• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.721-736
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• 2019

In this paper, the behavior of the fire smoke due to the operation of the ventilation systems when the fire occurred in the underground station (6 basement floors) and the tunnel at the great depth was measured. Fire smoke was generated by using a smoke generator which realized heat buoyancy effect by using hot air blower. The two locations of the fire were selected on the platform and on the platform of the tunnel located outside the screen door. A ventilation mode is generally used in which smoke is exhausted through a vent hole provided in a platform when a platform fire occurs. The tests were performed by operating the exhaust through the ventilation holes of the tunnel part located at both ends of the platform. The smoke density and the wind speed/velocity were measured at various positions, and the videos were taken to analyze the movement and smoke of the smoke. In both cases for fire inside the platform and in the railway tunnel, due to the ventilation mode operation of the fan for the platform and the exhaust of the fans in the tunnel smoke were well exhausted and the smoke propagation to the area near the smoke zone was suppressed. The smoke-control mode, which is applied to both fans for the platform and fans for in the tunnel at both ends of the platform, can provide a safer evacuation environment to the passengers from the fire smoke when the platform fire or fire train stops.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.02a
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• pp.703-707
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• 2008

This paper proposes a method of design and implementation a simulation system in which humans can plan their evacuation paths in a high-rise building considering damages from high temperature and smoke in case of fire. Humans in evacuation search the nearest exit and follow a path to the exit. When humans are evacuating toward an exit, they are going to move with their highest speeds. However, many environmental factors prohibit their fast movements. In this paper, we calculate the evacuation speed of each human considering temperature damage and smoke damage. We restrict the number of humans that can be evacuated per second according to the actual size of the exit door. Experimental results showed that the evacuation speed is affected by the temperature condition and the smoke density.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.222-230
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• 2017

The Ministry of Public Safety and Security plans to expand fire safety education infrastructure to provide customized fire safety education, spread fire safety culture and develop a tailored fire safety education system as a part of the 2016 Citizens' Safety Improvement Policy. This study has also been designed to improve safety problems in the Republic of Korea. Even though safety education has been given, citizens aren't still able to experience a close-to-real situation. In addition, their understanding and satisfaction with the curriculum are very low. Therefore, this study offers VR fire-extinguishing experience education contents as an effective alternative. With a goal of having the participants experience fire extinguishing and evacuation drill in a virtual space, this program has the following advantages: i) safe fire-extinguishing experience; ii) UI to create fun ; iii) useful in fire-extinguishing education; iv) budget saving. we configure the VR fire experience system structure and hardware by applying UX design methodology. We also develop for VR-specific motion recognition plug-in and controller that can be feeling in HMD environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

Including heat wave, Climate change caused 150,000 casualty in 2000 and heat waves are meteorological events that pose a serious threat to human health. A heat wave is defined as "a period of abnormally and uncomfortably hot and usually humid weather". There is a need for the prevention of health effects due to weather and climate extremes. This study intends to propose the necessity of Response System to correspond to extreme heat. And this research focused on Cooling Center manual of facility and maintenance for extreme heat disaster. It would be useful to be planned based on community and to be taken a role as an E.O.C.(Emergency Operating Center). As a conclusion elderly watching system and the requirements regional cooling center facility was proposed.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

Several studies have been conducted on monitoring system and automatic measuring instruments to prevent slope failure in advance in Korea and overseas. However, these studies have quite complex structure. Since most of the measurement systems are installed on the slope surface, the researches are carried on the measurement system that detects sign of slope collapse in advance and alerts are still unsatisfactory. In this study, slope collapse experiments were carried out to understand the slope failure mechanism according to rainfall conditions. The water content and displacement behavior at the early stage of the slope failure were analyzed through the measurement of the ground displacement and water content. The results of this study can be used by local government as a basic data for the design of slope failure alarm system to evacuate residents in case of slope failure or landslide due to heavy rainfall.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.569-574
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• 2018

This paper proposes and implements a LoRa-based emergency exit guide system which can direct the optimal refuge path accounting for the real state of the fires. Each 4-way emergency exit guide sign presents a right direction through one of four LED signs toward the possible exit dynamically calculated by the shortest path algorithm. We constructed a simulation environment with 8 spots of the emergency exit guide signs and 2 exits, which can simulate variant cases of fire accidents, and showed that the proposed algorithm can presents the right guidance for each emergency exit guide sign. We also evaluated the performances of LoRa-based wireless communications using a self developed communication module in the various indoor and outdoor environments. The proposed system can be applied to small and medium sized buildings as well as larger ones in terms of cost efficiency, in which there's no needs to invest for the complex equipments except only sensors and emergency exit guide signs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.212-219
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• 2021

Chemical accidents caused by transport vehicles account for 20% of all chemical accidents every year, but there are difficulties in the accident-response process due to repeated situations where the impact assessment information is unknown. In this study, we developed a calculation table and formula for predicting the range of damage for chlorine and hydrogen fluoride, which have a high domestic usage, high risk of accidents, and high accident frequency in the last 7 years. The calculation table is based on the leakage rate, wind speed, and temperature, and the calculation formula was derived using R software for special situations where it is difficult to apply the calculation table. The calculation table and formula could be used on site by related organizations to obtain important information for decision making, which could help in minimizing damage from chemical accidents, setting separation distances, and deciding to evacuate residents.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.41-51
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• 2020

As there are the elderly who have difficulty in evacuating themselves, it is necessary to develop architectural and institutional planning for nursing homes that can minimize disaster damage. The purpose of this study was to suggest the improvement plan by grasping the current status of nursing homes on planning aspects such as floor plan type, spatial layout, and evacuation route through 14 case studies in Cheongju city in terms of disaster safety. The results of this study were as follows; the most common plan type was the grouped-corridor type difficulty in securing evacuation routes. The circulation corridor type is need to be considered because it is possible not only to secure evacuation and nursing routes, but also to create a hanging around corridor for the elderly with dementia. Second, if there is a risk of flooding due to the location, the living room should be placed on the 2nd floor or more. In particular, a kitchen should be placed not adjacent to the entrance and the vertical evacuation route. Third, the horizontal evacuation route should be arranged differently depending on the floor plan type. For vertical evacuation routes, it is necessary to install outdoor stairs or ramps considering the evacuation characteristics of the elderly. In addition, the institutional aspects should be considered to ensure the safety of disasters.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2023.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2023

최근 대한민국에서는 기후변화로 전국 각지에서 돌발성 호우와 태풍의 강도 및 발생빈도가 높아지고 있다. 이에 따라 주요 국가시설이 위치한 해안 도시의 2차원 3차원 모형을 통해 극한 조건하 침수 분석을 수행하였다. 먼저 해양수산부 "2019년 전국 심해설계파 보고서"를 기반으로 극치분포 중 Weibull 분포를 이용하여 극한 조건, 1,000년부터 1,000,000년 빈도의 재현기간의 파도 높이와 풍속을 계산하였다. 계산 결과를 SWAN(Simulating WAves Nearshore)의 입력값으로 해상에서 100m 간격의 파고 높이를 계산하였다. 이때 100m 간격으로는 방파제 지형을 정확히 해석하지 못하였기에, 상세파고 계산을 위한 Nesting 기법을 이용하여 20m 간격의 파고 결과를 도출하였고, 해안 도시 인근 해상에서 10.916m의 파고를 예측하였다. 또한, 예측된 파고를 이용해 EurOtop(2018) 매뉴얼의 경험식을 기반으로 연구 유역으로 유입되는 월류량 계산에 사용하였다. 결과로 16방위 중 SSE 방향, 1,000,000년 빈도 재현기간 조건에서 0.0306cms/m의 월파량을 예측했다. 예측된 자료를 바탕으로 2차원 침수해석은 FLO-2D 모형, 3차원 침수해석은 FLOW-3D 모형을 이용하였다. 2차원 침수해석 결과 주요 지점에서 0.18~0.33m의 침수가 예상되었고 3차원 침수해석 결과 동일한 지점에서 0.240~0.333m의 침수가 예상되었다. 모의 결과 2차원과 3차원 모형 간 침수 예측 결과가 0.3cm에서 6.1cm의 차이를 나타내어 모형 구축이 합리적으로 이뤄졌다고 판단하였으며 연구 유역에서는 침수가 예상된다는 결과를 도출하였다. 본 연구를 통해 기후변화에 따른 해안에 위치한 주요 도시지역과 국가 주요 시설물에 대한 침수해석을 실시하였고 분석결과를 생명과 재산을 보호하기 위한 대피계획 등 재난예방대책 수립에 활용할 수 있음으로 예상된다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.194-200
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• 2008

In order to design and operate successfully the pressure differential system for smoke control which uses difference of pressure between compartments of building, architectural factors affecting the pressure field of building should be examined and the stack effect is one of the important factors. The field experiments on pressure field in two buildings of 21 stories and 31 stories in summer and winter season with regard to on/off condition of the pressure differential system are carried out to evaluate the influence of stack effect to evacuation and smoke management of high-rise building. In winter season when the stack effect increases, as the pressure differential system starts to operate, the pressure in upper stair rises largely due to the combination effect of the air infiltration from lobby to stair and the stack effect.