• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.95-117
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• 2021

In this study, we investigate which alternatives to choose when giving a gift, according to the giver's relationship with the receiver. In particular, we study which alternatives are preferred when the prices are approximately the same: products with high-brand status but low-model ranking or products with low-brand status but high-model ranking. Leclerc, Hsee, and Nunes(2005) conceptualized the relative preference between a low-ranking model of a high-status brand and a high racking model of a low-status brand. The category effect is the preference for lower-ranking models of high-status brands. Meanwhile, the ranking effect refers to the preference for higher-ranking models of low-ranking brands. Based on construal level theory, the current study suggests that the category and ranking effects vary depending on the giver's relationship (vertical vs. horizontal) and intimacy (distant vs. close) with the person who will receive the gift. We manipulate the relationship and intimacy of the subject receiving the gift and verify the interaction effect. Results reveal that the giver exhibited a category effect in vertical relationships in which the psychological distance was far from the relationship. However, the ranking effect was found in horizontal relationships in which the psychological distance was close. Lastly, the gift selection significantly depends on the level. Overall, this study showed that when choosing a gift, the selection of a low-ranking model of a product from a high-tier brand or a high-ranking model from a low-tier brand might vary depending on the type of relationship and the level of intimacy. In addition, our findings provided managerial implications in targeting and marketing communication strategies based on product status.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.161-172
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to characterize students' conceptions on causes of the phases of the moon. For this purpose, students were given a worksheet for argumentative writing activity where in they need to choose the right answer between five statements and provide reasonable evidences about causes of the phases of the moon. Written arguments collected were used as analysis data and TAP(Toulmin's argument pattern) including conceptual analysis of TAP elements were utilized to figure out logical structures and subordinate conceptions. The result showed that students had various alternative concepts about causes of the phases of the moon and associated with celestial. Also 70.5% of subjects had incomplete argument structures, and error types of concepts had difference according to types of alternative concepts as well as TAP. These results mean that importance of checking students' preconceptions, need of scientific argumentation, and appropriate instructional strategies considering alternative conception types and fallacy types that students had.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.3-12
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• 2020

Although the related regulations or guidelines are not specified in the defense weapon system R&D process, R&D authorities frequently encounter problems that require rational decision-making. If the rational process is not applied in the matter of alternative choice, the project could be disrupted, which can result in longer project periods or more resource provision. In particular, a variety of decision-making methods are needed for test&evaluation of missile R&D. The issue of selecting a test site is one of the representative decision-making problems. If it is needed to determine the priority of multiple sites, Delphi Method and Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP) will be applied. However, if the input of cost is to be considered, Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) is more valuable to solve the problem. This paper proposes a solution to handle quantitatively various decision-making problems that can occur in missile flight test, and shows how DEA is applied through a simulated case study of selecting a foreign test site.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to identify satisfaction levels of the arboretum which will be provided in the Multifunctional Administrative City and to estimate the economic value of using choice experiments. The attributes were "Preservation", "Education", "Recreation", "Facility", "Accessibility" and the entrance fee. The main effects model was utilized to construct hypothetical alternatives. Calibration of the conjoint choice model revealed that 'wetlands' and 'forest trails' in "Preservation" and the "Recreation", respectively, were significant variables. This result indicates that respondents are willing to pay more for these if they are provided in the arboretum. Also, 'variety seeking' tendency, age, and income level positively influenced the provision of the arboretum. Involvement in preservation of natural environment, however, had a negative influence on the establishment of the arboretum. Because this study is the first attempt to estimate the economic valuation of an urban arboretum using choice experiment, there are several suggestions for future research in terms of determining the base level and inclusion of salient attribute levels.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.94-108
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• 2004

The objective of this research is to define and explain the factors of destination chosen by travel consumers in Agricultural tourism. Their party size we, in general, smaller, and they tend to spend more time planning their trips and to book them further in advance. They also use different information sources when making travel decision. There is also a need to examine in greater depth the proposition that Agricutural Tourism are more compatiable with the principles of ecollogically sustainable tourism than Non Agricultural tourism formats.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.15-24
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• 2005

There is a large waste of time, money, and production through the infelicitous product design process in small and medium enterprises. They don't possess enough career-manpower with respect to design. Especially, the objective and scientific approach process isn't presented very well on the 'establishment concept' of the embodiment phase or 'Sketch and Rendering' of the development phase which are the most important design processes. So, this research is applied to the conception of the AHP method. It uses the basic concept of relativity to decrease risk from the calculational quantity data, and supplement the decision making phase. Generally, human beings can conclude by relative judgement which is more influenceable than absolute judgement. So we must use the relative comparison concept rather than the comparison of two items with variable sketches based on characteristics of human beings. Thus, efficiency judgement is dependent on design sketch comparisons which help the consistency progress of variable alternative plans. We can decrease risk when we chose the final design and increase efficiency of the design decision making. That is now a perfect selection of each alternative's ranking and sensitive design result but this research will provide consistency criterion on filtering and lead to variable design alternatives. The significance of this research is the efficiency method that overcomes differences of character and sensitivity on many phases of the process. Finally, this research proposes a new ideal process that where applied improves quality and evidence of propriety through comparison to existing methods result in method application research for improvement quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.275-279
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• 2005

수자원 개발에 있어 중요한 문제 중의 하나는 개발가능지의 선택과 후보지가 복수일 때 개발 우선순위를 결정하는 것이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위하여 적지분석을 실시한다. 적지분석 과정은 크게 기초 조사 및 자료수집, 예비후보지의 선정, 대안평가, 입지선정의 :t단계로 구분되는데 여기서 2-3단계인 예비후보지 선정과 대안평가 단계가 적지분석 기법이 적용되어야 할 과정이다. 기존의 의사결정 방법론들은 각 대안의 우선순위를 위해 각 항목들에 대한 가중치나 확률치를 이용한 수치적 계산에 의한 방법들이 대부분이며, 또한, 각 후보지에 대해서 동일한 항목에 대한 정보를 요구하게 되어 한 후보지이라도 정보가 없는 경우 우선순위를 위한 계산과정에서 제외하거나 결정자의 경험 등에 의한 추정 값을 사용할 수밖에 없다. 이러한 이유로 본 연구에서는 입지선정에서 대상 후보지의 인자비교를 위한 항목의 자료 유무에 관계없이 적지분석이 가능하도록 게임이론을 적용하여 수자원 개발 가능 후보지를 도출하기 위한 기본모형을 개발하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.859-862
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• 2004

유역평균강우량은 강우-유출모형을 통하여 유출량을 산정할 경우에 사용되며, 산정 방법에는 산술평균법, Thiessen 가중법, 등우선법 등이 있으나 일반적으로 Thiessen 가중법을 많이 적용하고 있다. Thiessen 가중법의 유역평균 강우량 산정방법은 각 관측소가 지배하는 면적(지배면적)을 전체면적으로 나누어 가중치(Thiessen계수)를 구한 후 여기에 각 관측소의 강우량을 곱하고 이를 합산함으로써 유역평균 강우량을 산정하는 방법이다. 본 연구에서는 면적비로 구해지는 Thiessen 계수의 대안을 찾기 위해 대상 유역으로는 영산강 1지류인 지석천 유역을 선정하였고, 단층퍼셉트론을 이용하여 동면, 청풍, 능주의 강우자료를 Input, 능주지점의 유출자료를 Output으로 상호 상관분석으로부터 한 개의 유출 사상에 대해 가장 높은 상관계수를 선택하여 Input 자료를 재구성하였다. 재구성 한 자료를 이용하여 훈련시키고 여기서 발생한 가중치를 Thiessen 계수의 대안의 값으로 추천한다.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.203-223
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• 1996

운송부문에서의 이산화탄소 배출량저감을 위한 정책대안을 통합적인 시뮬레이션 모형을 통하여 평가하였다. 분석에 이용된 시뮬레이션 모형은 일본의 국립환경연구소에 의해 개발된 AIM을 일부 수정한 AIM/KOREA이다. 분석의 결과는 다음의 3가지로 정리할 수 있다. 첫째, 기존차량에 비해 가격이 다소 비싸거나 동등한 에너지절약형 차량은 탄소세의 부과없이도 2005년에 가면 신규차량 전부를 대체할 것으로 전망된다. 둘째, 운송부문에서의 에너지 사용량은 앞으로 급격히 증가하고 이에 따라 이산화탄소의 배출량도 크게 증가할 것으로 예측된다. 그러나 이산화탄소의 배출량 감소를 목표로 하는 탄소세부과는 이산화탄소 배출저감에 기여하지 못하는 것으로 전망되었다. 반면에 승용차 10부제의 시행은 이산화탄소배출량의 급격한 증가를 크게 둔화시킬 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 제시되었다. 셋째, 에너지절약형 차량, 특히 전기자동차의 구입자에게 탄소세에 의해 확보된 재원을 이용하여 보조금을 지급하는 것이 운송부문에서 이산화탄소배출량을 줄일 수 있는 하나의 대안으로 평가되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06c
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• pp.163-165
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• 2006

요구공학의 궁극적인 목표는 이해당사들의 요구사항을 수용하고, 이를 적절히 설계 및 반영하여 프로젝트를 성공하는데 있어 그 목표를 두고 있다. 그러나 일반적으로 수렴된 요구사항들은 상호간에 충돌이 발생하거나, 합리적인 대안을 이끄는데 있어 많은 문제점을 드러낸다. 따라서, 이를 극복하기 위해 다양한 대안들이 제시되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이해당사자 상호간의 영향력을 분석(정준상관분석)하여, 중요도 평가를 위한 척도를 만들고, 이를 계층분석적 의사결정방법의 초기 단계에 적용하여 우선순위에 의거하여, 최종 대안을 선택하게 될 것이다. 이를 마지막으로는 위의 과정을 WinWin 협의 모델에 적용하고자 한다.