• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.183-188
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• 2008

Osteoporosis is one of the major health problem affecting postmenopausal women. Estrogen deficiency results in an increase in bone turnover, lead to bone resorption and an increase risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Platycodon grandiflorum A. extract (PG) in bone metabolism in ovariectomized estrogen-deficient rats. Two groups were surgically ovariectomized (OVX). The third group was sham operated. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups : sham-operated rats (Sham), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-control), ovariectomized rats supplemented with PG at 50mg/kg body wt (OVX-PG50) The Platycodon grandiflorum extracts were orally administrated at 1mL per day. The ovariectomy caused a decreasing in the levels of collagen content in bone, cartilage and skin tissues. However PG group, supplementation with Platycodon grandiflorum extract, were increased the level of collagen content in bone, cartilage and skin tissues than OVX-control group. PG group had a higher content of pyridinoline in collagen than OVX-control group. Alkaline phosphatase activity on serum were decreased after supplemented with the PG extract. These results might be expected that Platycodon grandiflorum is believed to be possible protective effects in postmenopausal bone loss.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1992

This study was conducted to determine the potential of grapefruit seed extract to support Aspergillus parasilicus growth and aflatoxin production. The grapefruit seed extract inhibited the growth and aflatoxin production of the fungi in the level of more than 4,000 ppm and 3,000 ppm in the medium, respectively. Grapefruit seed extract appears to block the conversion of acetate, averufin and versiconal acetate into aflatoxin in vitro experiments. The addition of grapefruit seed extract to the feeding experiment systems did not inhibit the incorporation of 14C-labeled versicolorin A, versicolorin A hemiacetal and sterigmatocystin into aflatoxin. In the electron microscopic examination the biocidal action of grapefruit seed extract was related to the disturbance of cell menbrane funtion, inhibiting cellular respiration.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.262-267
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• 2006

Inhibitory effects of fungal metabolites isolated from foodstuffs on growth of human cancer cell lines were evaluated. Isolated strains were divided into four classes based on color (aerial, reverse), shape, and growth speed. Fungal metabolites extracted with ethyl acetate were investigated for their growth inhibition on six kinds of human cancer cells by MTT assay. Ethyl acetate extract showed high growth inhibition against all cancer cells tested, with D4 exhibiting the strongest growth inhibition effects against Kato III, AGS, Hepa1c1c7, and MDA-MB-231 cancer cells. These results suggest ethyl acetate extract from fungal metabolites as effective natural cancer therapeutic material.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2017

Although Semisulcospira libertina is generally regarded as a supplement for the alleviation of alcohol hangover, little is known about its effects on cell metabolism. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the constituents of the extracts prepared using different extraction methods and to compare their biochemical properties. The amino acid contents were found to be much higher in acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates than hot water extracts from S. libertina. DPPH radical scavenging activities in acidic and enzymatic hydrolysates were higher than those of hot water extracts. Three types of S. libertina hydrolysate was added to HepG2 cells damaged by acetaminophen (AAP), after which the survival rate of HepG2 cell were measured. In addition, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities in the culture media were evaluated. The survival rates of HepG2 cells were $77.0{\pm}4.3%$ and $81.5{\pm}1.3%$ at 3 h and 5h enzymatic hydrolysates, respectively. These cell survival rates were higher compared to those of the negative control group ($67.8{\pm}4.3%$) treated only with acetaminophen. Cellular toxicities induced by treatment with AAP were also significantly alleviated in response to treatment with the extracts of S. libertina. In addition, the activities of 2 key enzymes that metabolize ethanol, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, were upregulated by 4.7- and 2.7-fold respectively in response to treatment with a 3 h enzymatic hydrolysate of S. libertina. Taken together, these results provide biochemical evidence of the method by which S. libertina exerts its biological functions, including the alleviation of alcohol hangover and the protection of liver cells against toxic insults.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.472-477
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• 1996

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of old antler extracts on galactosamine-induced liver injuries in rats. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain with average weight of 110$\pm$10g were fed on diets containing three kinds of old antler extracts(water extract, neutral extract and ether extract) for four weeks. Galactosamine(400mg/kg body weight) was injected intraperitoneally at the same time every week in galactosamine treatment groups. Cytochrome P-450 content was decreased in galactosamine treatment groups and increased by old antler extracts administration. Glutathione-peroxidase activity was increased in water extract group. Hepatic glutathione content was not observed significant differences by the old antler extracts administration. Lipid peroxide content was higher in the galactosamine treatment groups than that of the control group and decreased in galactosamine administerd groups after pretreatment with water extract. Total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol contents of liver were decreased in old antler extracts administerd groups and decreased in water extract group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.16-19
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• 2008

Bone mass in adults decreases with age because of the imbalance between the rate of bone formation and resorption. We performed this study to investigate whether Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. (ACAE) plays a role in osteoblasts differentiation and osteoclasts formation. Ethanol extract of ACAE showed increase in the differentiation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts. Also, it decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive multinucleated cells (OCLs) and TRAP activity. Therefore, ACAE has the potential to prevent bone-related diseases such as osteoporosis by increasing the differentiation of osteoblasts and reducing both the number and activity of osteoclasts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.999-1004
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• 2008

The effects of Bulnesia sarmienti water extract on lipid metabolism were investigated in type-2 diabetes rats. The rats were fed a basal diet and B. sarmienti water extract for 8 weeks. The rats were randomly assigned to each treatment group : normal, control, two kinds of treatment group (BW1: 0.9 mg/ml, BW2: 1.8 mg/ml). After 8 weeks of experimental diets consumption, the body weights and food efficiency ratio of B. sarmienti water extract fed groups were not different from those in the control group. The concentrations of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglyceride in blood plasma were significantly decreased in the B. sarmienti water extract groups comparison to the control group. Although blood glucose control effects were not observed, the B. sarmienti water extract feeds were highly effective in lowering the levels of blood lipid substances such as triglycerides, total-cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.364-372
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• 2015

This study investigated the effects of fermented black raspberry (BR) and red ginseng (RG) extract co-treatment on lipid metabolism and obesity in rats fed with a high fat/high cholesterol diet (HFHCD) for 12 weeks. Compared to the corresponding values in rats fed with a HFHCD, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and triglyceride levels decreased whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels increased in rats treated with fermented BR and RG extracts. These extracts significantly increased the expression of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptor, and sterol regulatory-element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) mRNA, but decreased the mRNA expression of SREBP-1. Additionally the serum levels of leptin and fatty acid synthase were decreased. Moreover, supplementation with fermented BR and RG effectively increased fecal cholesterol excretion. These results suggest that fermented BR and RG extracts might be effective at preventing hypercholesterolemia and obesity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.192-202
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• 2017

In this study, factors involved in lipid and energy metabolism following treatment with ethanolic extract of the Polygonatum sibiricum rhizome (ID1216) were evaluated in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. ID1216-treated mice showed a significant reduction in weight gain compared to non-treated mice. ID1216 treatment increased the protein levels of AMP-dependent protein kinase, sirtuin1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}$ coactivator 1-${\alpha}$ ($PGC1{\alpha}$), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\alpha}$ ($PPAR{\alpha}$) and uncoupling proteins in the adipose tissue, liver and muscle compared to vehicle treatment. Analysis of downstream signals of the sirtuin1 $PGC1{\alpha}$-$PPAR{\alpha}$ pathway showed that ID1216 regulates the expression of ${\beta}$-oxidation related genes such as acyl-CoA oxidase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase1, acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and adipocyte protein 2. In addition, ID1216 increased the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase. These results suggest that ID1216 has anti-obesity effects by regulating the genes involved thermogenesis, ${\beta}$-oxidation and lipolysis in a diet-induced obesity model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.14-21
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• 1993

N-Heterocyclic aromatics (NHA) are widely occurring environmental pollutants formed during the pyrolysis of nitrogen-containing organic chemicals. NAH are found in significant amounts in tobacco condensates, synthetic fuels, polluted river sediment, and effluents from the heating of coal. Following topical application 7H-dibenzo[c, g]carbazole (DBC) induces cancer in liver as well as skin, indicating that dermal exposure can lead to systemic effect. DBC and dibenz[a,j]acridine (DBA) are examples of NHA. The potency of many carcinogenic compounds is related, at least in part, to the efficiency of their biological activation. We undertook studies to determine which initial metabolites lead to the formation of high levels of carcinogen-DNA adducts in vivo. DBC and DBA's, DBA, trans-DBA-1,2-dihydrodiol (DBA-1,2-DHD), trans-DBA-3,4-dihydrodiol (DBA-3,4-DHD), and trans-DBA-5,6-dihydrodiol (DBA-5,6-DHD), were applied to the skin of mice. There were six adducts that were related to DBC application. These addusts were seen in the target organ, liver at high levels, but at very low levels in non-target organs, skin, lung and kidney. In skin, DBA produced two distinct adducts. The same two adducts were seen when DBA-3,4-DHD was applied. In addition the total adduct level elicited by DBA-3,4-DHD higher than that of parent compound. Two adducts were seen when DBA-5,6-DHD was applied, but these were very different from adducts seen with DBA. These results suggested that activation of DBA to DNA-binding compounds in skin includes initial formation of DBA-3,4-DHD.