• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• 제39호
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• pp.143-168
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to study the succession and method of five-masters of southern school in transmitting the internal alchemy in Taoism which is established by Zhang Bo-duan. In history, the internal alchemy is divided into a few schools but all of them are under the umbrella of Zhang Bo-duan's alchemy. The five master's method has been consistent from Zhang Bo-duan to Seok Tae to Seol Do Gwang based on three reasons. First, they lived long while practicing the method. Second, they learned the method from their direct master secretly. Third, they kept practicing the individual method while staying in the secular world rather than in a religious body. I limit three of them Zhang Bo-Dan, Seok Tae, Seol Do Gwang as figures who practiced the pure internal alchemy. Thus I argue that the method stayed only for 200 years, arising from the late Dang Dynasty and disappearing in 1911, when Seol Do-Gwang was dead. This method can be instructed only to the appropriate figure, and the specific steps of method are taught through the oral instruction so that this method cannot be wide spread. Based on the fact that the time of practicing method is quite long and it needs intensive and constant efforts, it is difficult for a mundane person to practice and cope with the training. Jin Nam and Baek Ok Seom are believed that they belonged to the school of Shin So. Baek Ok Seom is regarded as a figure that made efforts to unite the school of Wei and the internal alchemy. However, he made lots of fabrication and discrepancy. Thus I state that Jin Nam and Baek Ok Seom need to be out in the succession and method of five masters of southern school in Taoism. Their changed method in quality needs to be organized in a new genealogy.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• 제72호
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• pp.33-89
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• 2022

Recently, following the opening of the Gyeongsangnam-do Archives and the Seoul Archives, work to establish local archives management institutions in cities and provinces is being actively carried out. In this process, there is an institution directly or indirectly affected by the records management work following the emergence of metropolitan·provincial office of education records management institutions. Article 11 of the current Public Archives Act is centered on cities and provinces, such as giving only the mayor and provincial governor the duty to establish a local record management institution. When a management agency is established, only the obligation to transfer the records with a retention period of 30 years or more among the records under its jurisdiction is specified. This is not appropriate when considering that each metropolitan·provincial office of education and each metropolitan·provincial perform their own duties and roles at the metropolitan·provincial level in accordance with the Constitution and laws. Therefore, in this study, legally, institutionally and historically, the fact that metropolitan·provincial offices of education and metropolitan ·provincial are the core institutions that realize local educational autonomy and local autonomy, and are equivalent administrative agencies independently in charge of their own affairs in their respective jurisdictions. We compared and examined the need to revise Article 11 of the current Public Archives Act, which is overly composed of cities and provinces, and presented the expected effects of the establishment of local records management institutions by cities and provinces of education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 한국안전학회 2003년도 춘계 학술논문발표회 논문집
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• pp.229-236
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• 2003

철도는 국가의 물류 및 인적자원을 수송하는 주요한 수송수단으로 1899년 9월 연장 33.2km의 경인선을 시작으로 선로가 지속적으로 증설되어 현재 총영업연장은 6,683km에 달하고 있다. 현재 국내에는 총 2,500여개소의 철도교가 있는데, 이 중에서 강교량에 대해서 연장이 차지하는 비율은 약 48%이고, 공용기간이 50년 이상인 강교량이 전체교량의 약 46%를 차지하고 있으므로 이들 강철도교는 노후화가 상당히 진행되고 있을 것으로 판단된다.(중략)

• 해운
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• 3호통권14호
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• pp.45-45
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• 2005

• The Korean Publising Journal, Monthly
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• 통권292호
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• pp.13-13
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• 2000

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1982

The dynamic strain-time(${\varepsilon}$-t) curves of the fatal members in three existing steel railway bridges was measured during the selected trains was passing, and was regulated statistically. By the results of these the equivalent fatigue damages of the selected members was calculated in comparison with the allowable stresses, and was examined. From these the base available in evaluating the stability and the lifeproof of the steel railway bridge was obtained. In addition to this, the following several properties which could be used availably in designing the steel railway bridges. It was conformed that the fatigue damages was different each other even in the same members, if the unit weight of the trains was same but the weights and the dispositions of the wheels of the trains was different each other. It was indicated that the fatigue damages was larger in the members which had the defects in components of the materials, the flaws being made during producing and constructing, and the corrosions, etc. It was considered that more a vailable data could be obtained, if the same studies were continued under the spans and the types of the bridges being changed continuously.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제41집
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• pp.1-25
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• 2022

This paper examines whether the dynamic and practical nature of Daoism has a significant relationship with the messianic figure Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) via Honam (湖南) Daoism's Jinindaemangron (眞人待望論, discourse on awaiting an immortal). To this end, the historical implementation of Daoism's social transformation of consciousness in China and Korea is explored, and then the circumstances of Honam Daoism, in particular, are considered. Following that, analysis turns to the 'Jinindaemangron' in the late Joseon Dynasty that developed in Honam. As a result of the discussion, Daoism's social transformation of consciousness was expressed in China through the anti-establishment activities of the early Daoist groups such as Wudoumidao (五斗米道) and Taipingdao (太平道), movements that sought to build utopias. Throughout this process, the term, zhenren (眞人, 'jinin' in Korean), that originally meant 'master,' was transformed into the idea of a future savior. In the case of Korea, the dynamic and practical nature of Daoism can be found in the preface of Nanrang tombstone (鸞郎碑序) written by Choi Chi-won (崔致遠) which was later inherited by the Danhak sect (丹學派) practitioners who struggled against Buddhist monastics. Additionally, examined is the Docham theory of geomancy (圖讖說) that rose after Goryeo, the prophecy of 'Mokjadeuksul (木子得國說 a Lee clansman shall attain the kingdom)' that appeared thereafter, and the Prophecies of Jeong Gam (鄭鑑錄)'s 'Jinindaemangron' in the Joseon Dynasty. Next, the circumstances of Honam Daoism can be considered with regards ti Choi Chi-won and Doseon (道詵) in ancient times, and it can be confirmed that Nam Gung-du (南宮斗) and Kwon Geuk-jung (權克中) were entangled behind Kang Jeungsan. The close relationship among the Daoist Jeong family of Onyang (溫陽鄭氏), the Koh family of Jangheung (長興 高氏), and Kwon Geuk-jung was also confirmed in this study. Finally, in dealing with the 'Jinindaemangron' of Honam in the late Joseon Dynasty and the birth of Kang Jeungsan, Honam Daoism's intense consciousness of social transformation receives first focus, and this is expressed through Prophecies of Jeong Gam, and the religious ideologies of Donghak (東學) and Namhak (南學). These expressions are analyzed through Song of Gungeul (弓乙歌), composed by Jeongryeom (鄭磏), and through Daesoon Jinrihoe's The Canonical Scripture (典經). As a result, it can be confirmed that the messianic significance of the Kang Jeungsan's advent lay on the basis of the people's desire for an ideal future, which is a notion that had been ripening for several centuries.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.31-48
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• 2002

It's desirable to implement the network of school libraries based on the department of city or regional education. The digital library supporting center is an integrated information system implemented by the department of city or regional education for supporting school libraries. Busan Metropolitan Department of Education for the first time implemented a digital library supporting center, supported by digital libraries & the digital library supporting center project proceeded by the Department of Education and KERIS. This study at first is to present basic technologies applied in implementing a digital library supporting center and foreign country cases, and then to introduce information system of Busan Metropolitan Department of Education.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.282-288
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• 2021

This basic research was conducted to support the development of woodcraft bio-adhesives using peach gum, which is the resin produced by peach trees. The synthesis conditions of these adhesives were optimized by performing 144 experiments. The application potential of peach gum adhesives was explored by comparing their properties with those of three natural adhesives and four synthetic adhesives. The best adhesive strength was obtained by dissolving the resin in 80 mL of distilled water containing 1.5 g NaOH, 1.65 g H₂O₂ ( pH 8.0-9.0), 0.5 g NaClO, and 0.5 g H₂BO₂. The adhesive strength, which showed minimal changes and excellent reversibility, was 125.39 kgf/cm². Ultraviolet radiation-mediated deterioration in strength in the absence of total aerobic bacteria was negligible (△E^*ab = 2.75). These data confirm the potential value of peach gum-based bio-adhesives for woodcraft as well as their utility as alternatives for natural and synthetic adhesives used for the manufacture and restoration of handicrafts and preservation of cultural assets.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• 제31집
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• pp.49-92
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• 2018

I have examined some beliefs in the Thunder God and their magico-ritual techniques in Korea from the perspective of Korean national religious history and have classified these types of beliefs. In several myths from ancient nations in Korea, the Thunder God was the Supreme being governing the Universe including the sky, earth, and water, and he justified political power transcendently. In the medieval period, the Thunder God who was called 'the Supreme God and Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven Who Spreads the Sound of the Thunder Corresponding to Primordial Origin' was the object of Daoist ritual for rain. In the early Joseon period, people believed that the prehistoric stone tools known as thunder axes were the tools of the Thunder God, and thereby were imbued with medicinal power. In the late Joseon period, beliefs in the Thunder God developed in various ways such as the overcoming of wars and healing of diseases. Modern Korean national religions including Daesoon Jinrihoe reappropriated the Thunder God called 'the Supreme God and Celestial Worthy of the Ninth Heaven Who Spreads the Sound of the Thunder Corresponding to Primordial Origin' from the perspective of the Great Opening (Kaebyŏk) and the resolution of grievances (Haewon).