• Title/Summary/Keyword: 도농 격차

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Analysis on the Income Gap Between Urban and Rural Areas Among the Three Major Areas in China (중국(中國) 3대(3大) 지역(地域) 도농(都農) 간(間) 소비격차(所得隔差) 현황(現況) 및 형성원인(形成原因)에 관(關)한 실증연구(實證硏究))

  • Nan, Xuefeng;Jin, Shizhu
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.16 no.5
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    • pp.537-548
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    • 2010
  • As the rapid development of economy in China, the problem in income gaps become a tough and sensitive social problem. Under this social background, this research try to find the main reasons of the income gap among the East China, West China, and the central China, basing on the analysis of its actuality and forming, and then put forward some solution plans. The research shows that in different development levels of China influencing factor of urban-rural income gap is also different. Take East China for example, the education support plays an important part of narrowing income gap. The influence of education support on urban-rural income gaps more significant than industrialization, what is more, its influence has the more reinforce trend, while in the less developed central and western part in China, what can narrowing income gap significantly is industrialization and the support for agriculture. Therefore, in order to solve the problem of income gap between urban and rural areas in China radically, it is not enough to perform medical insurance reform and social insurance reform in the whole county. Besides this, we should perform other kinds of reformation countermeasures which have their regional characteristics. For example, in eastern, the regional governments should reinforce the education system; in central china, they should focus on developing industry; in western, the regional governments should increase the expense to support the agricultural development, and so on. With these countermeasures, they could not only relieve the gap between urban and rural areas in China, but also ensure to develop economy substantially and stably in the whole country.

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The Change of Economic Space and the Classification of Urban-Rural Consolidated Cities in Gyeonggi-do (경기도 도농복합시의 경제공간 변화와 유형 분류)

  • Son, Seungho
    • Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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    • v.18 no.1
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    • pp.45-59
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    • 2015
  • The urban-rural consolidated city has emerged in order to promote the balanced development of urban region and rural region. Targeted 11 urban-rural consolidated cities in Gyeonggi Province, this paper investigated the changes of economic space in accordance with the location of industrial activities. The number of establishments has increased in all cities. From the analysis of the changes in the economic space divided into urban regions and rural regions, concentration phenomenon of economic activities in urban regions was strengthened in 9 cities with the exception of Icheon-si and Anseong-si. Concentration of economic activities in urban region was noticeable in Namyangju-si, Pocheon-si, and Yongin-si. 5 types were derived from the classification on the basis of locational changes of economic activities in urban region and rural region. They are 1) urban-rural gap deepen type, 2) urban region growth slowdown type, 3) rural region growth type, 4) urban-rural balanced growth type, and 5) urban region-led growth type. While urban-rural gap of the cities close to highly urbanized city or metropolis has intensified, the growth of urban region was weakened in the cities located away from the metropolis.

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Study on Difference in Elementary School Students' Mathematics Academic Achievement by Gender and Residential Area (초등학교 수학 학업성적에서의 성별 거주지역별 차이)

  • Lee, Soon Joo
    • Education of Primary School Mathematics
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.177-187
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to analysis the gender differences in the academic achievement and the difference of academic achievement by the residential area in elementary school. Common phenomenon was observed in the result of the differences between male and female students' academic achievement and the ratio of achievement level. Female students' score was higher in 3rd grade elementary school but in 4th and 5the grade this phenomenon was gradually weakened. The following are the results of analysis of elementary school students' mathematics academic achievement in three areas(big city, small city and rural area). In the result was proved that the problem of the gap between the urban and rural areas has continued in the 21st century.

The Relationship between Local Fiscal Indices and Standardized Mortality rate (지역 재정지표와 표준화 사망률의 관련성)

  • Han, Ji-Yeon;Na, Bak-Ju;Lee, Moo-Sik;Hong, Jee-Young;Lim, Nam-Gu
    • Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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    • 2010.05b
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    • pp.1072-1076
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    • 2010
  • 본 지역 재정지표와 표준화사망률간의 관계에 대한 것으로, 연구대상지역은 1998년부터 2007년까지의 전국 232개 시 군 구이며 이를 5개 광역권과 4개 도시 종류에 따라 분류하였다. 지역 재정지표는 1인당 지방세부담액과 재정자립도, 재정자주도, 의존재원비율을 활용하였고, 지역 총사망률은1998년에서 2007년까지의 통계청 사망 원자료 상의 사망자수를 분자로, 주민등록인구를 분모로 직접 표준화법을 사용하여 연구대상 지역의 성 연령표준화사망률을 산출하였다. 자료의 분석은 SPSS 12.0K를 이용하여 상관분석, 일원배치분산분석(Tukey b 사후검정) 및 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 주요 결과로는 첫째, 재정지표와 표준화사망률간의 상관분석을 실시하여 연도별로 계수 값을 구한 결과 1인당 지방세부담액을 제외하고 재정자립도, 재정자주도, 의존재원비율 모두 남자, 여자, 전체 모두가 전 연도에 걸쳐 상관계수 값이 통계적으로 유의하였으며, 남자가 여자보다 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, 재정자립도, 재정자주도 각각을 표준화사망률과 단순 회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 표준화사망률 남자, 여자, 전체가 전 연도에서 통계적으로 유의하였고, 재정자립도와 재정자주도가 낮을수록 사망률이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 광역권역, 도시 종류까지 고려한 재정지표의 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과, 1인당 지방세부담액과 의존재원비율, 광역권역과 도시 종류에 따른 지역을 고려하고도 재정자주도의 효과는 전체사망과 남자, 여자, 전 연도에 걸쳐 모두 통계적으로 매우 유의하여 재정자주도가 높을수록 사망률이 낮은 것으로 나타났고 이런 경향은 여자보다 남자에서 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 넷째, 광역권별 분석의 경우, 충청권은 수도권에 비해서 표준화사망률에서 유의한 차이는 없었으며 호남권과 영남권은 전체 표준화사망률의 경우 전체 연도의 절반 이상에서 수도권에 비해서 통계적으로 유의하게 높았고, 남자와 여자에서는 이런 경향이 약해졌다. 강원 제주권은 전체 사망에서 수도권에 비해 전체 연도의 절반 이상이 유의하게 사망률이 낮았으며, 여자도 이와 비슷한 양상을 보여주었다. 다섯째, 도시 종류에 따른 분석에서 대도시에 비해 중소도시는 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었으나, 전 연도에 걸쳐 도농통합도시와 군지역은 대도시에 비해 통계적으로 사망률이 높았다. 여섯째, 전 연도에 걸쳐 의존재원비율이 높아질수록 사망률이 유의하게 높아졌다. 이는 남자, 여자 모두에서 유사하게 나타났다. 마지막으로 연도별 분석 이후 1998년에서 2007년 전체 다중 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 전체 사망과 여자의 경우 1인당 지방세부담액을 제외한 모든 변수에서 통계적으로 유의하였다. 지역의 재정력이 성 연령 표준화사망률에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었는데 이를 단서로 지역의 건강 격차가 발생하는 원인과 기전을 밝히기 위해 향후 보다 면밀한 후속 연구가 이뤄져야 하겠고 지역 간 건강 격차를 완화하기 위한 여러 방법론적 고찰 안에 지역간 재정력의 격차를 완화하려는 정책적인 접근도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

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An Analysis of the Educational Gap between Local Governments : An Application of Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) (교육효율성 측면에서의 지방자치단체 간 교육격차의 비교·분석 : 자료포락분석(DEA) 기법의 적용)

  • Kim, SoonYang;Yoon, KiChan
    • 한국사회정책
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.99-136
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    • 2012
  • The aim of this paper is to analyze the educational gap between 250 local governments, by their location and size, in terms of the efficiency of education. For the analysis, this paper employed the data envelopment analysis(DEA), which can consider input and output factors simultaneously, as a research method. Input factor included student number per teacher, student number per class, student number per staff, and donation fund per student, whereas college entrance rate and employment rate were used as output factor. The data were collected through 'the school information' website. Research target was confined to high schools, taking into consideration the variables used for output factor. As a result of analysis, while the high schools in local governments around the capital area showed the high density of students in terms of input factor, college entrance rate and employment rate were higher in the high schools of non-capital area. An efficiency score was also higher in the schools of the non-capital area in both aspects of BCC and CCR models. By the size of local governments, high schools in agricultural-type and small-sized local governments were higher in the efficiency of education, compared to those in populated local governments.

Awareness of Korean Elderly on Aged Life (한국 노인의 노후생활에 관한 인식)

  • Lee, Jun Woo;Lee, Hyun A;Hwang, Jun Ho
    • 한국노년학
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    • v.31 no.3
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    • pp.711-732
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    • 2011
  • The purpose of this study is to understand the meaning and essence of aged life, which Korean elderly experience in real life and restructure them in the context of time and culture. In order to do so an in-depth interview was done with 15 elderlies over the age of 60 living in Hwaseong City, an urban-rural composite area in Gyeonggi Province where diverse elderlies could be found. In result, first, Korean elderly's understanding of aged life had physical, familial, economical, leisure, and social restoration aspects. Second, it was found that the degree of understanding about preparation for aging and preparedness is quite low. Third, as the gap between actual preparation for aging and aged life that elderly dreamed of became wider 'resentment on children', 'denial of reality', 'physical and economical change', and 'experience from prolongation of life-cycle' was found. Based on such results following suggestions could be made. First, the awareness of aged life and preparation for aging should be strengthened and there is a need for diverse educations aiming successful aged life. Second, elderly welfare policy and practical intervention with an integrated perspective based on the realm of life-cycle are demanded. Third, there is a need to strengthen the Aged Income Maintenance System for existing elder generation. Fourth, an intervention about adaptation and coping means of life event is needed. Lastly, there is a need to expand and carry out the aged life planning program for future elder generation.

The Development and Reformation of China Mothernity Insurance - Related to the Family Plannings - (중국생육보험의 발달과 개혁 - 계획생육과 관련하여 -)

  • Lim, Mi-young;Zhang, Xiao-yi
    • Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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    • no.36
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    • pp.29-53
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    • 2008
  • Being the most populated country in the world, China's one-child policy is its basic national policy. This basic national policy is implemented together with the Maternity Insurance, which is one of the five main social insurances in the Chinese society. The Maternity Insurance is society's way of recognizing women's contribution towards child- bearing and is of utmost important significance. However, with regard to women who are not living within the city or are not working, not only are they not the target for one-child policy, they are also unable to receive the social benefit from the Maternity Insurance. Among the conditions for payment of the Maternity Insurance is the adherence to the one-child policy. Ultimately, working women living in towns and cities adhering to the one-child policy will have a positive influence on the Maternity Insurance. However this places a restriction on reducing the discrepancies to benefit from the Maternity Insurance. On the contrary, women from the villages and those moving between towns and cities are those who really need the Maternity Insurance and yet are unable to benefit from it. While we improve on the Maternity Insurance to include this group of women, we have to at the same time consider the effect it has on the one-child policy. The reformation of the Maternity Insurance has to embody the principle of a harmonious society. It has to have a certain order in the country's national policies, so as to be included in the economic policies of towns and villages.

Another 'Rural' Recreated in The Movie <Yin Ru Chen Yan> (영화 <먼지 속으로 사라지다> 에 재현된 또 하나의 '농촌')

  • Moon dae il
    • The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.377-383
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    • 2023
  • The movie <Yin Ru Chen Yan> is evaluated to reflect the rural reality of China's northwest region. Although the film also contained the farmer's unique sincerity and pure love, many problems were also raised. The specific issues raised are as follows. First, he accused young Chinese rural people who could not express their intention properly at the time of marriage.This can be said to be largely due to the lack of proper education, medical care, and welfare benefits for a long time. Second, he criticized the rural housing policy that deviated from reality. It warns that unilaterally providing apartments in the city without considering regional characteristics and farmers' situations could be counterproductive. In the movie, the main character abandoned livestock that he thought of and cared for with his family and did not move his residence to an apartment. Third, he criticized the materialism prevalent in rural areas. He criticized the phenomenon of not respecting a human being to solve everything with money and even to receive government housing compensation. In this sense, in order to solve the true Chinese Samnong problem, macro-promoted policies and micro-policies that can encompass some underdeveloped rural areas should also be implemented.