• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.103-108
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to assess the effects of metabolic syndrome and its components to cataract. Methods: We investigated the relation of metabolic syndrome and its components to cataract using data for 2,120 adults, aged 60 years or older, from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005, 2007. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we presented significant odds ratio (OR) increase of cataract according to the number of metabolic abnormalities ${\leq}$1, 2, 3, ${\geq}$4). We also analyzed OR by the prevalence of metabolic components, and analyzed the effects of metabolic medication intakes to cataract prevalence using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The risk of cataract development was significantly increased according to the number of metabolic abnormalities, after adjusting for age, sex, life style, and social economic status variables (p for trend < 0.0001). In metabolic components, the disturbances of blood pressure (OR(95% Confidence Interval): 1.32(1.05,1.65)) and fasting glucose (1.35(1.09,1.67)) significantly increased the prevalence of cataract after adjusting for age and sex. Among these metabolic components, the significance of fasting glucose (1.26(1.01, 1.58)) was remained after adjusting for the other variables. Medication intake of hypertensive also increased the risk of cataract (1.49(1.14,1.96)). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome and its components increased the risk of cataract, and some medication for treating hypertension was also associated with the cataract incidence.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.269-277
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• 2016

This study was attempted to investigate the possible association of osteoarthritis with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Korean adults based on the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The prevalence of MetS was significantly increased in OA group in women. To investigate the association between the components for MetS and osteoarthritis, we analyzed the mean values of 5 components of MetS, waist circumference (WC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and fasting plasma glucose in normal and OA group. In women, WC, TG, HDL, and systolic blood pressure were associated with the development of OA. Moreover, accumulation of components of MetS was significantly related to the prevalence of OA in Korean men and women. These data suggest that MetS might be a novel risk factor for OA and MetS should be taken into account in the prevention and treatment of OA for Korean adults as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.196-201
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• 2005

The aim of this study was to confirm the validity of predictive equations for the calculation of basal energy expenditure (BEE). One hundred twenty female college students were participated in this study. The resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry for 30 minutes following an 12 hour overnight fasting. Among the available equations for predict BEE, Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham methods were selected. Body composition was estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for the equation of predicted BEE. The mean of measured REE was 1257.2$\pm$147.9 kcal/day, while the predicted value by Harris-Benedict, WHO/FAO/UNU and Cunningham were 1373.3$\pm$45.4 kcal/day, 1290.0$\pm$61.7 kcal/day and 1187.6$\pm$49.2 kcal/day, respectively. The Cunningham equation was more closed to measured values than Harris-Benedict and WHO/FAO/UNU equation by the correlation coefficient. Comparing Pearson's correlation coefficients, fat-free mass (FFM), body surface area (BSA) and body weight were higher than others such as height, body mass index (BMI), fat and fat%. The FFM's correlation coefficient was the highest as 0.74. Thus, the conclusion of this study suggested that the main determinant of BEE was FFM, and we derived a prediction equation as follows: BEE=-569.86+48.27 (FFM).

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.51-52
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• 2000

생물공정의 운전에 있어서 적절한 공정변수가 부족한 경우가 많다. 이것은 멸균과정을 견딜 수 있는 신뢰성 높은 센서가 부족하기 때문이다[1]. 생물공정에 주로 사용되는 센서로서는 온도, pH, D.O., rpm, viscosoty 등이 있으나 이 센서들은 배양액의 물리적 혹은 화학적 상태를 측정할 수 있는 경우가 대부분이다[2]. 미생물의 대사활동과 관련이 있는 공정 변수로는 배출가스의 성분을 측정하여 얻을 수 있는 Oxygen uptake rate, Carbon dioxide evolution rate 및 Respiratory quotient가 있으며 현재 생물공정의 운전에 사용되고 있다[3]. 그러나 반복적인 센서의 보정과 연결관의 잦은 청소 및 보수를 필요로 하여 제한적으로 사용되고있는 실정이다. 자동화된 습식분석장치, Gas chromatograph, High Performace Liquid Chromatograph 혹은 Mass spectrophtometry 등을 온라인 샘플 처리장치와 연결하여 발효조의 배양액의 성분을 온라인으로 분석하고 공정의 운전에 응용하는 사례가 많이 발표되었다[4-6]. 고가의 장비 및 운전의 번거러움이나 추가적인 인력이 필요하므로 역시 특별한 경우에만 사용되고 있다. 이외에도 여러 종류의 온라인 센서 및 바이오 센서등이 개발되어 사용되고 있으나 역시 그 사용범위는 특수한 영역에 한정되어있다. 이와 같이 새로운 센서를 개발하여 공정변수를 측정하려는 시도중의 하나가 소프트웨어 센서의 개발이다. 이 것은 공정상에서 발생하는 1차 공정변수를 이용하여 배양액의 상태 혹은 2차적인 공정 변수를 추측해내는 것이다. 대부분의 경우 기존의 공정 변수를 사용하므로 추가적인 비용이 들지 않고 소프트웨어의 형태로 구현되므로 센서의 보정과 설치 및 유지관리의 노력이 매우 적은 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 생물공정에서 자동제어 과정에서 발생하는 여러 가지 공정상의 제어 신호로부터 새로운 공정 변수를 얻어내고자 시도하였다. 대부분의 생물공정에서는 pH의 자동제어가 필수적인데 자동제어 과정에서 발생하는 pH 제어 신호 및 pH의 변화 응답신호를 이용하여 배지의 완충용량의 변화와 알칼리의 소비속도를 온라인으로 측정할 수 있었다. 여기에 인공지능망을 설계하여 균체의 량을 온라인으로 추정하는 방법을 개발하였다 [7].산업용 발효조의 운전 온도는 주로 냉각수의 단속적인 공급에 의하여 항상 일정하게 조절된다. 따라서 냉각수의 냉각량을 측정하면 미생물의 배양시 발생하는 대사열량을 측정할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 실험실의 발효조를 냉각수의 단속적인 공급에 의하여 자동온도 조절이 되도록 개조하고 여기에 냉각수의 유출입 지점에 온도센서를 부착하여 냉각수의 온도를 측정하고 냉각수의 공급량과 대기의 온도 등을 측정하여 대사열의 발생을 추정할 수 있었다. 동시에 이를 이용하여 유가배양시 기질을 공급하는 공정변수로 사용하였다 [8]. 생물학적인 폐수처리장치인 활성 슬러지법에서 미생물의 활성을 측정하는 방법은 아직 그다지 개발되어있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 슬러지의 주 구성원이 미생물인 점에 착안하여 침전시 슬러지층과 상등액의 온도차를 측정하여 대사열량의 발생량을 측정하고 슬러지의 활성을 측정할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of donation campaigns ambassador model in non-profit organizations. To analyze the research hypothesis, the independent variables (high awareness-high expertise, high awareness-low expertise, low awareness-expertise, low awareness-low expertise) and the dependent variables (source credibility, message credibility, attitude toward the organization, and donation intention) were measured. Interaction effect was found on the source credibility, message credibility, and donation intention. The interaction effect showed that public perceived positively if the ambassador has high cognition level on the condition of low expertise. However, the attitude toward the organization according to the PR ambassador type was not significant. The study suggested that the non profit organization would better use the ambassador of high cognition rather than expertise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the association between regular physical activity (PA) types and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in fertile women. Data were obtained from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3, 2018). The sample consisted of 4,172 fertile women over 19 years of age. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test, χ2 test, and multiple logistic regression analysis for examining the association of regular PA and MetS. The prevalence of MetS in fertile women was 3.1% (n =128), and 1,972 fertile women (47.2%) practiced regular PA. Compared to the non-regular PA group, regular PA resulted in a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (p =.002), lower waist circumference (p <.001), lower fasting blood sugar (p =.007), and higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p <.001). After controlling the confounding variables, multiple logistic regression showed that the regular PA group (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.35-0.98, p =.040) and the regular muscle-strengthen PA group (odds ratio 0.34, 95% confidence interval 0.14-0.80, p =.013) were associated with a decreased risk of MetS. Therefore, regular PA, including muscle-strengthen PA should be considered to develop effective MetS intervention in fertile women.

• 월간산업보건
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• s.364
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• pp.42-46
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• 2018

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.3934-3943
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• 2015

This study was conducted to investigate the incidence rate of metabolic syndrome, and the related factors were examined. 620 persons who had participated in both initial and second survey were selected. Initial survey was performed at the year of 2006 and second survey was performed at the year of 2010. Among them, 460 persons who didn't initially have a metabolic syndrome were selected as the final study subjects. They were classified into 2 categories; stationary normal group (352, 76.5%), and metabolic syndrome incidence group (108, 23.5%). The incidence rate of metabolic syndrome for the subjects was 25.2 per 1,000 person years. Sex, obesity, and smoking had significant effect on the incidence of metabolic syndrome. In multiple logistic regression analysis,after controlling variables, obesity index was found to be major factor in the incidence of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was increased by overweight or obesity. The strategy to control body weight should be emphasized for prevention of metabolic syndrome.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.237-246
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate of the associations of Alcoholic & Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(AFLD & NAFLD) with metabolic syndrome(MS) defined by IDF criteria. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 799 adult males with alcohol consumption underwent laboratory investigation(control 297, alcoholic 206, nonalcoholic 296). The ultrasound scan of the liver was performed to determine the presence and the severity of FLD. We analyzed the association between the severity of AFLD & NAFLD and MS by logistic regression analysis. The distribution of metabolic syndrome was 7.4%, 48.8%, 34.9% in control, AFLD & NAFLD. The association of blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, obesity were risk factor in AFLD & NAFLD. According to the severity of FLD, AFLD was significantly increased with MS, Obesity, low HDL-cholesterol. MS, High triglycerides was increased significantly in NAFLD(p<0.05). The prevalence of AFLD & NAFLD was increased with increasing the number of features of metabolic syndrome. This study shows that AFLD & NAFLD was closely associated with MS and its components. The patients of AFLD & NAFLD should managed and monitored to prevent metabolic abnormalities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.99-109
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to offer evidence that supports effective prevention strategies for people with chronic lifestyle related disease and cardiovascular disease based on understanding relations between health related behaviors and risk factors of metabolic syndrome, to suggest a basic indicator that are related to office workers' chronic lifestyle related disease and to provide basic information for educating people who are diagnosed with chronic lifestyle diseas.Research methods include SPSS / Win Program ver 20.0 utilization analyzes were, variables and relationships to analyze it to F-test verification and ANOVA test conduct was, associations verify the order $x^2$(Chi-square) validation was conducted.Participants of this study are office workers who took medical examination covered by employee health insurance athealth screening centers in the city of Seoul. All 291 participants were explained about the purpose of this study and signed consent forms. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome for 291 participants is 19.2 %. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome for a non-smoker group is 12.7 %, for a group of people who used to smoke lightly is 25.0 %, for a group of people who used to smoke heavily is 25.9 %, for light smokers group is 29.7 % and heavy smoker group is 26.7 %. As results of this convergence study exhibits, there is a strong correlation between smoking and drinking habits, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome.