• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.217-223
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• 1997

도시생태계는 주 구성원인 인간의 사회구조와 경제활동이 주축이 되고, 부 구성원인 자연이 주 구성원과 상호관계를 받으면서 존재하는 실체이다. 도시 생태계는 사회구조와 경제활동이 일어나는 핵심부와 그것과 직접 관계하는 기초부 및 물질과 에너지의 공급원, 수용원 및 축적을 담당하는 외부환경의 세 부위로 구성되는, 사회-경제-자연-복합 생태계SENCE)로 이해할 수 있다. 도시생태계는 자연생태계의 원리에 따라 기능을 조절하고 시스템모델 기법으로 분석할 수 있다. 도시생태계의 범위는 그 크기, 독립영양과 종속영양의 평형, 기능적 활성 및 발달단계에 따른 ㅗ이부환경(입력환경과 출력환경)의 변화에 의하여 크게 달라진다. 생태학자나 환경학자는 도시생태계를 자연만을 대상으로 연구하였지만 앞으로는 사회학자와 공동으로 연구하여야 문제의 정곡에 접근할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.227-241
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• 2017

A human in urban areas has depended on ecosystem for well-being, so it is important to evaluate urban ecosystem services which contribute significantly to human well-being. In this study we classified ecosystem functions and set indicators used for evaluating ecosystem services of urban park by Delphi method. As a result, it derived 12 items and 14 indicators of ecosystem services to evaluate them such as vegetable garden, canopy cover, biodiversity, and educational programs. Based on the derived evaluation indicators, the feasibility of the indicators was examined by applying to two urban parks, Maetan park and Seoho-Ggotme park, in Suwon City. We also suggested strategies to improve each ecosystem services based on the results of evaluation. It is significant to recognize unknown services in urban parks. The results can be used for improving urban ecosystem services consistently in response to current rapid urbanization. In the future, the city should make a master plan on ecosystem service on urban area, beyond urban park, considering both of quality and quantity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2010.06b
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• pp.289-293
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• 2010

21C 현대 문명사회에서는 도시의 고밀도 및 팽창으로 인하여 도시 내 생태계가 파괴되면서 생물서식처의 환경 악화 및 엄청난 감소가 초래되었으며, 그 결과로 인하여 인간과 생물이 접촉할 수 있는 공간이 현저하게 줄어들고 있다. 또한 도시 영역의 확장을 위하여 산림 및 녹지의 감소, 녹지의 분절 및 단절화, 해안 매립 등이 계획 없이 무분별하게 진행됨으로써, 각종 동식물의 개체 수 감소 및 토양의 건조화 등이 발생하고 있으며, 그 영향으로 생물종의 다양성이 떨어지고, 도시 생태계의 교란이 심해지고 있다. 이러한 도시 생태계의 교란은 도시에 거주하고 있는 시민들의 생활의 질이 떨어지게 하고 많은 환경 문제들의 주원인이 되고 있다. 지속적이면서도 자연친화적인 도시발전을 위해서는 도시 내 자연생태계를 회복하고 생물서식공간을 종합적으로 보전하면서 복원해야 한다는 요구가 높아지고 있지만, 이를 체계적으로 이루기 위한 방법론의 부재에 시달리고 있었다. 이러한 가운데 유럽을 중심으로 생겨난 비오톱(Biotope)과 비오톱 지도화 방법이 생태계를 보전하며, 시민들에게 다양한 자연체험과 휴양 기회를 제공하고 친환경적인 도시계획을 위한 핵심적인 역할을 하는 것으로 인식되고 있다. 하지만, 기존의 비오톱 지도는 이미지 기반의 2차원 지도로 제공되고 있어, 거리 및 공간 분석에 취약하고 정보전달력이 부족하여, 익숙한 전문가가 아닌 경우 비오톱을 이해하는데 상당한 정도의 시간이 필요하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 공간정보가 결여된 2차원 형태의 GIS 데이터를 기반으로 3차원 공간 데이터를 자동으로 생성하고, 위성영상과 DEM(Digital Elevation Model)을 이용하여 3차원 지형을 만들어 각 주제도별로 입체적인 분석이 가능하도록 하였다. 또한 동영상 녹화 기능과 3차원 객체 추가 기능을 이용하여, 자연생태계를 고려한 도시의 설계를 진행하는 경우 3차원적인 모델링을 제공함으로써 효과적이면서도 사용자의 이해도를 향상 시킬 수 있는 정보 전달력을 가질 수 있도록 설계 및 구현하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.201-214
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• 2019

The concept of ecosystem services is important for the effective management of regional ecological resources. Multiple ecosystem services provided by regional ecosystems are represented as ecosystem service bundles, which define the co-occurrent ecosystem services in a specific region. Bundles provide useful information to identify regional characteristics of ecosystem services and categorize sub-regions with similar patterns of ecosystem service provision. We assessed eleven ecosystem services using modeling approaches and statistical data and produced bundles of cities in Gyeonggi-do.We also conducted principal component analysis and cluster analysis to categorize these cities according to the characteristics of ecosystem services. The results indicated that the cities in Gyeonggi-do were categorized into three groups depending on the types of provision,regulation, and cultural services, and were designated as urbanized, urban-forest, agriculture, or forest cities. These groups were influenced by land use patterns reflecting regional social-environmental features. The results provide useful information for identifying regional ecosystem services and facilitate decision-making in regional ecosystem service management.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.188-194
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• 2002

Assessment institution of urban ecosystem is divided into ‘Urban Planning Act’and ‘Environmental Management Act’in Korea. The assessment institution of urban planning is divided into ‘Standard of land development approval’and ‘Environmental assessment of urban planning’. The institution of environmental management is divided into ‘Environmental impact assessment’and ‘Advance environmental assessment’. Assessment institution of urban ecosystem is progressed very slowly, because of development oriented policy. And so there are many problems that objective assessment method is not invented except ‘Degree of growing tree number per unit area’and ‘Degree of human disturbance of vegetation’, and insufficiency of conservation measures or post evaluation, etc. Activation of assessment institution of urban ecosystem is necessary followed countermeasures in Korea. (1) Development of objective assessment method for urban ecosystem as biotope map, (2) Appointment of censer-vation zone or consideration of damage for high value in conservation, (3) Parallel establishment of development and ecosystem conservation plan, and enforcing post evaluation

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.31-45
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• 2023

As the Private-initiated Park Development Project (PPDP) is being actively implemented, there are concerns about the deterioration of ecosystem services due to the development of long-term unexecuted urban parks. This study aims to analyze the impact of the PPDP on the ecosystem services of urban parks by examining Central Park, which is PPDP No. 1 in Gwangju, Gyeonggi-do. A study was conducted using system thinking to comprehensively understand the changes in the ecosystem services due to the PPDP. As a result of the study, the first reason for implementing the PPDP was the local government's lack of financing. Second, it was found that the creation of urban parks through the PPDP initially deteriorated cultural services yet improved them over time, while the regulating and supporting services continued to decline. Third, trade-offs appeared between urban parks' ecosystem services (i.e.., cultural services, regulating services, and supporting services). Through this, it was confirmed that it is necessary to prepare measures for planning and managing urban parks that can reduce the trade-off between the ecosystem services of urban parks. The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to understand the relationship between environmental changes and ecosystem services over time when establishing urban park creation plans and management.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.114-128
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• 2013

Rapid industrialization and economic growth have led to serious problems including reduced open space, environmental degradation, traffic congestion, and urban sprawl. These problems have been exacerbated by the absence of effective conservation and governance, and have resulted in various social conflicts. In response to these challenges, many scholar and government hope to achieve sustainable development through the establishment and management of environment-friendly planning. For this purpose, we would like to analyze functional change for ecosystem by future land-use/cover changes in South Korea. Toward this goal, we predicted land-use/cover changes from 2010 to 2060 using the future population of Statistics Korea and urban growth probability map created by logistic regression analysis and analyzed ecosystem service value using costanza's coefficient. In the case of scenario 1, ecosystem service value represented 6,783~7,092 million USD. In the case of scenario 2, ecosystem represented 6,775~7,089 million USD, 2.9~7.6 million USD decreased compared by scenario 1. This was the result of area reduction for farmland and wetland which have high environmental value relatively according to urban growth by development point of view. The results of this analysis indicate that environmentally sustainable systems and urban development must be applied to achieve sustainable development and environmental protection. Quantitative analysis of environmental values in accordance with environmental policy can help inform the decisions of policy makers and urban developers. Furthermore, forecasting urban growth based on future demand will provide more precise predictive analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.18-33
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect that consumption patterns of human affect the ecosystem using analysis of ecological footprint(EF) and assessment of ecosystem service value in Daegu Metropolitan Area. The data for analysis were constructed from statistical yearbook of each city and average of public land price on land category. According to the EF analysis on city, total EF of Goryeong was showed the highest by 3.3052gha in 2007. However, total EF of Daegu was assessed the lowest by 2.0134gha among 8 cities. In the results of ecological deficit, 7 cities except Gunwi were assessed by condition of ecological deficit and had exceeded environmental capacity until 2007. Specially, it was analyzed that Daegu may need additional area more than about 30 times to maintain the present consumption patterns. On the one side, the results of analysis of ecosystem service value in Daegu were assessed that citizens of Daegu have borrowed about 1,078.6 million wons to ecosystem per year and one person.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.117-131
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• 2021

Urban development is continuously being carried out to stabilize housing supply. The importance of ecosystem services assessments considering the various urban spatial structures is emerging as land use change in the wake of urban development has impact on the provision of ecosystem services. However, few studies are available as to the effects of land use transition in agricultural land due to urban development on ecosystem services. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of decision-making in the urban planning process by analyzing the impact of land use change on ecosystem services due to urban development. Therefore, the scenario was set on before and after the city development, targeting Namyangju Wangsuk Zone 1 and InVEST model was used to compare and analyze changes in value of ecosystem services. Analysis results of ecosystem services before the urban development, it turned out that habitat quality and water yield increased overtime but carbon storage and crop production decreased. Analysis results of ecosystem services after the urban development indicated that all items in ecosystem services by scenario decreased more than in 2018. Among the scenarios of urban development, compact city had the lowest value of water resource supply but had the highest value in terms of habitat quality, carbon storage amount, and crop production. The study results demonstrate that the compact city has positive effects on ecosystem services and is expected to be used as the basic data for supporting policy decision-making in the establishment of future urban development and management plans.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.468-468
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• 2021

도시의 개발은 불투수면의 증가, 토지이용의 변화, 용수 수요 증가를 초래하였고, 최근에는 기후변화 양극화 현상으로 도심내 물순환체계를 더욱 왜곡시키는 문제를 초래하였다. 1962년부터 서울의 도심지가 본격적으로 개발되기 시작하면서 7.8%였던 불투수율이 2010년에는 50%까지 증가하였다. 토지의 피복상태가 숲과 흙일 때는 강우의 10%는 하천으로, 토양 흡수는 50%, 증발이 40%가량 된다. 보통 토양에 흡수된 물은 토양층에서 머물렀다가 중간유출되어 하천으로 유입되거나 지하수로 전환된다. 그러나 개발로 인하여 아스팔트나 콘크리트로 포장된 경우 55%가 하천으로 유입되고 토양으로 흡수되는 양은 15% 정도로 강우가 급격하게 유출되어 빠져나가 버린다. 도시 불투수면적의 증가는 단순히 치수와 이수의 문제뿐만 아니라 도심의 하천 및 녹지공간에 조성되어 있는 생태계 유지에 필요한 최소한의 수량인 생태용수 확보마저 위협하고 있다. 도심 하천의 환경생태유량 확보는 하천의 정상적인 기능을 유지할 뿐만 아니라 하천의 자정 능력을 향상하며, 수생생물의 서식환경을 보존에 기여하므로 도심의 자연성 회복에 있어 매우 중요하다. 도시 생태환경은 녹지의 단절과 파편화로 연속성을 확보하지 못하고 있는데, 이렇게 단절되고 파편화된 생태계를 연결하여 생태축을 확보하면 도시 생태계의 건강성을 증진시킬 수 있다. 대부분의 도시에서 관리하고 있는 가로수 및 띠녹지 등 녹지공간(그린 네트워크, Green Network)을 활용하여 수원 함양이나 수질정화 기능(블루 네트워크, Blue Network)을 부여하면 녹지와 수자원을 연결한 그린-블루 네트워크를 형성하여 도시 생태용수확보에도 기여할 뿐만 아니라 나아가 도심 하천의 자연성 회복에도 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구는 도시의 가로수와 띠녹지를 활용하여 빗물저장 기능과 침투기능을 확대하기 위해 기존에 녹지 및 공원 관리 차원에서 가로수 도시계획이 수립되고 관련 사업이 진행되어 온 현행 제도상의 문제점을 검토하여 제도적 개선 방안을 제안하는 것에 목적을 둔다.