischeri. Experimental results of Vibrio fischeri show that the toxicity value P(O) was lower than the predicted value P(E), and the antagonistic effect was observed when the heavy metal and the surfactant were mixed. It seems that SLS and ALS, which are anionic surfactants, have anionic form on the hydrophilic head, so that they have an antagonistic effect that they are bonded with heavy metal ion which is a cation type and the actual toxicity is lowered. In Daphnia magna, the results showed that antagonistic, additive and synergistic effects were in order as concentrations increased. As the concentration increases, Daphnia magna, which is highly sensitive to heavy metals, seems to have a synergistic effect with a rapid increase in mortality.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.795-801
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• 2010

The acute toxicity of arsenic compounds was assessed and compared using following four bioassays; bioluminescence activity of the recombinant strain RB1436, germination of four different seeds, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity produced by Bacillus lichemiformis, acute genetic revertant mutation using mutant strain Salmonella typhimurium. Different sensitivities were observed among tested bioassays, but generally the toxicity by arsenite was greater than that of arsenate. Among tested four seeds, sensitivities of Lactucus and Raphanus were greater than others, and these two seed types were appeared as proper type for bioassay. High revertant mutation ratio (5.1) was observed with 1 mg/L arsenite, indicating high mutagenicity. The sensitivity of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase activity on arsenic compounds was much lower than other methods. The evaluation of interactive toxic effects using various bioassays may comprise a useful tool for the bioassessment of environmental pollutants.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• v.26 no.4 s.207
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• pp.22-24
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• 2005

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 1986

This study was performed to determine the aquatic toxicity of 3 chemicals(butachlor, trichlorfon, and BPMC) to 3 teat organisms (fish, crustacean, and algae) which represent each trophic level in freshwater ecosystem, and to compare the sensitivity of these organisms to 3 chemicals with short-term test. Scenedesmus subspicatus, unicellular algae, was the most sensitive species of 3 organisms to butachlor and the ratio between least and most sensitive organisms was 5.7. Moina rectirostris, freshwater invertebrate, was also more sensitive organism than S. subspicatus and Oryzias latipes to trichlorfon and BPMC, and their ratios were 260,000 and 5,090. As a result, remarkable differences were observed in the sensitivities among the test organisms with different chemical structure and mode of action of the chemicals. Therefore, it is recommended that a set of tests on different species, including the representative species of fish, invertebrate, and algae, should be required in short-term aquatic toxicity test for chemicals introduced into the Korean environment.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.124-131
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• 2016

The toxic responses of flagellate Euglena agilis Carter to 8 heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr (VI), Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured using E. agilis system (E-Tox), an automated biomonitoring system. The E-Tox measures cell movement parameters, such as velocity, motility, and forms of the cells, as biological endpoints. $EC_{50}$ values from the E. agilis biomonitoring test were compared with the literature data from the tests with Daphnia magna, Vibrio fischeri and Euglena gracilis. Measurement of the E. agilis movement behavior and D. magna acute toxicity test were also conducted for the wastewater samples. E. agilis is less sensitive than D. magna but is comparable to or more sensitive than V. fischeri and E. gracilis for the heavy metals tested in this study. E. agilis shows prompt changes of these parameters for the toxic metal plating wastewater. Major advantages of the E-tox are automatic, easy to handle and fast ecotoxicity monitoring system compared to other biological test systems. These results imply that E. agilis biomonitoring test using E-Tox can be a putative ecotoxicity test as a good early warning tool for the monitoring of toxic wastewater.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2005

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of temperature on the survival, growth and sensitivity of the benthic amphipods, Mandibuluphoxus mai and Monocnrophium acherusicum, which have been recently developed as new sediment toxicity testing species in Korea. The biological performance for each amphipod species was determined by the survival and growth rates at different water temperatures. The influence of temperature on the sensitivity to reference toxicant, Cd, was determined by the comparison of survival rates of amphipods exposed to control and Cd-spiked seawater at different temperatures. Temperature significantly influenced on the survival, growth and Cd sensitivity of both amphipods. Tolerable ranges of temperature for the >80％ individuals of both M. mai and M. acherusicum with sediment substrates were mostly overlapped (13 to 22℃). The daily growth rates of M. mai and M. acherkisicum increased proportionally with temperature up to 20℃ and 25℃. respectively. Similarly, the sensitivities of M. mai and M. acheyusicum to Cd increased with temperature up to 20℃ and 15℃, respectively. Overall results showed that temperature is a substantially important factor potentially influencing the results of lethal and sublethal bioassays using the amphipods. Therefore, defining the adequate ranges of experimental temperature for the toxicity testing species is the pre-requisite for the development of standardized bioassay protocols.