• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.137-145
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• 2003

This research analyzed the space scheme in connection with complexity, one of the new changes in the discount stores, and has a goal of predicting the direction of space scheme in the upcoming complexity era. The research was conducted in the following way. Firstly, this researcher tried to grasp what kinds of changes were required in the overall distribution industry socially and economically. Secondly, the characteristic and situation of discount stores were scrutinized. Thirdly, the domestic stores' complexity status was classified and types of those were elicited. Fourthly, the time-series change and use were analyzed. The result of this analysis reveals that the types of complexity can be divided by location and adjustment to environmental changes. The time-series analysis shows that total operating area, the number of parked cars and the tenant ratio have increased dramatically in 2000 and 2003. And, according to the correlation analysis between factors, the tenant ratio has, a strong correlation with other two factors. Self-complexity takes the basic form of living facilities and complexity with other facilities is combined with other cultural, sales, educational and administrative ones. Mass-complexity is merged with the stadiums, parks or station sites. As you've seen, the concept of complex shopping mall for the realization of one stop shopping and convenience will continue in the days to come. It is desirable that the study on the large-scale shopping spaces will be conducted continually for the preparedness of future life style.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1450-1460
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• 2008

The goal of this study was to investigate the impacts of service quality, customer satisfaction, and switching burier on store loyalty of the clothes shops at large-scale discount stores. The subjects were 357 female adults living in Suncheon City, Jeollanam Province. The questionnaires were conveniently sampled from June 1 to 30, 2006. The collected data were factor and reliability analyzed using the SPSS program. And Regression was used to verify the relationships between the variables. Among the six hypotheses set in the research model, total three were accepted through empirical analysis and the rest three were accepted partially. The empirical results showed the following managerial implications. First, consumer' perceived service quality has relationship with customer satisfaction and store loyalty. Second, service quality has a positive relationship with switch barrier. Third, customer satisfaction has significantly related with switch barrier. Fourth, switch barrier has positively related with store loyalty. Finally, 'sales people', 'VMD/atmosphere', and 'assortment' of the service quality factors have positive relationships with store loyalty, but 'policy' has a negative relationship with store loyalty.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Postharvest Science and Technology of Agricultural Products Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.119.2-120
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• 2003

신선편이 채소류의 유통 중 품질변화를 조사하고자 대형 할인 매장에서 시판중인 8종의 포장된 제품을 구입하여 4$^{\circ}C$에서 냉장저장하면서 변화를 조사하였다. 선정 품목은 양상추, 양배추, 치커리, 버섯(양송이), 연근, 우엉, 도라지, 마늘로서 총 8가지 채소류를 대상으로 하였으며, 각 시료에 따라 엽채류는 2일, 버섯, 우엉, 도라지는 3일, 마늘은 4일, 연근은 5일 간격으로 다음의 항목을 조사하였다. 중량감소율, 경도, 가용성 고형분, pH를 측정하였으며, 색의 변화는 Hunter ‘a’, ‘b’ 및 ‘L’값으로 나타내었으며 표면의 갈변도를 기계적으로 측정하기 어려운 경우 마쇄 후 여액의 흡광도(420nm)로 측정하여 나타내었다. 이와 함께 포장지 내부의 기체조성 변화 측정을 통해 호흡특성을 함께 조사하였다. 중량감소율의 경우 모든 시료가 현저히 증가하였으나 진공포장된 연근, 우엉의 경우 중량감소율이 낮았으며, 특히 우엉은 호흡률이 높아 저장 6일째에 진공이 해제되었다. 마늘과 우엉의 pH는 감소하였고, 나머지는 전체적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 특히 엽채류와 도라지의 O.D value의 증가와 버섯의 L value 감소가 현저하여 이 품목에서 갈변이 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.193-202
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• 2007

본 연구는 최근 물류 활동 전반에 걸쳐 무선주파수를 이용해 상품과 사물에 내장된 정보를 읽어내는 기술인 RFID(Radio Frequency IDentification) 응용기술과 유비쿼터스 환경에서의 POS(POS : point of sales) 시스템의 발전 형태를 예측하여, 향후 국내 외 대형 할인점에서 적용할 수 있는 RFID 기반의 이동형 u-POS 시스템의 핵심기술개발에 관한 연구이다. 본 연구는 RFID 기반의 이동형 u-POS 시스템의 핵심기술을 크게 H/W와 S/W로 구분하여 H/W 측면으로는 기존의 쇼핑 Cart를 대체 할 수 있는 u-Cart 개발을 목표로 하고, S/W 측면으로는 기존의 POS 시스템과 연동 할 수 있는 u-Cart의 클라이언트 어플리케이션과 매장관리 서비스 모듈의 개발을 목표로 한 내용에 대하여 발표하고자 한다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 2001

A study on temperature control of freezers & refrigerators in department stores and supermakets was conducted in Taegu are from July 15 through August 30 in order to determine how the temperature is effectively controled for food safety. Five departments and four supermarkets were selected randomly and fifty seven refrigerators and fifty nine freezers were inspected to observe temperature of thermometers and measure the temperature of the coolers by laser thermometer. The results are as follow; 1. Out of one hundred and sixteen coolers, eighty six (74.1%) were open type coolers and thirty (25.9%) were closed types (p<.05). 2. Twenty five (89.3%) of refrigerators and twenty three (82.1%) of freezers in department stores had thermometers and twenty seven refrigerators (93.1%) and twenty two (71%) of freezers in supermarkets had thermometers respectively (p<.01). 3. The measured temperatures of coolers increased in the afternoon to compared to the temperatures of them in the morning time (p<.01). The difference of temperatures of coolers between department stores and supermarkets was wider in the supermarkets and difference of temperatures of food items between refrigerators and freezers was wider in the refrigerators but the difference was not statistically significant. 4. The temperatures of forty four (84.6%) out of fifty two refrigerators within recommended ranges and those of forty two (93.3%) of forty five freezers higher than recommended ranges (p<.05).

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.139-142
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• 2000

Excessive inventories result from poor scheduling, planning, and controls, and the converse is also same. With adequate inventories, supplies can transport products to customers in time without excessive delivering cost. So efficient inventory control is vital for successful logistics management operation. In terms of mass discount retailers such as Wal-Mart, Carrefour, E-Mart, and so on, they require the high-quality services such as a small-amount and a high-frequency delivery because of having small warehouse and wanting possess much more various goods. In the opposite, manufactures ask mass discount retailer to delivery more lots of goods because of reducing the number of deliveries. It goes without saying that both wish to prevent stockout(lack of inventories). Usually, mass discount retailers have the power more than manufactures. This paper proposed how to manage inventory and how many to order in view of the TPLC and supplier. We considered the economic order quantity models for multiple items so as to prevent urgent deliveries as possible as. And the tradeoff stockout costs and delivering costs.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.15-33
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• 2017

This paper considers a Bayesian Network analysis for understanding the heterogeneous cross-category effects of different promotion activities and developing an efficient overall promotion strategy for a large retail store. More specifically we differentiate price reduction promotion and floor promotion and study their heterogeneous effect on consumer purchase behavior under a market basket setting. We then utilize Bayesian networks in identifying complex association structure in market basket dataset by analyzing the effects of different promotional activities and also include the effects of time, family income and size. We find from our Bayesian network analysis that the dominant cross-category promotion effect of price promotion is the indirect effect whereas the dominant cross-category promotion effect of floor promotion is the direct effect. Also, among the demographic variables we find that family size of the household is linked with more product categories compared to income and see that there are differences in the extent of the effects by product category. Finally, we also show the existence of products acting as a network hub and how they can be utilized by retailers faced with a limited marketing budget and suggest a more efficient promotion strategy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.308-314
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• 2011

This study surveyed and compared the temperatures established in display stands and food surfaces for cold and frozen foods in large discount stores in Korea. The temperatures established in display stands for cold food ranged with $3.5{\pm}1.8^{\circ}C$ as mean, minimum and maximum were $0^{\circ}C$ and $7^{\circ}C$. However, the surface temperatures of cold food on sale ranged with $10.7{\pm}2.9^{\circ}C$ as a mean, minimum $4.6^{\circ}C$ and maximum $18.4^{\circ}C$. Totally, the surface temperature of cold food on sale was $7.2^{\circ}C$, as a mean, higher than established in display stands for cold food in large discount stores in Korea. 53% of the surveyed cold foods were more than $10^{\circ}C$ in surface temperature and only 47% was less than $10^{\circ}C$. The differences between temperatures were lowest in fruits, salads and vegetables, but highest in milk products. On the other hand, the temperatures established in display stands for frozen food showed a range with $-20.7{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ as a mean. However, the surface temperatures of frozen food on sale showed a range with $-15.4{\pm}5^{\circ}C$ as a mean, minimum $-28^{\circ}C$ and maximum $-4.6^{\circ}C$ (included defrosting). The surface temperatures of frozen food, frozen meats, frozen processed foods and ice creams were $-13.8^{\circ}C$, $-15.9^{\circ}C$, and $-16.8^{\circ}C$, respectively. Only 32.3% of surveyed frozen foods showed less than $-18^{\circ}C$ in surface temperature. In conclusion, the temperatures established on cold and frozen food display stands were less than those of cold and frozen food surfaces on sale. There was also much variation in food surface temperatures during cold and frozen food storage and sales. Therefore, a temperature management system technology use at the distribution level for cold and frozen foods will be developed.

• Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.183-201
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• 2005

The lowest price guarantee policy or price-matching guarantee is the pricing policy that promises to compensate more than the price difference if a consumer finds a lower price for the identical model he or she purchased and submits a certain proof. Most of Korean large discount stores emphasize their competitive price level by adopting the lowest price guarantee policy so that the entire Korean distribution industry is deeply influenced by the policy. The article is the study regarding the effects of the lowest price guarantee policy in Korean unique industry environments. The study investigated the effects of the policy on consumers' preferences of stores. By using the conjoint measurement model, it identified the main effects and interaction effects between the policy and other independent variables. The results showed the significant effects of the policy on consumers' preference of stores and identified the interaction effects between the distance from the residence and the policy, and between overall store price level and the policy.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.111-123
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• 2009

We investigated the consumption inclinations of consumers for environmentally-friendly agricultural products (EFAP) for better production and distribution of EFAP. Consumer inclinations in large supermarkets from April 7th to 30th, 2008 were surveyed. Data were analyzed using the SPSSWIN 12.0 program. Results showed that 90.4% of consumers recognized EFAP and 76.4% of those who recognized the products had actually bought the products. Members of the "have purchased group" bought EFAP once a week because they believed these products were safe from hazards, such as pesticide. The amount spent on EFAP was less than 20% of the total food budget and the major consumed items were green vegetables and fruits. The sale location was mainly large supermarkets and agricultural cooperation outlets. Although many people were satisfied with EFAP from the viewpoint of nutritional and sensory qualities and safety compared with general agricultural products, they were notsatisfied with the price. Many consumers trusted that EFAP were safe and nutritional. Members of the "not purchased group" also trusted the nutritional and sensory qualities of EFAP and recognized the safety issue, but they were not satisfied with the price, compared with general agricultural products. Consequently, to succeed in the market, EFAP should maintain the confidence of the consumer while decreasing in price.