• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.71-97
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of the fear of compassion and the difficulties of emotional regulation on the relationship between attachment trauma and interpersonal problems. The participants in this study were 296 Korean university students. The participants completed self-report questionnaires that assessed their attachment trauma, fear of compassion, emotional regulation difficulties, and interpersonal problems. Those with high attachment trauma had significantly more interpersonal problems, fear of compassion from others, fear of self-compassion, and emotional regulation difficulties than those with low attachment trauma. Further, fear of compassion and difficulties in emotional regulation were shown to fully mediate and fully dual-mediate the relationship between attachment trauma and interpersonal problems. These findings suggest that attachment trauma affects the degree to which university students experience interpersonal problems and that fear of compassion and emotional regulation difficulties may be the mechanism underlying that relationship. This paper discusses several limitations of this study and areas for future research.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate the correlation between relationship ability and ADL performance ability of patients with TBI. Methods : This study was carried out from March 2012 to April 2012 with 20 patients with TBI. Relationship ability assessed using Relationship Change Scale(RCS), ADL performance ability assessed using Functional Independence Measure(FIM). Results : The RCS showed a high level of correlation with marital status and duration of illness. The RCS showed a high level of correlation with the FIM total score and the FIM cognition area. However the RCS did not show a correlation with the FIM motor area. Conclusions : Functional disability of social cognition is a factor that disturbs rehabilitation after TBI and it has a negative influence on the relationship in ADL. If accurate evaluation and treatment on relationship ability after TBI are carried out side by side from the initial stages of onset, we could expect more patients to improve their social cognition and ADL performance ability.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.1
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• pp.263-288
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• 2015

This study is to research the mediating effects of optimism and quality of relationship which interpersonal traumatic experience influences posttraumatic growth. It focuss on verifying the impact of interpersonal traumatic experience to optimism and quality of relationship and the influence of optimism and quality of relationship to posttraumatic growth. And also it is to verify dual mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Data for this study were collected through the use of a survey instrument completed by 405 interpersonal traumatic experience, 30-60 age group. Collected data were analysed by AMOS program, Structure Equation Model(SEM) was implemented to verify the mediating effect between optimism and quality of relationship. Finally, Phantom Variable was utilized for verification of indirect influence of a multi mediating effects. The findings of this study were as follows, First, the result shows that the higher level interpersonal traumatic experience, the higher posttraumatic growth they have. Second, it shows that optimism and quality of relationship have partial mediating effect between interpersonal traumatic experience and posttraumatic growth. Third, it was analyzed that optimism and quality of relationship had double mediating effect. Based on these findings, the research discussion reinforced the importance of intervene with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma. Theological, political and practical implications of this study are as follows. First, it has a series of significance in terms of that this study confirmed its influence considering the quality of relationship from interpersonal experience among relevant factors of traumatic accident, optimism among individual factors, quality of relationship among environmental factors based on 'the crisis of life and the theory of individual growth'. econd, even though optimism and quality of relationship were proved as major predictors for posttraumatic growth of those who experience interpersonal traumatic, psychological support center for traumatic experience is not operated systematically in Korea. Third, this study implies that it should intervene mainly with its optimism and quality of relationship in the site of those who experience interpersonal trauma such as any abuses including sexual abuse, bullying, and divorce.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.04a
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• pp.149-154
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• 2018

본 연구의 차별화는 첫째, 소방공무원의 직무를 수행하기 위해 외상경험을 감소시킬 수 있는 주요 요인을 고찰하고 감소시킬 수 있는 대안을 제언하고자 한다. 둘째, 소방공무원이 신체적, 심리적, 특성과 사회적 영향을 고려하고, 심리적 저항감을 최소화하기 위해 회복탄력성 방안에 대한 고찰을 하고자 한다. 셋째, 소방공무원의 개인 심리적 특성, 사회적 영향 등을 살펴보고 정서적 심리치유를 할 수 있는 상담이 지속적으로 이루어져질 수 있는 사회복지상담학적 접근으로서의 연구는 필요하다. 이를 위해 본 연구의 목적은 소방공무원의 외상 경험 영향요인에 대해 살펴보고, 이들 요인이 직무소진과 우울, 불안 및 대인관계에 영향을 미치는 요인들에 대한 차이 비교를 연구하고자 한다. 이를 통해 향후 소방공무원들의 직무만족을 시키기 위해서는 심리적 정서치유가 될 수 있는 마음챙김이 이루어져야 함을 시사한다.

• The Korean Journal of Elementary Counseling
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.279-298
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to explore the different perceptions of relationship with significant others of multicultural children with PTSD symptoms. To select the subjects for this study, Korean version of Greenwald and Rubin's CROPS(Child Report of Post-traumatic Symptoms) was administered to 97 multicultural children and 110 Korean children. Among them 20 multicultural children and 22 Korean children were determined as children with PTSD symptoms. SCT was administrated to 42 children and the content analysis of 42 SCTs was undertaken. The following results are the major findings of this research: a) multicultural children perceived their mothers, fathers, friends, and teachers more negatively than Korean children; b) only 55% of multicultural children had positive self-images while almost Korean children had positive self-images; c) multicultural children expressed psychological trauma from peers in school while Korean children expressed psychological trauma from parents at home. Lastly, we discussed implications of the results, limitations and suggestions for future study.

• Stress
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.319-326
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• 2018

Background: This study investigated whether pre- and peri-disaster experiences influence on PostTraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and whether post-disaster stress by life changes have impact on PTSD after controlling pre- and peri-disaster factors. Methods: Data came from a sample of 1,182 respondents who experienced natural disasters (flood and typhoon) in South Korea from 2012 to 2015. The SPSS Win 22.0 program was used for descriptive analysis, t-test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation and logistic regression analysis. Results: The results indicated that 24.3% of the disaster victims were in PTSD risk group. Compared with non-PTSD, PTSD risk group showed lower interpersonal trust and satisfaction, higher depression and anxiety, and lower subjective well-being. The results of hierarchical logistc regression revealed that all pre-, peri-, and post-disaster factors increased the probability of developing PTSD, except for relocation of residence. Moreover, a primary post-disaster predictor of PTSD was economic distress after controlling for pre- and peri-disaster. Conclusions: This study tested relative contributions of post-disaster factors on PTSD.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.263-272
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional trauma and depression. Methods: From June to July, 2017, a convenience sample of 226 nursing students was recruited. Research data were collected through self-report questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: 68.1% (154) respondents experienced emotional abuse, and 48.1% (110) emotional neglect in childhood emotional trauma. The average depression score was 10.76. There were 54.4% (123), 34.5% (78), 12.8% (29), and 7.1% (16) of respondents with mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. The average interpersonal skills score was 3.59. There was a significant correlation between childhood emotional trauma (emotional abuse, emotional neglect), interpersonal skills and depression. And the moderating effect of interpersonal skills on the relationship between childhood emotional neglect and depression was significant. Conclusion: Interpersonal skills play a role as a moderating variable influencing the relationship between emotional neglect of childhood emotional trauma and depression, and also reduce the effects of childhood emotional trauma on depression. When developing a depression prevention program for nursing college students, such programs should consider strategies to reduce the negative effects of childhood emotional trauma and to improve interpersonal skills.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2022

Objective : Any traumatic event can be a risk factor, for subsequent mental disorder. However, childhood trauma, especially in interpersonal nature, is associated with later development of complex symptom patterns. This study examined the role of dissociation as a mediator between childhood trauma and symptom complexity. Methods : A pooled data of 369 psychiatric outpatients at a university-affiliated hospital was analyzed for descriptive statistics, group differences, and bivariate correlation analysis to verify a structural model. The questionnaires included the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Trauma History Screen, the Dissociative Experiences Scale-Taxon, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Abbreviated PTSD checklist. Results : When other trauma variables were controlled, childhood interpersonal trauma had significant correlation with symptom complexity (r=0.155, p=0.003). Among the paths analyzed, that of childhood interpersonal trauma and dissociation showed the greatest impact on symptom complexity (b=9.34, t=5.75, p<0.001). Based on the significance of the indirect impact, the results suggest a complete mediation impact of dissociation on symptom complexity. Conclusion : This study validated that childhood interpersonal trauma impacts symptom complexity, through the sequential mediating impact of dissociation. Thus, clinicians should understand childhood interpersonal trauma, dissociation, and symptom patterns in a complex and interacting mode, and develop effective pertinent treatment strategies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.134-145
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• 2015

It has been 1 year since Sewol Ferry disaster occurred in the Gwanmaedo sea of Jindo, Jeollanamdo, on Apr. 16, 2014. The Sewol Ferry Disaster which took 304 lives and had some victims still missed has become the largest tragic accident in Korea since 2010. Although one year has passed since the disaster, there is no psychological communication research on the trauma of the victims' families. This study first investigated the actual state of the Sewol Ferry victims' parents suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after their losses of children by the disaster. This study revealed that the victims' families suffer from physical and psychological the PTSD but neglect treatment. The PTSD still influences their daily life. It was observed that the victims' families have a lot of difficulties with interpersonal relationship, relationship with co-workers, residence, values, and other kinds of daily life. Given that the victims' families have a great deal of PTSD after the disaster, the academic circle needs to make discussions of the issue actively in order to heal the pains of the Sewol Ferry victims' families who are unattended in our society.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.147-157
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• 2019

In this study, we focused on the experience of interpersonal trauma among university students majoring in counseling psychology to understand the meaning of the trauma they experienced, and analyzed the process of their growth as counselors. To that end, we conducted a survey on interpersonal trauma and post-traumatic growth, and interviewed final six students in a face-to-face interview, and analyzed the collected data using the method of qualitative case study. As a result, the trauma and subsequent growth experience have been categorized into 38 semantic units, 15 subcategories and 5 categories, including 'Times of pain', 'A life of dealing with complex emotions alone', 'An experience of understanding and being understood', 'Attempts to change and new meanings' and 'Worries and expectations of growth as a counselor'. The results of this study are meaningful in providing basic information and educational materials needed for the intervention of students majoring in counseling psychology who have experienced trauma.