• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.183-193
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• 2009

Air pollution due to vehicle exhaust gas is considered to be a main contributor to the issues of transportation & environment. Furthermore it is raising concern over life quality and public health and is also perceived as a global issue. This research aims at providing helping hands for both central and local governments to set up and promote efficient atmospheric quality improvement policies, with the help of the travel demand forecasting model and GIS. More specifically, it tries to produce the overall emission level with time and space-based high resolution framework. This research, based on bottom-up approach reflecting vehicular traffic characteristics, suggested an improved approach to estimating emission level, by using a traffic model with a total of vehicular mileage revised by surveyed value and atmosphere model. Summing up, using the method proposed, the improvement of the reliability of the emissions inventory from the mobile pollutions sources is expected by the proposed integrated paradigm of transportation and atmosphere modeling approach as a new alternative.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.49-50
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• 2002

이동오염원 중 자동차 대기오염 현황을 정확히 파악하고 이에 대한 대책을 강구하기 위해서는 차종별 대기오염물질의 배출량을 정확하게 파악할 필요가 있다. 현재 자동차에 의한 배출계수, 활동도, 산정방법 등은 다양하게 진행되고 있으나, 이륜차에 의한 배출량은 연구가 미미한 상태이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 도로이동오염원에 의한 배출량과 그중 이륜차에 의한 대기오염물질 배출량과 기여율을 추정하고자 한다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.79-79
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• 2011

도시지역에서 강우발생 시 우수는 대부분 도로를 통해 이동하고 배수된다. 도로의 배수시설은 도로면의 안전을 확보하기 위한 목적뿐만 아니라 도로 이외의 지역에 흐르는 유출수를 배수시키는 기능도 포함하고 있다. 현재 우리나라의 도로배수는 빗물받이와 횡유입부를 통해 대부분 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 배수시설이 제 기능을 충분히 발휘하지 못하면 노면수가 정체되고, 노면수가 인근 주택가로 유입되어 침수피해를 가중시키는 경우도 있고, 교통의 원활한 흐름을 저해하게 된다. 도로배수시설의 설계 시 설계빈도에 상위하도록 충분한 여유를 두고 설치하더라도 부유잡물 등에 의해 그 효율이 저하될 수도 있다. 또한 배수시설을 통해 배수되는 초기 유출수는 많은 비점오염원을 포함하고 있고, 이러한 오염원이 하천으로 유입되어 하천수 및 저수지를 오염시킬 수도 있다. 본 연구에서는 배수시설 중 빗물받이의 효율개선과 비점오염원을 처리할 수 있는 비노출배수로에 대하여 수리실험을 실시하고 효과를 검토하였다. 이를 위해 폭 2.4 m, 길이 10.0 m의 실험도로를 제작하였고, 유입유량을 증가시켜가며 배수효율을 확인하였다. 또한 흙탕물을 유입시켜 비노출 배수로를 통해 배수시킨 후 유입수와 유출수의 부유물질, BOD, $COD_{Mn}$, TN, TP의 량을 측정하고 변화를 확인하였다. 이때 비점오염원처리를 위한 여과재료로는 제오라이트를 이용하였다. 실험결과 실험도로의 측면에 비노출 배수로를 설치하였을 경우 도로위에 수심이 거의 발생하지 않으면서 배출할 수 있는 최대 유량은 2.29 l/s였고, 서울시를 기준으로 설계빈도 10년에 대하여 본 연구의 실험도로 규격에서의 유출량이 1.09 l/s임을 고려할 때 10년 빈도 강우강도 발생 시 비노출 배수로가 충분한 여유를 가지고 배수 시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 본 실험도로의 규격에서 2.29 l/s의 유출량이 발생하기 위한 강우강도는 서울시를 기준으로 100년 빈도에 상위하는 강우강도로 비노출 배수로에 막힘이 없는 경우 100년 빈도의 강우시에도 노면수 배출이 가능하였다. 쓰레기와 모래와 같은 부유잡물이 배수로를 막고 있다 하더라고 배수효율 저하는 크게 발생하지 않았다. 또한 BOD와 $COD_{Mn}$의 농도는 유입수와 비교하여 30%이상의 제거 효율을 보였다. 특히 부유물질의 경우 제거효율이 50 %인 것으로 검토되어 본 연구의 비노출 배수로가 초기우수의 오염원제거에 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.109-110
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• 2003

우리나라에서의 철도는 도로교통에 비해 수송분담율이 상대적으로 낮지만, 2001년을 기준으로 1년 동안 824만 명을 수송하여 전체 여객 수송량의 약 6.2 %를 차지하고 있다. 최근 연구결과 비도로용으로 사용되고 있는 디젤엔진이 NOx와 입자상 오염물질 배출의 주요한 오염원으로 밝혀졌다. 국내외적으로 대기오염원 중 자동차나 트럭 등 도로용 차량에서 배출되는 오염물질에 대해서는 오래 전부터 관심을 기울여 왔지만, 디젤기관차, 선박 및 경작, 건설, 벌목, 채굴 장비 등을 포함하는 비도로용 이동오염원에 의한 오염물질 배출제어에 관해서는 논의가 거의 이루어진 적이 없었다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.866-875
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• 2019

In this study, The Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) model was used to identify pollutant sources and their contributions to $PM_{2.5}$. The contribution rankings by emission source in A city were ash dust (30.1%) > biomass burning (21.9%) > secondary pollutants (21.1%) > mobile source (19.3%) > area sources (7.6%), and The emission sources increased from the contribution of the CMB model and the Clean Air Policy Support System (CAPSS) emissions were biomass burning and secondary pollutants, and The emission sources reduced were mobile source, ash dust, and area sources.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.3-19
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• 2015

In this paper, we reviewed the method of replacing the number of registered vehicles with the number of trips to more realistically calculate vehicle emissions. Using the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) in replacing the number of registered vehicles with adjusted number of registered vehicle by specific vehicle type in the metropolitan area, the results by region showed that Seoul had the widest rate of error and that, among vehicles, trucks had the widest rate of error. Also, the absolute value of deviation of registered vehicles and adjusted number of registered vehicle influenced by the calculation of the quantity of vehicle emissions showed that out of the metropolitan regional government all trucks showed the widest deviation. The results of calculating the quantity of vehicle emissions showed an average of 9% difference between the emissions based on the number of registered vehicles and the emissions based on adjusted number of registered vehicle.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2014

This study evaluated the relative efficiency of mobile emission reduction countermeasures through a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach and determined the priority of countermeasures based on the efficiency. Ten countermeasures currently applied for reducing greenhouse gases and air pollution materials were selected to make a scenario for evaluation. The reduction volumes of four air pollution materials(CO, HC, NOX, PM) and three greenhouse gases($CO_2$, $CH_4$, $N_2O$) for the year 2027, which is the last target year, were calculated by utilizing both a travel demand forecasting model and variable composite emission factors with respect to future travel patterns. To estimate the relative effectiveness of reduction countermeasures, this study performed a super-efficiency analysis among the Data Envelopment Analysis models. It was found that expanding the participation in self car-free day program was the most superior reduction measurement with 1.879 efficiency points, followed by expansion of exclusive bus lanes and promotion of CNG hybrid bus diffusion. The results of this study do not represent the absolute data for prioritizing reduction countermeasures for mobile greenhouse gases and air pollution materials. However, in terms of presenting the direction for establishing reduction countermeasures, this study may contribute to policy selection for mobile emission reduction measures and the establishment of systematic mid- and long-term reduction measures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.37-49
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• 2017

This study proposes an analysis methodology for air quality improvement effect of transport and environment policy that are used for mobile pollution sources. The methodology considers the changes of traffic of road transport sources and air pollutant emission, the changes of atmospheric dispersion of air pollutants and the effects on the health of local residents in response to policy implementation. Especially, the changes to traffic flow must be considered in evaluating the effects on atmospheric environment as it has a direct connection to the effects of the policy in this study. We used bottom-up approach (BUA) based on the travel demand model to reflect the changes of travel behavior in detail in response to the policy implementation compared to the top-down approach (TDA) when calculating the changes of emission level of road transport. We showed the applicability of the proposed analysis methodology through a policy scenario analysis, and the analysis method can be effectively applied to the cases in which travelers' behavior changes are expected.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.96-105
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• 2017

Global warming, mainly caused by CO2, is one of the on­going cataclysms of the human race. The nation­wide policy to reduce greenhouse gases (GHG) has been enforced, for which it is crucial to estimate reliable GHG emissions. The unit load of road­section CO2 emission (URSCE) is a prerequisite for the evaluation of GHG emissions from road mobile source, and it is mainly computed using vehicular velocity source. Unfortunately, there is real­world limitations to collect and analyse representative speed data for nation­wide road network. To tackle this problem, a method for the evaluation of URSCE, proposed in this study, is based on a disaggregated way using big GPS vehicle data. The method yields more accurate URSCE than an current aggregated data based approach and can be directly employed for nation­wide road systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.269-278
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• 2016

In order to improve air quality in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA), the "Special Act on Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement" has been enforced since 2005. The strategy has resulted in some reduction of air pollution, but there has not been much research into the quantitative impact analysis of each separate preventive countermeasure. Therefore, we analyzed nitrogen oxide reduction resulting from implementation of the emission control plan for on-road mobile sources. The MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ model system was employed for air quality prediction. Reduced $NO_x$ emissions for SMA was 16,561 ton, 4.7% of reduction rate, in 2007. One countermeasure, tighter acceptable standards for manufacturing vehicles, dominated other countermeasures for effective $NO_x$ emission control. Large spatial differences in reduced emissions, those for Seoul being twice that of Incheon and Gyeonggi, showed greater $NO_x$ emission reduction impact in the heart of the metropolitan complex. The $NO_2$ concentration decreased by 0.60 ppb (2.0%), 0.18 ppb (1.5%), and 0.22 ppb (1.7%) in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi, respectively. Concentration decreases in spring and winter were larger, 1.5~2.0 times, than summer and fall. However, the $NO_2$ reduction impact did not correspond directly to local $NO_x$ emission controls in the city area because of the natural flow and dispersion, both urban and downwind.