• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.166-176
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of visual activation and quantitative analysis of regional cerebral blood flow. Visual activation was known to increase regional cerebral blood flow in the visual cortex in occipital lobe. We evaluated that change in the distribution of $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ (Hexamethyl propylene amine oxime) to reflect in regional cerebral blood flow. Materials and Methods: The six volunteers were injected with 925 MBq (mean ages: 26.75 years, n=6, 3men, 3women) underwent MRI and $^{99m}Tc-HMPAO$ SPECT during a rest state with closed eyes and visual stimulated with 8 Hz LED. We delineate the legion of interest and calculated the mean count per voxel in each of the fifteen slices to quantitative analysis. The ROI to whole brain ratio and regional index was calculated pixel to pixel subtraction visual non-activation image from visual activation image and constructed brain map using a statistical parameter map (SPM99). Results: The mean regional cerebral blood flow was increased due to visual stimulation. The increase rate of the mean regional cerebral blood flow which of the activation region in primary visual cortex of occipital lobe was $32.50{\pm}5.67%$. The significant activation sites using a statistical parameter of brain constructed a rendering image and image fusion with SPECT and MRI. Conclusion: Visual activation was revealed significant increase through quantitative analysis in visual cortex. Activation region was certified in Talairach coordinate and primary visual cortex (Ba17),visual association area (Ba18,19) of Brodmann.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2004

A simple, fast and reproducible quantitative analysis method for sugar concentration composed in oligosaccharide mixture was developed. Two glass TLC plates were prepared per sample. After dipping one plate into the copper bicinchoninate reagent and the other plate into 5% sulfuric acid solution, both plates were baked in microwave oven until sugar spots were developed or the surface temperature of TLC plate becomes 60 to 70 $^{\circ}C$. The corrective factor values [F value =(the value of total sugar concentration converted as glucose unit/the value of reducing sugar concentration converted as glucose unit)/(polymerization degree of sugar)] of different molecular weight sugars were determined. Within the concentration of 0.25∼1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$ in each sample loaded, the fructose-F (corrective factor value of fructose) was 0.45, yet for the higher concentration (2.5∼7.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$) fructose-F was 1.0. In case of glucose, in the range of 0.5∼7.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$, glucose-F was same as fructose-F, 1.0. However, as the molecular weight of sugar was increased, the F values were decreased in both maltodextrin and isomaltodextrin oligosaccharides in 0.5∼7.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$ of each sample loaded. Interestingly, F values were equal for the same molecular weight sugars, although the structures were different from each other. Using F value of each sugar, we could determine and compare the exact total sugar concentration of different molecular weight maltooligosaccharide and isomaltooligosaccharide. We also could determine if the unknown sugar was a reducing or non-reducing compound by using optimized TLC with microwave oven method.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.299-303
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• 2014

This study was to comparative analysis that different methods of extraction about total sugar content which the major functional components of edible and medicinal mushrooms. Through the phenol-sulfuric acid method was measured that Hot water extraction, acid extraction, and alkaline extraction. Drawing the standard curve to obtain the concentration of the glucose solution and the sample by applying the measured absorbance on the standard curve. Total sugar contents was measured after extraction with different solvents.(Hot water, 70% EtOH, 80% MeOH). The level of total sugar in Cordyceps militaris is highest in the hot water extraction with 658.4(${\mu}g/g$) and Coriolus versicolor in 649.7(${\mu}g/g$) and 679.0(${\mu}g/g$) was found as the highest in the acid extraction and the alkaline extraction. C. militaris and ASI 7025 showed the highest level in the hot water extraction. Finally, C. versicolor, Sparassis crispa showed that higher than the other mushrooms at the 1hr, 2hr microwave extraction. It was varied total sugar content according to the different extraction solvent and the extraction method.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.6 s.122
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• pp.355-361
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• 2004

In order to elucidate the ecophysiological characteristics of coastal plants, we collected them on salt marsh and sand dune, and analyzed inorganic ($Na^+,\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Ca^{2+}$) and organic solutes (soluble carbohydrate, glycine betaine). Chenopodiaceous plant species (Atriplex gmelini, Salicornia europaea, Salsola collina, Suaeda glauca, Suaeda japonica) showed a tendency to accumulate inorganic ions such as $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ instead of $K^+$. However, Chenopodium serotinum which lives in ruderal habitat contained more $K^+$ and less $Na^+$ than the other Chenopodiaceous plants. Most Chenopodiaceous plant species maintained very low level of soluble $Ca^{2+}$ and relatively low concentration of carbohydrates and showed high concentration of glycine betaine which is among the most effective known compatible solutes in the leaves of plant under drought and saline conditions. On the other hand, plant species which belong to Gramineae (Ishaemum anthephoroides, Phragmites communis, Zoysia sinica) and Cyperaceae (Carex kobomugi, Carex pumila) absorbed $K^+$ selectively and excluded $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$ effectively regardless of habitat conditions, and they accumulated more soluble carbohydrate as osmoticum than Chenopodiaceous plants. These results suggested that physiological characteristics such as high storage capacity for inorganic ions (especially alkali cations, chloride) and the accumulation of glycine betaine in chenopodiaceous plants and $K^+$-preponderance, an efficient regulation of ionic uptake (exclusion of $Na^+\;and\;Cl^-$) and the accumulation of soluble carbohydrate in monocotyledonous plants enable them to grow dry and saline habitats.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2011

A method was established for the simultaneous determination of sugar alcohols, erythritol, xylitol, sorbitol, inositol, mannitol, maltitiol, lactitol and isomalt by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The sugar alcohols were converted into strong ultraviolet (UV)-absorbing derivatives with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride (PNBC). HPLC was performed on Imtakt Unison US-$C_18$ column, using acetonitrile: water (77:23) as a mobile phase and UV detection (260 nm). The calibration curves for all sugar alcohols tested were linear in the 10~200 mg/L range. The average recoveries of the sugar alcohols from three confectioneries spiked at 100 ppm of eight sugar alcohol standards ranged from 81.2 to 123.1% with relative standard deviations ranging fromo 0.2 to 4.9%. The limits of detection (LODs) were $0.5{\sim}8\;{\mu}g/L$ and the limits of quantification (LOQs) were $2{\sim}17\;{\mu}g/L$. Reproducibility of 8 sugar alcohols was 0.28~1.97 %RSD. The results of the analysis of confectioneries showed that 89 samples of 130 were detected and the sugar alcohols content of samples investigated varied between 0.4 and 693.7 g/kg. A method for the simultaneous determination of eight sugar alcohols will be used as basic data for control of sugar alcohols in confectioneries, and quality control in food manufacturing.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2008

This study was performed to quantify the pleural effusion in radiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography(CT) and to evaluate and compare the usefulness of these methods. Normal saline of 10 ml/kg was infused into the pleural space until a final loading volume of 60 ml/kg body weight was reached in six Beagle dogs. The radiographic examination was performed for the detection and quantification of pleural effusion. On the ultrasonographic study, the maximum perpendicular distance was measured between the surface of the lung and the thoracic wall to evaluate pleural effusion. On the CT image, pleural effusion was evaluated as the perpendicular distance to the thoracic surface in the maximum pleural effusion volume on any transverse images with soft tissue window. Statistical analysis was performed using linear regression test. The volume of pleural effusion and measurements of radiography and ultrasonography had no statistical relationship. However, a significant correlation was identified between the volume of pleural effusion and the depth at right ($r^2=0.715$), left ($r^2=0.745$), and mean right and left depth ($r^2=0.844$) on the CT images. All of the thoracic radiographs, ultrasonography, and CT are useful in recognition of pleural effusion. In quantification of pleural effusion, the CT measurement method is superior to radiographic and ultrasonographic measurements.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.34-37
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• 2012

Purpose: To verify the optimal scan time per bed for clinical application, we evaluated the quality of $^{18}F$-FDG images with varying scan times in a phantom and 20 patients with 38 lesions using a Philips (TOF) PET/CT scanner. Materials and Methods: The PET/CT images of a NEMA IEC body phantom and 20 patients (16 males, 4 females) were acquired for 5 different scan times of 20-100 sec per bed with intervals of 20 sec. The activity ratio of hot spheres (diameter of 17 [H1], 22 [H2] and 28 [H3] mm) to the background region in the IEC body phantom was 8-to-1. The contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) and standard uptake value (SUV) based on ROIs of hot spheres and background region were calculated. The noise in each background region was estimated as the ratio of SD of counts to the mean counts in the background region. On the patient image, the injected dose of $^{18}F$-FDG was $444{\pm}74$ MBq and the SUVs in the 38 hot lesions were measured. Results: The two scan time groups (LT-60 [<60 sec] and GT-60 [${\geq}60$ sec]) were compared. In the phantom study, the coefficient of deviations (CVs, %) of CRC and SUV in LT-60 (H1: 14.2 and 7.3, H2: 11.4 and 7.8, H3: 4.9 and 3.2) were higher than GT-60 (H1: 8.9 and 2.8, H1: 8.2 and 5.0, H3: 2.0 and 1.6). In the patient study, the mean CV of CRC and SUV in LT-60 (4.0) was higher than GT-60 (1.2). Conclusion: This study showed that noise increased as the scan time decreased. High noise for the scan time <60 sec per bed yielded high variation of SUV and CRC. Therefore, considering PET/CT image quality, the scan time per bed in the TOF PET/CT scanner should be at least ${\geq}60$ sec.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.549-560
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• 2019

The effects of the coal-fired power plant emissions, as the biggest point source of air pollutants, on spatiotemporal surface air pollution over the remote area are investigated in this study, based on a set of date selection and statistical technique to consider meteorological and geographical effects in the emission-concentration (source-receptor) relationship. We here proposed the sophisticated technique of data processing to separate and quantify the effects. The data technique comprises a set of data selection and statistical analysis procedure that include data selection criteria depending on meteorological conditions and statistical methods such as Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filter (K-Z filter) and empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis. The data selection procedure is important for filtering measurement data to consider the meteorological and geographical effects on the emission-concentration relationship. Together with meteorological data from the new high resolution ECMWF reanalysis 5 (ERA5) and the Korea Meteorological Administration automated surface observing system, air pollutant emission data from the telemonitoring system (TMS) of Dangjin and Taean power plants as well as spatio-temporal air pollutant concentrations from the air quality monitoring system are used for 4 years period of 2014-2017. Since all the data used in this study have the temporal resolution of 1 hour, the first EOF mode of spatio-temporal changes in air pollutant concentrations over the Seoul metropolitan area (SMA) due to power plant emission have been analyzed to explain over 97% of total variability under favorable meteorological conditions. It is concluded that SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ concentrations over the SMA would be decreased by 0.468, 1.050 ppb, and 2.045 ㎍ m^-3 respectively if SO₂, NO₂, and TSP emissions from Dangjin power plant were reduced by 10%. In the same way, the 10% emission reduction in Taean power plant emissions would cause SO₂, NO₂, and PM₁₀ decreased by 0.284, 0.842 ppb, and 1.230 ㎍ m^-3 over the SMA respectively. Emissions from Dangjin power plant affect air pollution over the SMA in higher amount, but with lower R value, than those of Taean under the same meteorological condition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.228.1-228.1
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• 2016

기존 산업에서 많이 쓰여져오고 있는 저압 플라즈마에 비해 여러가지 장점을 지닌 대기압 플라즈마는 수년 전부터 많은 연구가 되어 왔으며 폭넓은 응용분야에 있어서 활발히 이용되고 있고, 특히 온도가 거의 상온과 비슷하다는 장점으로 대기압 저온 플라즈마는 바이오메디컬 분야에서 활발하게 응용되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대기압 저온 플라즈마 젯 장치를 사용하여 치아 표면에 불소를 도포하고 법랑질 표면의 불소 원소를 검출함으로써 플라즈마가 치아표면 불소도포에 있어서 어떠한 효과가 있는지 정량적으로 비교분석하였다. 또한 대기압 플라즈마 젯 장치의 방전개시전압과 가스유량에 따른 플라즈마젯 길이의 변화 및 OES(Optical Emission Spectroscopy) 장치를 사용하여 플라즈마에 대한 광학적 진단을 진행하였다. 치아표면에서 검출된 불소량은 플라즈마를 사용했을때가 그렇지 않을때에 비해 더 높게 관찰 되었다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 1989

저자는 정상 치열을 가지며 두개하악장애의 증상 및 병력이 없는 성인 21명을 대상으로 computerized occlusal analysis system인 T-Scan system을 이용하여 교합력에 따른 치아접촉수와 총치아접촉시간을 측정한 후 정량적인 분석을 시도하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 최대 측두근 전부 근활성도의 약 20%, 50%, 80% 수준의 교합력에서 치아접촉수의 평균은 각각 1.6개, 8.8개, 16.7개로 교합력이 증가할수록 유의하게 증가하였다. 2. 최대 측두근 전부 근활성도의 약 20%, 50%, 80% 수준의 교합력에서 치아당 치아접촉수이 평균은 대구치에서는 0.2, 1.4, 2.2 개였으며 소구치에서는 0.1, 0.5, 1.1개였고, 전치에서는 0.1, 0.2, 0.6개로 교합력이 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였다. 3. 치아접촉분포로 구분된 대칭군과 비대칭군간의 총치아접촉시간에는 유의한 차이가 없었다.