• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.12
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• pp.1501-1506
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• 2018

Edible insects have recently been increasingly promoted as a source of protein. As the number of farms rearing these insect increases, it is important to develop safe and nutritious feed sources to improve their commercial quality. The aim of the current study was to determine the effect of food by-products as feed supplements for the Korean rhinoceros beetle, Allomyrina dichotoma, which has been registered as a general food ingredient in Korea. We compared the effects of waste citrus peel, soybean curd cake, soybean oil meal, and brewers' dried grain on the growth of third instar larvae of A. dichotoma. Groups of larvae were fed with fermented sawdust and nine different combinations of the above by-products and the effects on their growth were measured until pupation. The highest survival rate was with feed supplemented with 10% brewers' dried grain (66.7%, p<0.05), and these larvae were also 26% heavier (p<0.05) than the control group that received no supplementation. In the 10% brewers' dried grain group, the larval period of third instar was shortened by almost 28 days (p<0.01) compared to the control group. Of all the groups, only that which was fed the brewers' dried grain supplement showed more than a 90% pupation rate (p<0.05). Therefore, brewers' dried grain may be useful as a source of feed for A. dichotoma.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.9
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2019

Edible insects are reported to be rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, and much attention has been paid to them as a future food source. In Korea, they were massively reared and sold. In order to enhance the market value of edible insects for industrialized mass production, it is important to develop the safe and nutritious feed sources for rearing them are needed. In this study, a chlorella-free control feed (Exp1) and six experimental feeds supplemented with 0.5~2.0% liquid or powder types of chlorella were formulated. Protaetia brevitarsis and Allomyrina dichotoma, registered as food ingredients in Korea, were fed with the designed feeds and parameters of growth including larval survivorship, larval body weight, and larval period were analyzed. When chlorella added, larval survivorship was increased 2~13%(p>0.05) and 9~22%(p<0.05) in each beetle compared to the control. Interestingly, the larval period of chlorella powder-added groups was shortened by 24 days (Exp3, p<0.05) in P. brevitarsis and 19 days (Exp4, p<0.01) in A. dichotoma. Meanwhile, some parameters, crude protein, crude fiber, copper, zinc, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous, in chlorella-added groups of P. brevitarsis were also higher than the control group. Therefore, chlorella could promote the larval growth performance of these two beetles and be used as a feed additive in rearing them.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2001

Fabrea salina is an euryhaline ciliate living at salt pond. Its size is small as ca. $150{\mu}m$, and its reproductive rate is high, so that this ciliate has been expected to be a new food organism which will be able to replace rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis. However, the dietary value of F. salina on fish larvae has not yet been verified thoroughly. This research was carried out to understand the mass culture technique and dietary value of this ciliate. In this study, six kinds of phytoplankton and three kinds of grain were tested on growth of the ciliate and optimum temperature, salinity and density of food were also examined for its mass culture. Regarding food for the ciliate, Heterosigma sp. and rice showed the highest growth among the phytoplankton and the grain, respectively. In this study, 229 ciliates per mL was cultured with Heterosigma sp., and 220 ciliates per mL with rice. The optimum temperature for F. salina was $33^{\circ}C$, and salinity ranging from 35 to 95 ppt had no significant difference on its growth. The optimum food density and amount for the ciliate were $5\times10^6$ cells/mL in Heterosigma sp. and 2.8 g/L in rice, respectively. With respect to dietary value of F. salina, six-day-old larvae of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, fed on the ciliate showed the high mortality over $96\%$ within 3 days, and it was significantly higher than those fed on rotifer. Even though the mass culture of F. salina has been achieved in the study, this ciliate seems to be inadequate as a food organism for fish larvae.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 1991

In the late summer of 1990 and 1991, mass mortality occured among cage-cultured grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus in south cost of Korea. The moribund fish didn't feed and became pale or dark chestnut colour and irregularly swimmed due to the loss of equilibrium, finally the diseased fish fell down side away on the bottom or the surface of cage showing the bent of body and died. The diseased fish showed the extensive hemorrahge in brain, the swelling of spleen and bile duct as the specific syptoms of internal organs. So the gill, skin and other organs of the diseased fish were examined for the presence of pathogenic parasites and bacteria. The parasitic Trichodina sp. were detected only from the gill lamella of the diseased fish, but these parasites seemed to be not a direct causative agents that induced the gross mortality of the cultured grouper. because these parasites were also observed in normal grouper, yellowtail, red seabream and rock bream co-cultured with the diseased grouper in same or near cages. In the viral examination, although isolation of the causative agent by the use of estabilshed cell Lines, RTG-2 and CHSE-214, was not succeed, the normal grouper inoculated intramuscularly with the filtered homogenate of the organs of the diseased fish showed the same external and internal signs with the naturally infected grouper. They died within a week. By using the naturally and the artificially infected fishes, electron microscopic observation revealed numerous hexagonal or polygonal particles in the cytoplasm of liver cells. Based on the these results, we suggest that the mass mortality of the cultured grouper would be occurred by the infection of a viral agent.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.173-183
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• 2013

From July to early September 2012, there was mass mortality of fishes, particularly black rockfish, which were being raised in the floating fish cage along the coast of Gyeongsangnam-do. The amount of damage was 1,802,000 fishes and the causes were confirmed to be rapidly rising water temperature and repeated daily changes in water temperature. The water temperature in this area of the sea rose to the maximum $28.4^{\circ}C$ and the daily range of changes in water temperature was maximum $6.5^{\circ}C$. As a result of investigating biological diseases of 194 fishes in 49 fishery areas, major pathogenic organisms such as red seabream iridovirus (RSIV), Vibrio sp. and Vibrio spp. or Microcotyle sp. were detected in rockfish in some fish farms. It is considered that the major causes of the mass mortality were high water temperature accompanied by repeated daily changes in water temperature, it is considered that biological diseases influenced the increase in the perish of fishes.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.5_6
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• pp.55-58
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• 1968

본시험은 1966년 필리핀에 있는 국제수도연구소에서 벼멸구의 생태에 관한 시험을 위하여 벼멸구를 대량으로 집단접종사육하여 오딘 중 cage내 갑자기 벼멸구의 밀도가 줄고 장님노린재가 무수히 번식되고 있는 것을 관찰한 후 Hawaii에 있는 Bishop Museum, Dr. ASHLOCK 씨에이 장님노린재에 대한 동정을 의뢰함과 동시에 벼멸구에 대한 포식성을 조사한 결과 벼멸구의 포식식능력은 장님노린재를 산난된 도엽에 접종하였을 때 5일후 포식난율이 $69.1\%$인대 대하여 벼멸구 고충에 대하여서는 접종 1일 후$61.4\%$, 2일 후 $76.2\%$, 3일 후 $91.0\%$ 4일 후 $93.3\%$의 포식률로서 매우 놀라운 포식능력을 보여주었다. 이 장님노린채는 벼멸구뿐만 아니라 다른 멸구류의 밀도를 제압할 수 있기 때문에 단장조건하에서는 벼멸구류의 피해를 미연에 경감시킬 수 있는 유리한 천적이라고 생각되며, 금후 이의 실제적인 이용면에 대한 연구가 기대된다.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 2014

Korean native cattles (Han woo) are divided yellow, tiger(blinder), and black by coat color. Chikso has tiger coat color, which cultured about 1,700 heads within Korea. However there were a few researches reported about preservation and production. This study was conducted to investigated that the effect of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dosage(240 mg and 280 mg) on the embryo production, pregnancy and calf birth weights. There were no difference total embryo and transferable embryo between FSH 240 mg or 280 mg treatment, but pregnancy rate was increased 46% in embryos derived from 280 mg group than 240 mg group's 29.6%. The birth weight of Chikso calves was similar between artificial insemination(25.6 kg) and embryo transfer(24.8 kg) groups.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.167-174
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• 2009

We have recently studied the application of Information Technology to agricultural industry for competitive power. Because the big stockyards are far away from the house, we need a realtime monitering and control system to manage it efficiently. This paper presented design and implementation for a realtime monitering and controlling system that we can use to watch an movement of an electronic devices in the stockyards. Compared to other systems, we have more trust in our system by confirming an operation of devices through a realtime video streaming.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.278-288
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• 2007

Shrimp culture in Korea had been rapidly developed during 1990's and the production of farmed shrimp reached 3,268 mt from 2,605 ha in 2001. However the shrimp production decreased to 2,368 mt in 2004 because of the mass mortality due to outbreak of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). WSSV which is one of the most serious threats associated with cultured shrimp around the world has given the economic damages to shrimp culture industry every year since it was found from the shrimp ponds in the west coast of the South Korea in 1993. Various polyculture technologies of shrimp with shellfish, finfish or seaweeds have been implemented to reduce economic damages by mass mortalities of shrimp. Among them, the polyculture of shrimp with carnivorous fish can suppress or delay the viral outbreak of shrimp ponds because the fish may selectively eat the moribund shrimps infected by virus. To determine the selective predatory effect of river puffer Takifugu obscures on WSSV infected shrimp, postlarvae of Litopenaeus vannamei and Fenneropenaeus chinensis. One-year old river puffers were stocked to four earthen ponds of $1,616-1,848\;m^2$ in surface area as followings: polyculture LvP, L. vannamei ($43.4/m^2$)+puffer ($0.22/m^2$); control Lv, L. vannamei ($46.9/m^2$); polyculture FcP, F. chinensis ($30.3/m^2$)+puffer ($0.25/m^2$); control Fc, F. chinensis ($24.6/m^2$). Ponds of control Fc and polyculture FcP had mass mortalities by WSSV outbreak on the $51^{st}$ and $57^{th}$ days of culture respectively. The shrimps of polyculture LvP and control Lv were harvested on the $95^{th}\;day$. Shrimp survival rates of polyculture LvP and control Lv were 32.4% and 18.2% respectively and shrimp productivity of polyculture LvP was 69.2% higher than that of control Lv. Concentration of nutrients (TAN, $NO_2-N$, $NO_3-N$) was maintained within optimal ranges for shrimp growth although that of polyculture ponds showed at least two times higher than that of control ponds. The results suggest that polyculture of L. vannamei with river puffer is higher than monoculture in survival rate and productivity. In addition, F. chinensis should be carefully cultured because this species shows much higher susceptibility to WSSV than L. vannamei.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.91-99
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• 2010

We used a multiplex PCR primer set composed of 11 microsatellite (MS) markers and two sexing markers for gender detection. Genomic DNA extracted from hair roots of 3,510 Hanwoo were genotyped. Based on the 11MS markers, no animals had identical genotypes(TGLA227, BM2113, TGLA53, ETF10, SPS115, TGLA122, ETH3, ETH225, BM1824 and INRA23). The expected probability of identity among genotypes of random individuals (PI), the probability of identity among genotypes from random half-sibs ($PI_{half-sibs}$) and among genotypes of random individuals, and the probability of identity among genotypes from random sibs ($PI_{sibs}$) were estimated as $1.31{\times}10^{-23}$, $2.52{\times}10^{-16}$and $1.09{\times}10^{-6}$, respectively using the API-CALC program, version 1.0. We successfully completed the genotype analysis of 3,510 Hanwoo with a 3.93% genotyping failure rate. It was revealed that extracting DNA from the hair root was a time-efficient and cost-effective method to collect specimens for DNA isolation from live animals. This method also minimized stress for the animals during specimen collection. Among the hair roots from the back, belly, upper tail and lower tail, 5~13 hair roots of the lower tail led to the best genotype analysis results. Finally, we established a 96-well-format method of DNA preparation applicable for high- throughput genotype analysis.