• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2010

As an environment-friendly phytosanitary measure, CATTS (controlled atmosphere temperature treatment system) has been developed to kill several quarantine insect pests infesting subtropical agricultural commodities. This study tested any possibility to apply CATTS to apples to effectively eliminate the peach fruit moth, Carposina sasakii, which has been regarded as a quarantine insect from the imported countries. When the larvae of C. sasakii were directly exposed to $46^{\circ}C$ (an installed lethal temperature of CATTS), they showed a median lethal time at 14.66 min. Addition of high carbon dioxide to the temperature treatment enhanced the thermal limit susceptibility of C. sasakii to $46^{\circ}C$. CATTS device was constructed to automatically control $CO_2$ concentration and temperature with real-time monitoring both in the chamber and in the fruit. The larvae internally infesting apples were tested using the CATTS device and showed 100% lethality after 60 min exposure to a treatment of $46^{\circ}C$ under 15% $CO_2$ in the chamber. Relatively long exposure may be due to the deviation between the ramping temperature ($0.35^{\circ}C$/min) of the chamber and the ramping temperature (0.12-$0.23^{\circ}C$/min) inside apple fruit, where the tested larvae were located. This study suggests a possibility that CATTS can be applied as a quarantine measure to kill the larvae of C. sasakii locating inside the apples.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.119-139
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• 2002

In electronic catalogs, each item is represented as an independent unit while the parts of the item can be composed of a higher level of functionality. Thus, the search for this kind of product database is limited to the retrieval of most similar standard commodities. However, many industrial products need to configure optional parts to fulfill the required specifications. Since there are many paths in finding the required specifications, we need to develop a search system via the configuration process. In this system, we adopt a two-phased approach. The first phase finds the most similar template, and the second phase adjusts the template specifications toward the required set of specifications by the Constraint and Rule Satisfaction Problem approach. There is no guarantee that the most similar template can find the most desirable configuration. The search system needs backtracking capability, so the search can stop at a satisfied local optimal satisfaction. This framework is applied to the configuration of computers and peripherals. Template-based reasoning is basically the same as case-based reasoning. The required set of specifications is represented by a list of criteria, and matched with the product specifications to find the closest ones. To measure the distance, we develop a thesaurus of values, which can identify the meaning of numbers, symbols, and words. With this configuration, the performance of the search by configuration algorithm is evaluated in terms of feasibility and admissibility.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

The required energy for the heat treatment of pine log was evaluated in this study. A proper heat treatment of pine log infected by pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) can prevent spreading of the infection by pinewood nematode and make the infected pinewood valuable again. The FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) heat treatment standard for various types of infected wood for which a heat treatment of the core part of the wood is necessary is 30 minutes at $56^{\circ}C$, taking into account the international standards for phytosanitary measures (ISPM No. 15). In this study, the energy consumption during the heat treatment was separated into two kinds of energy, initial energy for heating kiln drier and to reach set point temperature and relative humidity and the required energy supplementing heat loss. The initial required energy per unit time is greater than that during the treatment. The energy consumption per unit time varied little during the heat treatment. As a result, the set point relative humidity with set dry bulb temperature and density of wood dependent on moisture content are very important factors to change energy consumption in the experiment. The heat treatment at higher temperature and higher humidity levels requires more energy consumption but less treatment time. It is expected that a more effective energy program could be planed for the heat treatment of pine log through this study.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.173-178
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• 2013

The characteristics of lactation persistency was investigated for new evaluation trait using 4,366,900 milk yield records from 436,690 heads of Korean Holstein dairy cattle. The average lactation persistencies of first parity, second parity and over third parity were 97.5%, 95.1% and 94.6%, respectively and there was a trend that after the peak yield, lactation persistency decreased collectively. The average days of peak milk yields after calving was about 50 days, but only 33.2% of cows reached peak yields at 36~66 days (second test day). Also, there was a difference between the milk yield of cows which reached peak yields at first test day by lactation days and that of cows which reached peak yields at second to fourth test day. The estimates of heritabilty and repeatability for mean lactation persistency were 0.16 and 0.35, respectively. The genetic correlation between cumulative lactation persistency from third to tenth test day and that from third to seventh test day was 0.91 and while it increased in later test day, it decreased sharply in earlier test day. The breeding value correlations of Data II and III for Data I were 0.80 and 0.72, respectively, while the rank correlations were 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. Based on the results, the breeding value and rank correlations decreased when more data were added.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.181-191
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• 2020

In order to produce accurate initial condition of soil moisture for global Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP), spin-up experiment is carried out using Noah Land Surface Model (LSM). The model is run repeatedly through 10 years, under the atmospheric forcing condition of 2008-2017 until climatological land surface state is achieved. Spin-up time for the equilibrium condition of soil moisture exhibited large variability across Koppen-Geiger climate classification zone and soil layer. Top soil layer took the longgest time to equilibrate in polar region. From the second layer to the fourth layer, arid region equilibrated slower (7 years) than other regions. This result means that LSM reached to equilibrium condition within 10 year loop. Also, spin-up time indicated inverse correlation with near surface temperature and precipitation amount. Initialized from the equilibrium state, LSM was spun up to obtain land surface state in 2018. After 6 months from restarted run, LSM simulates soil moisture, skin temperature and evaportranspiration being similar land surface state in 2018. Based on the results, proposed LSM spin-up system could be used to produce proper initial soil moisture condition despite updates of physics or ancillaries for LSM coupled with NWP.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.11-19
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• 2008

The problem of controlling asynchronous sequential machines is addressed in this paper Corrective control means to make behavior of an asynchronous sequential machine equal to that of a given model. The main objective is to develope a corrective controller, especially when a model is given as nondeterministic, or a set of reference models. We first review representation of nondeterministic models and model matching problems with nondeterministic models, which are presented in the companion paper. We then propose necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of corrective controllers and describe their design procedure. To show the applicability, the proposed control scheme is demonstrated in an example.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.739-741
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• 2005

상황 인식(Context-Aware) 시스템은 현재 자신이 처한 상황 정보를 인식하여 그에 맞는 행동을 결정하고 그 결과에 따라 동작하는 시스템을 일컫는다. 이러한 상황 인식 시스템은, 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 비롯해 특정 작업을 수행하기 위해 사용자로부터 주어지는 입력 값 이외의 환경 정보를 필요로 하는 분야에서 주로 사용된다. 이때 시스템이 인지하는 상황은 자신의 작업을 수행하기 위해 필요한 환경 정보로 구성되어 있다. 가령 온도조절 서비스를 담당하는 에이전트가 있다고 할 때, 이 에이전트는 사용자의 요청 온도를 맞춰주기 위해 현재 실내 온도를 측정할 수 있어야 한다. 그래야 요청 온도에 도달했을 때, 동작을 멈출 수 있기 때문이다. 이처럼 각 에이전트가 자신이 필요로 하는 정보를 인지하고 그에 따라 작업을 수행할 때, 다일 에이전트 혼자 그 공간에 존재한다면, 자신이 필요한 정보만을 인지하는 것으로 적절한 작업 수행을 기대할 수 있지만. 둘 이상의 에이전트가 동일 공간에 존재하고, 각 에이전트의 작업 과정이 서로의 수해 과정에 영향을 미칠 가능성 즉, 에이전트 사이의 충돌 발생 가능성이 존재한다. 이미 오디오가 동작하고 있는 방안에서 TV를 작동시키게 된다면, 음악을 들을 수도, TV를 볼 수도 없는 상황이 발생한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 동일 공간에 존재하는 상황 인식 에이전트들 사이에 발생하는 충돌을 해결하기 위한 방법을 제안한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.17-17
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• 2015

세계적으로 최근 국지적 호우에 의한 홍수 및 토사재해가 빈번히 발생하여 인적피해 및 자산피해가 급증하고 있다. 일반적으로 강우에 의해 홍수가 발생되며 하안 및 하천 구조물에 피해를 주는 동시에 월파 및 제방이 붕괴되어 하천에서 제내지로 범람하여 범람피해가 발생된다. 하지만 도시지역에서 발생되는 강우는 불투수 면적비율이 비교적 커 다른 지역보다 최대 침수심이 발생되는 시간이 매우 빠르게 도달하는 환경적 특징이 있다. 또한 선상지 지역에 발달된 도시는 어느 동일한 강우사상에 의해 발생되는 내 외수 범람재해 및 토사재해가 동시에 발생되어 피해가 중첩될 가능성이 매우 크며 피해 리스크 또한 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 따라서 이상기후에 의해 발생되는 재해경감을 위해 기존의 대책 및 새롭게 구축되는 해저드 맵에 대해서 이와 같은 여러 재해 발생 가능성을 충분히 고려된 멀티 해저드 맵 구축이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 일본 오노시의 지역방재계획을 위한 통합적인 해저드 맵 구축을 위해 내 외수 범람에 의한 피해 및 토석류 발생에 의한 영향평가를 실시하여 두 재해가 동시에 발생 가능한 지역을 대상으로 멀티 해저드 맵 구축 및 피난계획 수립을 목적으로 최근 발생되는 국지적 호우에 대한 예측을 위해 아직 검토대상 지역에 발생하진 않았지만 발생 가능한 강우사상을 추출하기 위해 DAD 분석을 실시하여 가능최대강우량을 산정하여 외력조건으로 사용하였다. 뿐만 아니라 토석류 모델의 현장 적용성 평가를 위해 2011년에 발생된 우면산 토석류 재해를 대상으로 비교 검토를 실시하였으며 본 논문의 주요한 결과를 아래와 같이 나타내었다.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2007

Veterinary antibiotics have been widely used to increase feed efficiency, to prevent disease, and to promote growth as well as to control disease. The antibiotics administered can be excreted through the urine and feces. One of the major routes of veterinary antibiotics entering soil and water environment is via the application of animal manure to agricultural land as an organic fertilizer source. Since little is known about impacts of antibiotics on the environment, this study was conducted to prioritize the veterinary antibiotics based on the consumption and potential to reach the environment. Among 83 veterinary antibiotics consumed in Korea, ten antibiotics were used at the greater dose than 25 Mg in 2004. Potential to reach the environment was determined according to excretion rate after administered to animals and sorption affinity to soil solids after applied to agricultural land. Seventeen antibiotic active ingredients (Ais) were classified as 'High' priority in terms of the potential to reach the environment. An overall priority score was determined by combining priority score based on consumption with the degree of potential environment exposure. Twenty veterinary antibiotic AIs were classified as 'Very high' or 'High' priority requiring detailed assessment. The antibiotic AIs were identified four aminoglycosides, two macrolides, two penicillins, five sulfonamides, three tetracyclines, two quinolones, and two miscellaneous. Eight veterinary antibiotic AIs including amoxicillin, carbadox, chlortetracycline, neomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfamethazine, sulfathiazole, and tylosin were identified to have a greater priority of environmental risk in Korea.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.2 s.75
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• pp.339-344
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to examine the timing and magnitude of growth spurt in skinfold, body musle and bone related variables aligned on peak height velocity in boys and girls. In the study design, the subjects and the method were used by the cross-sectional investigation. The subjects participated in this study were 7 through 18 years of age belonged to typical primary, junior, senior high school students, and about 250 males and 250 females in each age group. The total subjects were 2,798 males and 2,762 females. All subjects of this study were lived in Pusan metropolitan city, Korea. The growth velocity magnitudes of sum of the four sites sknfold thickness, body musle and bone related variables. Velocity curve chart of physique was the smoothed according to an approximation of splines by the Sigma Plot-2001 graphic program. In this study, age at PHV of girls occurred eariler about 2 years than boys. In sum of four sites skinfold thickness, PV occurred -2 years from PHV in boys, and PV occurred +2 years from PHV in girls, respectively. In humerus breadth, two PV occurred before and after PHV in boys, whereas PV occurred -1 year from PHV in girls, respectively. In femur breadth, PFV and PHV appeared to occure the same time in boys, PV occurred -2 years from PHV in girls, respectively, In arm circumference, PV occurred after PHV in both sexes. In calf circumference, PV occurred +2 years from PHV in boys, PCCV and PHV appeared to occure the same time in girls, respectively. In magnitudes of peak velocity of body height, humerus breadth, femur breadth, arm circumference and calf circumfence, boys obtained higher than girls, on the other hand, girls obtained higher than boys in sum of four sites skinfold variable. we need to longitudinal and scientific investigation by Korean government level in adolescent growth spurt study, because childhood and adolescence achive higher positive physical education effect than the other ages.