• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.647-654
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was done to evaluate the parents' or guardians' compliance of obtaining individual informed consent before vaccination and the possible problems of using informed consent. Methods : One hundred and twelve children were randomly selected among 2,820 children who visited Samsung Cheil Hospital during July 2002. A questionnaire about using informed consent of vaccination was given to all parents or guardians of these children. Results : Most of the responders were mothers(80.4%). As for the places of vaccination, 87(77.7%) persons vaccinated their children at general hospitals. In response to a request for informed consent of vaccination, 73(65.2%) complied well with requests every time. In subscribing to informed consent, 62(55.4%) were pleased, 40(35.7%) stated it was necessary despite in inconveniance. Because of dislike of subscribing to informed consent(55), 33(60%) persons stated that it was difficult to subscribe to informed consent during the inconveniant time of nursing baby. Eighty(71.4%) found it useful to read informed consent for an understanding of potential negative reactions. Being informed of potential negative reactions, 105(93.8%) stated that they would vaccinate their children despite of the potential of a worrisome negative reaction. In dealing with negative reaction, 77(68.8%) said that they would contact a hospital, 32(28.6%) said that they would care for their children at home. Eleven(9.8 %) experienced negative reactions after vaccination. Conclusion : Compliance of parents to informed consent was relatively good. Parents or guardians should receive relevant information and the aim of informed consent also should be adequately understood.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.584-596
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• 2008

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate treatment compliance and related factors in pediatric patients. Methods : Three hundred and fifty-five patients diagnosed with various acute diseases at a teaching hospital or clinic in October 2003 were enrolled. Data were analyzed using the Health Belief Model, which includes items on self-efficacy and family assistance. Results : The study found that 62.9% of pediatric patients adhered faithfully to agreed-upon hospital revisits, 41.6% complied with dose timings instructions, 65.8% precisely took medication, and 27.2% complied with all of these requirements. According to ${\chi}^2$ test analysis, the factors found to be related to therapeutic compliance (the taking of medicines requested) were; susceptibility, severity, benefit, barriers, mother's self-efficacy, and family assistance (P<.05). Multiple logistic analysis and path analysis showed that susceptibility, severity, barriers, and mother's self-efficacy were related to therapeutic compliance (P<.05). Moreover, mother's self-efficacy was identified as the most important factor. Conclusion : To improve therapeutic compliance among pediatric patients, parental education is necessary, and a health care professional must take a thorough history of how the medication was taken before it is assumed that treatment failure is attributable to the medication prescribed. Furthermore, the type of device recommended for dosing should be determined by clinicians. In addition, it is important that pediatric medications be discussed in relation to their palatability and internal acceptability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.23 no.1 s.29
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• pp.22-32
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• 1990

Associations between type A behavior Pattern (TABP) and parental social control were examined by a questionnaire survey in a sample of 803 undergraduates of the three universities in Daegu city in 1988. TABP was assessed by the Student Jenkins Activity Survey (SJAS, short form) and social control of parents by Bernstein and Brandis' Index of control and communication which were both dichotomized by median. The mean age of the sample was 20.7 (standard deviation, 2.2) and mean of total score of SJAS was 5.6 with its standard deviation and median, 2.7 and 5, respectively. In stratified analysis for TABP-social control association by the native place, sex and socioeconomic status (SES), males of rural origin with low SES showed odds ratio (OR), 2.49 but those with high SES 0.40. For females of rural origin, those with low SES showed OR, 1.02, whereas those with high SES did 0.35. For those who was of urban origin, males with low SES had OR 1.27, and those with high SES did 1.29. Females with high SES showed 0.85 and those with low SES 0.67. None of the TABP-social control associations among the strata showed confidence intervals not including unity. In multiple logistic regression by native place, for those with rural origin the only term showed a statistically significance was the social control-SES of parents interaction, OR 3.99 (95% confidence interval, $1.03{\sim}15.46$). For those of urban origin, none of the terms are statistically significant. These results suggest a social upward mobility by education of the rural disadvantaged group and a Confucian idea that regards academic achievement as one of social virtues, both of which may reflect the different sociocultural structures from the West.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.60-82
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• 1977

The purpose of this study is first, to analyse the present nursing education and the curriculum in Korea in view of the changes and the new tendency of nursing education and second, to compare our curriculum with that of America, where nursing activities are actively earring on and, third, to try to find out what we should reconsider and improve in our nursing education. The object of this study is the educational program and the curriculum from 1973 to 1976 by selecting each five from colleges and department of nursing in Korea and America. The results of the study were as fellows : . 1. The aim of nursing education puts impassion the role of leader, knowledge and technology of nursing, welfare of society and service of community in both the America and Korea. In Korea nursing is mainly restricted to the treatment of diseases, while in the America the items of the aim of nursing are mainly extended to the capacity for Self- realization of nurse, in Korea they are restricted to the treatment of diseases. 2. In Korea the rate of credit of the curriculum of nursing education is the highest in professional education, next in general education, next in supporting science and educational subject, while in America the rate of the credit is the highest in general education, next professional education and then supporting Science and educational subject isn′t included in the curriculum. 3. In both Korea and America the role of the animal credit allotment in general education, is the highest in the first year and the rate in supporting science is the highest in the second year. In Korea professional subjects are concentrated in the third year while in America there is a tendency that they are increasing in number in the grade order. 4. There is a tendency that the rate of the credit allotment of the main professional subjects in curriculum is higher in Korea than in America : that is, in Korea the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in medical - surgical nursing, next maternal - child nursing, next community - health nursing and the psychiatric nursing and there in a great difference in the rate of the allotment of each credit. While in America the rate of the allotment of the credit is the highest in community - health nursing, next in medical- surgical nursing, next in maternal - child nursing, and then in psychiatric nursing and there is little difference in the rate of tile allotment of each credit. 5. From general education, supporting science and professional education, they have considered the continuity and sequence in the structure of nursing curriculum of Korea and America. While in Korea we have partly made integration in tile content of the subjects. Most of the school in America, they have made integration in the content of subjects especially in all subjects, but in Korea we haven't made it in all subjects. 6. In the system and form of nursing education Problem solving method, Dialectical method and operational method are introduced in some America schools and in others there is a tendency that the whole nursing education has the system based on Preventive frame - work or Health -illness frame work ; while only one college has an attempt for Health - Illness continue in Korea. 7. In Korea nursing education, as the importance of health- nursing and team nursing, the aim which is also comparatively emphasized is about health management and service of collective community. The subject pertaining to the aim is the studies of community health nursing, which are more in number in America. 8. When we consider the association between the social, general aims ?f the nursing education and the formation of the curriculum in Korean nursing school the courses of study concerning "the role of leadership and cooperative personal relation": "nursing care for the group": dynamic nursing care": and "the system of the public health nursing associated with the understanding of the regional community" are insufficient as compared with those of America. Especially, the lack of the behavioral science including the nursing care connected with the care for the group, the basic science on the clinical and developmental psychology, anthropology in known to be a prominent issue.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.139-154
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• 2018

R programming is free and open source system associated with a rich and ever-growing set of libraries of functions developed and submitted by independent end-users. It is recognized as a popular tool for handling big data sets and analyzing them. Reflecting these characteristics, R has been gaining popularity from data analysts. However, the antecedents of R technology acceptance has not been studied yet. In this study we identify and investigates cognitive factors contributing to build user acceptance toward R in education environment. We extend the existing technology acceptance model by incorporating social norms and software capability. It was found that the factors of subjective norm, perceived usefulness, ease of use affect positively on the intention of acceptance R programming. In addition, perceived usefulness is related to subjective norms, perceived ease of use, and software capability. The main difference of this research from the previous ones is that the target system is not a stand-alone. In addition, the system is not static in the sense that the system is not a final version. Instead, R system is evolving and open source system. We applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to the target system which is a platform where diverse applications such as statistical, big data analyses, and visual rendering can be performed. The model presented in this work can be useful for both colleges that plan to invest in new statistical software and for companies that need to pursue future installations of new technologies. In addition, we identified a modified version of the TAM model which is extended by the constructs such as subjective norm and software capability to the original TAM model. However one of the weak aspects that might inhibit the reliability and validity of the model is that small number of sample size.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 1988

내담자와 상담자간의 관계형성 추진에 관한 연구가 C. Rogers에 의해 시작된 이래, 돕는자 또는 상담자가 가져야 할 주요 조건으로서 공감, 존중, 온정, 확고부동함, 진지성, 자기노출, 직면반응 등을 들고 있으며 이중 둘 또는 세 요소 등을 선택하여 그 효과를 보고 있으나 역시 가장 주요한 요소로써는 공감을 들고 있다. 공감에 관한 연구는 그 본질의 정서적 측면, 인지적 측면 또는 복합적인 측면을 강조하면서 시도되고 있으나 간호원은 돕는자로써 환자의 문제해결을 위한 전수자적 역할을 해야한다는 점을 고려할때 간호현상에서의 공감에 관한 연구는 복합적인 측면을 강조하는 공감이 어 야 한다고 생각한다. 간호학자들도 간호원의 돕는 행위중 주요 요소로써 공감을 들고 있으며 특히 Lamonica는 공감측정을 위한 도구를 개발하였으며 공감이란 환자가 간호원이 환자의 입장을 이해하고 도와준다는 사실을 인지하고 그 고마움을 표현하는 것을 의미한다고 하였다. 본 연구자는 간호원-환자간의 촉진적 관계형성을 위한 교육내용 개발에 대한 기본 연구로써 한국인의 공감 정도를 측정할 수 있는 도구개발의 중요성을 느껴 Lamonica 의 공감측정 도구를 번역하게 되었다. 본 연구의 구체적인 목적은 미국문화권에서 사용되는 공감측정 도구가 한국인에게 적합하고 의미있게 번역되었는지를 확인하고 또한 한국인이 인지한 공감에 대한 탐색을 하는데 있다. 위 목적달성을 위하여 횡문화적 연구과정을 통한 개념분석, 도구 개발에 대한 통계분석을 시도하였다. 한국인의 공감 개념 분석을 위하여 미국 텍사스 오스틴에 있는 한국인에게 공감의 뜻, 동의어, 어떤 경우에 공감을 느꼈는지, 어떤 경우에 비공감적임을 느꼈는지를 물은 결과 한국인이 갖는 공감의 의미는 미국인의 것과 유사하지만 그 표현방법의 차이가 있음을 알게 되었다. 따라서 두 국가에서 사용되는 공감의 의미가 유사하고 또한 간호학자인 Lamonica가 개발한 공감측정 도구를 한국인에게 사용하는데 무리가 없을 것으로 판단되었다. 도구의 번역은 텍사스 주립대학 박사과정 지원생인 임상 심리 학자에게 의뢰하고 그 정확성을 판단하기 위해 인간을 대상으로 하는 학문을 연구하는 한국인(간호학, 사회학, 신문방송, 광고학, 심리학 전공)에게 그 정확성 유무를 물어 최고 27점, 최하 9점중 22점 미만인 문항에 대해서는 미국 간호학자와 의논하여 수정ㆍ보완하였다. 그 후 일반인으로 간주되는 한국인에게 그 도구의 이해 여부를 확인한 후 통계분석을 시도하였다. 대상자는 미국 텍사스 오스틴에 거주하면서 한국을 떠난지 3년 미만인 성인 45명을 대상으로 하였다. 2차에 걸친 자료수집 과정상 5명의 자료는 분석 불가능하다고 판단되어 총 40명의 자료를 spss- X를 이용하여 cronbach's alpha, test-retest stability, intercorrelation matrix 분석을 통한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) cronbach's alpha는 1차 .9353 2차 .9666으로써 문항의 동질성을 보였고, 3, 4주 간격으로 행한 test-retest stability는 .7619(p＝000)이였다. 2) 반면에 intercorrelation matrix에서는 역관계 또는 무관계를 보였으며 84문항중 26문항의 item-to-total correlation값이 .35미만이었고 이 중 16문항은 .30 미만이었다. 이들을 제외한 68문항과 58문항의 각각의 item-to-total correlation간은 .96이었고 test retest stability 역시 .76으로써 84문항 전체에 관한 값과 유사하였다. 3) 역상관 또는 무상관의 값을 보인 문항을 미국 간호학자와 재검토한 결과 본래 문항에서의 단어 의미가 복합적이거나 불분명한 것이었고 또는 미국 문화권에서 사용되는 특이한 용어임을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 한국인 공감 측정 도구의 타당성을 높이기 위해 역통역을 시도하였다. 그후 공감에 관한 연구를 하고 있는 미국 학자에게 그 정확성을 판단하여 최종적으로 58문항이 한국인 공감측정 도구로서 적합하다는 판단을 하였다. 위 결과를 통한 결론 및 제언은 다음과 같다. 인간의 행위는 조건화된 문화권에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 이것은 같은 현상을 인지하는데도 영향을 미치게 되며 본 연구와 같이 어떤 현상에 대한 횡문화적 연구는 그 행위를 이해하는데 도움을 준다. 그러나 한국에서 간호에 대한 연구가 한국적 토착화 과정에 있으므로 그 연구 방법이나 도구사용이 서구의 것을 도입해야 하는 입장을 고려할 때 도구번역 과정은 원래의 의미나 함축성을 내포한 번역이어야 하며 소홀히 해서는 안될 과정임을 재확인되었다. 또한 추후 연구로써 다양한 계층의 다수를 대상으로 한 한국인 공감 측정 도구의 타당성을 재확인해야 하며 요인분석을 시도할 필요성이 있다고 사려된다.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.32
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• pp.209-245
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• 2006

This study examines primarily the effects of perceived risk and scarcity massage on consumers in CATV homeshopping. For consumers, the perceived risk is the cause of delaying purchase decision in CATV Homeshopping while scarcity message in the Ad facilitate purchasing intention in the CATV homeshopping. And another important characteristic of consumer which exerts impact on the response of consumer to the Ad and the product is the frequency of purchasing experience. Thus the purpose of this study is to test the effect of 3 factors on consumer's response to homeshopping Ad and product: one is perceived risk, another is scarcity message and the third is consumer's difference in purchasing. And these are defined as independent variables. The responses of the consumer, the dependent variables of this test are measured in three dimensions; 1) the purchasing intention of the product, 2) the attitude toward the Ad, and 3) the attitude toward product of the consumer. 110 housewives are sampled and assigned to 4 experimental groups. All the groups first watched a video-taped homeshopping Ad messages, and then filled up their responses on the administered questionnaire. The results of this study shows as follows: 1) Perceived risk has negative effect to consumer response. 2) Scarcity message has positive effect to consumers response. 3) But especially perceived risk has negative effect to high frequency purchasing experience group. 4) Scarcity message has also negative effect to high frequency purchasing experience group. 5) The interaction effect of perceived risk and scarcity message is most prominent to the consumers of high frequent purchasing experience.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.172-173
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• 1989

본 연구는 전국의 보건진료원이 하는 업무를 분석하여 우리나라 보건진료원 제도 정착에 도움을 주는 기초자료를 제공하는 연구의 일환으로 강원도 지역에서 실시하였다. 연구대상은 강원도에 있는 보건진료원 전수로 하였고 이중 응답자수는 108명이었다. 연구도구는 문헌과 간호교육자들에 의해 작성 된 구조화된 설문지를 사용하였으며 수집된 자료는 SPSS를 이용하여 빈도, 백분율, 평균 및 피어슨 상관계수를 구하였고 유의성 검정을 위해서 t-test, ANOVA의 통계방법을 사용하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 조사대상자인 보건진료원의 평균 연령이 31.5세이며 과반수의 보건진료원이 30세 미만 이었고 기혼자가 마혼자보다 약간 많았다. 보건진료원의 반수 이상이 현재 가족과 동거하고 있었고 학력은 3년제 간호전문대학 졸업자가, 경력은 3년 미만인 사람이 대부분이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 대부분 이었으며 종교를 가진 사람이 안가진 사람보다 더 많았다. 또한 보건진료원의 근무지역 조건은 대부분이 을지에서 근무하고 있었고 대부분의 보건진료원이 신축된 보건진료소 시설에서 업무를 수행하고 보건진료소 내의 숙소에서 거주하는 것으로 냐타났다. 2) 보건진료원이 담당하는 평균 주민수는 1,660.8명 이었으며 과반수 정도의 보건진료원이 $501\sim1,000$명이 이상적인 적정 담당 주민수라고 생각하고 있었다. 강원도 주민의 연평균 보건진료소 이용자수는 4,099.3명 이었고 이용 주민수가 5,000명 이상인 보건진료소도 11개소 12.9 %나 되었다. 3) 보건진료소 사업대상지역 내에 있는 보건 의료기관은 약방 및 약종상이 62.1 %로 가장 많이 분포되어 있었고 보건지소도 16 %나 사업대상지역 내에 함께 있는 것으로 나타났다. 지역주민의 보건의료기관 이용은 보건진료소가 59.0 % 로 지역주민이 가장 많이 이용하고 있었고 보건 진료원이 가장 많이 이용하는 의뢰기관은 뱅 의원이 66 %, 보건소가 36.4 %로 나타났다. 또한 보건진료소의 보건의료기관과의 협조관계는 보건소와는 과반수 정도가 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답 한 반면 보건지소와 잘 협조하고 있다고 응답한 율은 37.6 % 밖에 안되었다. 4) 보건진료원이 업무영역 수행 정도를 살펴 보면 5점 만점에 통상질환관리가 3.69점, 사업 운영 관리 및 지도는 3.45점, 모자보건 및 가족계획은 3.28 점, 지역사회 조직 및 개발은 3.27 점, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집은 3.17 점, 사업 계획 수립은 3.14 점, 지역사회 보건관리는 3.13 점의 순으로 나타났다. 보건진료원의 업무영역을 l 일 8 시간으로 하여 l 주 44 시간을 기준으로 측정하면 통상질환관리 18.56시간, 지역사회 보건관리 5.67 시간, 모자보건 및 가족계획 5.52 시간, 사업 운영관리 및 지도 4.10시간, 지역사회 조직 및 개발 3.05 시간, 보건정보체계 개발 및 수집 2.94 시간, 사업계획 수립 2.89시간의 순으로 나타났다. 5) 보건진료원의 업무영역별 수행 소요시간의 상판판계를 살펴보면 지역사펴 조직 및 개발을 위 해 소요한 시간은 사엽계획 수립 소요시간 및 보건정 보체계 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를, 사업 계획 수립 소요시간은 지역사회 보건관리, 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리 소요시간 및 보건정보체제 관리 소요시간과 순상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 통상질환관리 소요시간은 지역 사회 조직 및 개발, 사업계획 수립, 지역사회 보건관리와 모자보건 및 가족계획 관리, 사업운영 관리 및 지도, 보건정보체계 관리 소요시간과 역상관관계를 나타내었다. 6) 보건진료원의 총 업무수행 정도를 잘펴보면 업무수행 점수의 평균은 87.5점이었으며 보건진료원의 근무지가 병지이고 보건진료소의 시설상태가 나쁜 경우 업무수행 점수가 높은 것으로 나타났으며 업무수행 정도와는 별 차이가 없었다.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.64-69
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• 2015

Objectives: We investigated whether sleep behaviors, severity of insomnia and circadian typology are associated with quality of life among Gyeongsang National University (GNU) medical students. Methods: Questionnaires were distributed to 46 fourth-year students of GNU Medical School. The hospital anxiety-depression scale, insomnia severity index (ISI), morningness-eveningness questionnaire (MEQ) and WHO Quality of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) were used. Results: Quality of life in terms of physical health was associated with age, weekday total sleep time (TST), weekend TST, catch up sleep, depression, ISI score, and MEQ score. Quality of life in terms of psychological health was correlated to weekday and weekend TST, anxiety, ISI score and MEQ score. Sex, weekday TST, depression, and ISI score were revealed to influence the social aspect of quality of life, and weekday and weekend TST, and ISI score were associated with quality of life in terms of environment. Multiple regression analysis showed that better sleep quality predicted to a higher quality of life in terms of physical, psychological and environmental health, and eveningness was associated with a better quality of life in terms of physical and psychological health. Conclusion: It is concluded that physical, psychological, and environmental aspects of quality of life were associated with quality of sleep and that physical and psychological aspects of quality of life were related to eveningness in GNU medical students. Therefore, it is equally important to treat emotional problem as well as improve sleep quality.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 1993

Background: Long-term low flow oxygen therapy not only increases survival, but also improves the quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with chronic hypoxemia. For the assessment and improvement of the status of home oxygen therapy, we analyzed clinical experience of 26 patients who have been administered low flow oxygen at home. Method: Twenty-six patients (18 men and 8 women) who have been received long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) at home were examined. We reviewed physical characteristics, clinical history, pulmonary function test, ECG, arterial blood gas analysis, hemoglobin and hematocrit, types of oxygen devices, inhalation time per day, concentration of administered $O_2$, duration of $O_2$ therapy, and problems in the home oxygen therapy. Results: The underlying diseases of patients were COPD 14 cases, far advanced old pulmonary tuberculosis 9 cases, bronchiectasis 2 cases, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 1 case. The reasons for LTOT at home were noted for cor pulmonale 21 cases, for dyspnea on exertion and severe ventilatory impairment 4 cases, and for oxygen desaturation during sleep 1 case. The mean values of aterial blood gas analysis before home oxygen therapy were $PaO_2$ 57.7 mmHg, $PaCO_2$ 48.2 mmHg, and $SaO_2$ 87.7%. And the mean values of each parameters in the pulmonary function test were VC 2.05 L, $FEV_1$ 0.92 L, and $FEV_1$/FVC% 51.9%. Nineteen patients have used oxygen tanks as oxygen devices, 1 patient oxygen concentrator, 2 patients oxygen tank and liquid oxygen, and other 4 patients oxygen tank together with portable oxygen. The duration of oxygen therapy was below 1 year in 3 cases, 1~2 years in 15 cases, 3~5 years in 6 cases, 9 years in 1 case, and 10 years in 1 case. All patients have inhalated oxygen with flow rate less than 2.5 L/min. And only 10 patients have inhalated oxygen more than 15 hours per day, but most of them short time per day. Conclusion: For the effective oxygen administration, it is necessary that education for long-term low flow oxygen therapy to patients, their family and neighbor should be done, and also the institutional backup for getting convenient oxygen devices is required.