• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.455-463
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• 2002

There have been few geophysical studies on the crustal structure of the continent-ocean zone around the middle eastern part of Korean peninsula, because of the lack of database in both land and ocean. The area for the study on the internal crustal structure using gravity data is bounded by the latitude of 37$^{\circ}$-38"N and longitude of 128$^{\circ}$-132$^{\circ}$E. WCA correction is applied to shipborne gravity data to integrate with gravity anomalies obtained on land. The high frequency components of the shipborne gravity data which are considered as the noise on survey track are effectively removed by means of correlating with satellite gravity data. The corrected shipborne free-air gravity anomaly is integrated with the Bouguer gravity anomaly on land under the same condition. The integrated gravity anomaly is divided into four areas for power spectrum analysis. The depths of Moho discontinuity increases gradually from inland to Ulleung basin. As the result of modeling based on power spectrum analysis, Moho discontinuity depth is about 33-35 km in the continental zone of Korea and 18-28 km at the continental margin. Such structural character is well elucidated in changing gravity data around Ulleung basin. The depths of Moho discontinuity in the southern ocean of Ulleung-island is 16--17 km, which is much lower than in the land. The result of crustal structure modeling in this study is similar to that computed by prior seismic exploration around this area.

• The Korean Journal of Petroleum Geology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2007

Gravity characteristics are investigated in the vicinity of the DASAN scientific station, located at the Svalbard Archipelago, the Arctic using ArcGP data. Boundary effects of free-air gravity anomalies, which appeared generally at the continental margin, are erased after Bouguer correction was applied. Complete Bouguer anomalies produced after terrain correction by GrOPO30 show that gravity anomalies increase from continent to marine. This phenomena seem to be related to the rise of Moho discontinuity. The cut-off frequency of 0.16 was decided after power spectrum analysis and the gravity anomalies were divided into two parts. Residual anomalies in high frequency part show that characteristics of high values along the faults and of low values related to thick sediments in the continent. Characteristic is low values from basement subsidence of continental slope or thick sediments in the marine. The undulation of Moho discontinuity from 3-D inversion modeling show typical characteristics of continental margin that become higher from Svalbard archipelago to Knipovich ridge bordering Eurasian plate.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.180-188
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• 2007

We carried on CHIME zircon age dating for the Gamaksan alkaline meta-granitoid (GAM) from the northwestern margin of the Gyeonggi massif, and obtained a timing of regional metamorphism at $247{\pm}14Ma$ (n=103, MSWD=0.92). The age is compatible with Permo-Triassic regional metamorphic ages from the Imjingang Belt which has been regarded as possible eastward extension of Triassic collisional belt in China. Considering an extensional ductile shearing of the Gyeonggi (Kyonggi) Shear Zone which deformed GAM occurred at 226 Ma with temperature condition about $500^{\circ}C$ (Kim et al., 2000), and the Late Triassic to Early Jurassic Daedong Group unconformably overlies on top of the ductile shear zone, cooling rate of GAM over the period can be estimated as $18{\sim}10^{\circ}C/Ma$. Since new zircon begin to pow at temperature higher than upper-amphibolite facies condition (${\sim}700^{\circ}C$), cooling rate of GAM from peak metamorphism (247 Ma) to deposition of the Daedong G.oup (${\sim}$Early Jurassic) would be higher than $10^{\circ}C/Ma$. Such rapid cooling rate is compatible with that reported from exhumation stage of the Dabie-Sulu Belt, and supports an idea that the Gyeonngi massif is a part of Permo-Triassic orogenic belt in East Asia.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 2011

Chon-Ashuu copper mining claim area is located, in terms of the geotectonic setting, in the northern part of the suture line which is bounded with the marginal part of Issik-kul micro-continent on the southern part of North Tien-Shan terrane. The geological blocks of Chon-Ashuu districts belong to the southern tip of Kazakhstan orocline. The rock formation of this area are composed of the continental crust or/and arc collage and the paleo-continental fragments-accretionary wedge complex of pre-Altaid orogenic materials. ASI(Alumina Saturation Index) of Paleozoic plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area belong to the peraluminous and metaluminous rocks which were generated from fractional crystallization of Island and volcanic arc crusts in syn-post collisional plate. The geology of the ChonAshuu area consists of upper Proterozoic and Paleozoic rock formations. According to Harker variation diagrams for Chon-Ashuu arenaceous sedimentary rocks, the silty sandstone of Chon-Ashuu area showing the mineralogical immaturity were derived from Island arc or the marginal environments of active continent in Cambro-Carboniferous period. Numerous intrusive rocks of Chon-Ashuu area are distributed along north east trending tectonic structures and are bounded on four sides by the conjugate pattern. The most common type of the plutonic rocks are granodiorite and monzodiorite. According to the molecular normative An-Ab-Or composition (Barker, 1979), the plutonic rocks in Chon-Ashuu area are classified into tonalite - trondhjemite - granodiorite (TTG) series which are an aggregation of rocks which is the country rock of copper mineralization, that are formed by melting of hydrous mafic crust at high pressure.

• Proceedings of the Mineralogical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2001

옥천변성대의 충주-황강리 지역내 앰피볼라이트의 기원암은 염기성 화성암으로 쏠레이아이트 계열의 변이질암에 속한다. Fe $O^{*}$/MgO값의 변화에 대하여 분별작용에 의해 영향을 받는 주성분 원소와 미량원소들의 변화를 보게되면 Ti $O_2$, Fe $O^{*}$와 불호정성 원소(incompatible element)인 Zr, Nb, Hf, Ta, Th 등은 분별작용동안 증가하는 반면 호정성 원소(compatible element)인 MgO, $Al_2$ $O_3$, Ni, Cr 등은 감소하는 경향을 보여주고 있다. Fe $O^{*}$/MgO, Ti $O_2$ 그리고 Fe $O^{*}$는 심해성 쏠레이아이트 영역으로부터 분화된 경향을 나타내 주고 있다. Ni, Cr은 Fe $O^{*}$/MgO값의 증가에 따라 급속히 감소하며 안정한 대륙과 해저화산의 영역에 도시되고 있으며 칼크-알칼리(CA)와는 관계가 없고 쏠레이아이트의 영역에서 변화 패턴을 보여주어 앰피볼라이트가 활동적인 대륙연변부의 지구조 환경보다는 안정한 대륙이나 해저화산과 관계가 더 있음을 시사한다. 경휘토류 원소(LREE)는 중휘토류 원소(HREE)에 비해 더욱 부화된 특성을 띠고 원자번호가 증가하면서 표준화된 휘토류 원소패턴의 경사가 점차 감소하는 경향을 보여주고 있다. 대부분의 시료들은 큰 Eu이상치를 갖고 있지 않아 마그마 정출 과정동안 사장석의 분별작용이 거의 수반되지 않았음을 지시하고 전체적인 휘토류 원소의 패턴은 거의 평행하게 나타나므로 기원 마그마가 유사함을 의미하고 있다. 비유동성 원소를 이용한 여러 판별도표들을 통해서 본암은 대륙성 현무암질암으로서 판내부 환경에서 유래되었으며 대륙내부 열곡의 알칼리 현무암과 대륙성 현무암 영역에 속하는 것으로 보아서 대륙지각내 열곡작용과 같은 장력운동에 수반되어 생성된 것임을 시사해 주고 있다. 앰피볼라이트의 지각혼성화를 평가하기 위해 이에 필요한 몇 개의 지화학적 매개변수를 계산한 결과 La/Ta, La/Nb, Nb/Th들의 값이 오염 안된 마그마의 값을 지시해 주어 본암이 지각혼성화 작용을 받지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 대부분의 시료들은 P-타입 MORB의 영역에 속하며 소수의 시료가 T-타입 MORB의 영역에 도시되고 있어 본 앰피볼라이트의 생성에는 양적으로 다른 두 가지의 유사한 마그마가 수반된 것으로 추정된다. 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

A Gravity characteristic of Svalbard archipelago in Arctic was studied by using ArcGP data. There are situated the Dasan science station. After bouguer correction, an edge effect of free-air anomaly, which is similar to topography, are not shown at passive continent margin, and after terrain correction with GTOPO30 data, gravity anomaly increases from continent to marine. that is deep connected with rise of Moho discontinuity. The correlation of topography and free-air anomaly shows that the isostasy of continent attains a little less than marine. After filtering, the residual anomaly are shown high and low anomalies related to fracture zone in continent and base depression or thick sedimentary layer in continental slope, marine.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.311-324
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• 2014

The Hongjeom formation of the Pyeongan Supergroup in the Munkyeong coalfield mainly consists of metapsammite and metapelites. Metampelites occur as slate preserving chloritoid+chlorite+muscovite and andalusite+biotite+chlorite+muscovite mineral assemblages. Chloritoid and andalusite occur as porphyroblast, and the matrix composed of fine-grained micas. Metamorphic P-T conditions for these mineral assemblages are $510-520^{\circ}C$ and 3.0-3.5kbar based on P-T pseudosection in $MnO-K_2O-FeO-MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-H_2O(MnKFMASH)$ system and isopleth intersections of Fe/(Fe+Mg) ratios in chloritoid and chlorite. The medium temperature and low pressure metamorphism resulted from a higher geothermal gradient ($40-45^{\circ}C/km$) condition than that of burial metamorphism. The youngest (SHRIMP U-Pb age; ca. 327-310 Ma) detrital zircon grains from the Hongjeom formation display oscillatory zoning and relatively high Th/U ratio (0.60-1.12). Based on the previous sedimentary, paleontological, and geochronological studies in the Taebaeksan basin together with results of this study, we suggest that (1) initial deposition of the Hongjeom formation was contemporaneous with a magmatic activity in the provenance, (2) the Pyeongan Supergroup was deposited in an arc-related basin at an active continental margin during the Carboniferous to Permain, and (3) magmatic activities occurred repetitively in relatively short interval in the active continental margin had continuously supplied sediments to the basin.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.267-281
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• 2009

Cretaceous intrusive and extrusive rocks are widely distributed in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, possibly the result of intensive magmatism which occurred in response to subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the northeastern part of the Eurasian plate. Geochemical and petrological study on the Cretaceous granitic rocks of the Yeosu area were carried out in order to constrain the petrogenesis of the granitic rocks and to establish the paleotectonic environment of the southwestern part of the Korean peninsula. Igneous rocks of the Yeosu area consist of diorite, hornblende biotite pite and micrographic granite. Chondrite normalized REE patterns show generally enriched in LREE ($(La/Lu)^{cN}$=4.2-13.3). Diorites show flat to slight negative Eu anomalies while micrographic granites have strong negative Eu anomalies. The ${\Sigma}REE$ of the granites are 76.2-235 ppm, which corresponds to the range of the continental margin granite. Whole rock chemical data of the granitic rocks from the Yeosu area indicate that the rocks have characteristics of calc-alkaline series in the subalkaline field. On the A/NK vs. A/CNK and tectonic discrimination diagrams, parental magma type of the granites corresponds to I-type and volcanic arc granite (VAG). Interpretations of the chemical characteristics of the granitic rocks favor their emplacement in a compressional tectonic regime at continental margin during the subduction of Pacific plate.

• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.313-331
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• 2022

Natural or native abiotic molecular hydrogen (H₂) is a major component in natural gas, however yet its importance in the global energy sector's usage as clean and renewable energy is underestimated. Here we review the occurrence and geological settings of native hydrogen to demonstrate the much widesprease H₂ occurrence in nature by comparison with previous estimations. Three main types of source rocks have been identified: (1) ultramafic rocks; (2) cratons comprising iron (Fe²⁺)-rich rocks; and (3) uranium-rich rocks. The rocks are closely associated with Precambrian crystalline basement and serpentinized ultramafic rocks from ophiolite and peridotite either at mid-ocean ridges or within continental margin(Zgonnik, 2020). Inorganic geological processes producing H₂ in the source rocks include (a) the reduction of water during the oxidation of Fe²⁺ in minerals (e.g., olivine), (b) water splitting due to radioactive decay, (c) degassing of magma at low pressure, and (d) the reaction of water with surface radicals during mechanical breaking (e.g., fault) of silicate rocks. Native hydrogen are found as a free gas (51%), fluid inclusions in various rock types (29%), and dissolved gas in underground water (20%) (Zgonnik, 2020). Although research on H₂ has not yet been carried out in Korea, the potential H₂ reservoirs in the Gyeongsang Basin are highly probable based on geological and geochemical characteristics including occurrence of ultramafic rocks, inter-bedded basaltic layers and iron-copper deposits within thick sedimentary basin and igneous activities at an active continental margin during the Permian-Paleogene. The native hydrogen is expected to be clean and renewable energy source in the near future. Therefore it is clear that the origin and exploration of the native hydrogen, not yet been revealed by an integrated studies of rock-fluid interaction studies, are a field of special interest, regardless of the presence of economic native hydrogen reservoirs in Korea.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.167-180
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• 2010

The geochemical studies on the plutonic rocks of the Geochang, the central part of the Ryongnam massif, were carried out in order to constrain the petrogenesis and the paleotectonic environment. The objects of this study are dioritic rocks, biotite granite and hornblende granite. The modal compositions indicate that the dioritic rocks are quartz diorite, quartz monzodiorite, tonalite, biotite granites are granodiorite, granite and hornblende granites are granite, quartz monzonite, quartz syenite. These rocks belong to the calc-alkaline series. Especially, trace elements such as Sr, Nb, Sr, Ti are depleted, suggesting that these rocks are produced in the subduction zone related to calc-alkaline series. Also, the studied granitic rocks correspond to peraluminous and I-type. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns show that LREE are enriched much more than HREE, and have weak Eu(-) anomaly. It is similar to pattern of Jurassic granitoids in the South Korea. Total REE value of the biotite granite and hornblende granite ranges 76.21~137.05 ppm and 73.84~483.21 ppm, respectively, also $(La/Lu)_{CN}$ value ranges 9.61~36.47 and 7.17~21.85. It is suggest that studied rocks suppor their emplacement at active continental margin. Also, these rocks are derived from magma generated by partial melting of lower continental crust materials.