• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.488-488
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 논벼 이앙일수와 담수심의 변화가 논벼 수요량 산정에 미치는 영향을 분석해 보았다. 한국농어촌공사 관할지구인 금사, 중흥, 창평, 구성 지구를 대상으로 하여 2013년부터 2019년 기상자료를 활용하여 산정하였다. 이앙일수는 기존의 농업생산기반설계기준에서 제시한 일수 20일과 전국쌀전업농중앙연합회 소속 농업인을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사 결과를 기반으로 다양한 이앙기간을 적용하였다. 또한 담수심은 최소 0mm, 최대 100mm 범위에서 다양하게 적용해 보았다. 그 결과, 이앙기간이 길어질수록 이앙용수량이 증가하고, 궁극적으로 필지용수량과 논벼 수요량을 증가시켰다. 기존 설계기준인 20일의 이앙일수를 적용한 경우에 비해 이앙일수를 최대 51일 적용할 경우 필지용수량은 평균적으로 16.6 %, 논벼 수요량은 평균적으로 12.9 % 증가를 보였다. 이앙시기를 다르게 한 논벼 수요량과 현장의 농업용수 공급량을 비교 할 경우, 51일의 이앙기간을 적용한 논벼 수요량이 공급량과 가장 적은 차이를 나타내어, 이앙기간 51일이 실제 현장 여건을 가장 잘 반영하는 것으로 판단되었다. 담수심과 논벼 수요량과의 관계에서는 최소 담수심 증가는 수요량의 증가를 야기하였으며, 최대 담수심 증가는 수요량의 감소를 야기하였다. 통상적으로 필지에서 최소 담수심일 때 수요량이 발생하고, 최대 담수심일 때 유출량이 발생하는데, 논벼 생육기간동안 일별 담수심의 변화가 최소 담수심에 도달하여 수요량이 발생하는 일수가 최대 담수심에 도달하여 유출량이 발생하는 일수 보다 많기 때문에 발생된 결과로 사료된다. 따라서 논벼 생육기간 수요량이 크게 산정된 연도 일수록, 최소 담수심 변화가 수요량에 미치는 영향이 크게 나타났다. 결론적으로 이앙일수의 경우 농업현장을 기준으로 볼 때 기존 설계기준에서 제시하는 논벼 수요량은 실제로 소모되는 필요수량보다 작게 산정되는 것으로 파악되어 이앙일수를 현장여건에 부합되게 더 연장하여 적용하는 것이 필요하며, 담수심의 경우 기존의 설계기준보다 최소 담수심은 낮게, 최대 담수심은 높게 적용하는 것이 유효우량 산정에 적합할 것으로 사료된다. 또한 논벼 수요량 산정 결과의 신뢰도 향상을 위해 이앙시기, 담수심 조정 외에도 수로손실 및 침투인자 등에 대한 현장여건 반영도 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 1988

The effects of standing water and cultivation frequency on emergence of Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex. Hook were determined at varied seeding methods under simulated field conditions for 4 months. In soil-incorporated seeding method total emergence for 4 months was highest in saturated condition followed by 4, 2, and 8cm standing water, whereas total emergence of seeds sown at the soil surface was highest at 2cm standing water followed by 4cm, saturated soil, and 8cm standing water. Within 2 weeks the emergence was highest at 4cm and lowest at 2cm standing water with the soil-incorporated seeding, but the seeds sown at the soil surface with 2cm standing water resulted in the highest emergence. Ratio of emergence within 2 weeks over total emergence during 4 months was lowest at 2cm standing water in the soil incorporation, indication that 2cm standing water would be the critical water level for E. glabrescens. Since most of the seedling was emerged within 2 weeks just before cultivation, the emergence pattern was little affected by cultivation at each standing water level.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.405-412
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water depths on seedling stand and early growth of califonia rice varieties, S201, M202, A301, Italico livorno and Korean variety, Hwaseongbyeo, and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) The coleoptile length of rice was longer with deep water depth while for the radicle length shorten. As water depth was increased, the percentage of seedling stand were decreased slightly in rice, while sharply increased in barnyardgrass. Plant height of rice with increasing water depth were longer, whereas that of barnyardgrass reduced significantly with weaker. Tiller number of rice and barnyardgrass were significantly reduced as water depth increased. Dry matter weight and healthy score of rice seedling at 35DAS were highest in 7.5cm water depth followed saturated moisture, 15, and 22.5cm water depth, while for barnyardgrass those were especially negatively affected by deep water depth. These results showed that the seedling stand and early growth of barnyardgrass was highly suppressed by deeper water levels compared with rice. Rice cultivars which are showes growth characteristics in deeper water levels at early growth stage were Italico livorno and S201 in Japonica / Indica.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.901-910
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• 2003

The hydrologic behavior of paddy field depends largely on the irrigation and levee height management by farmers. The storage and drainage amount of paddy for storm events certainly influences the stream discharge. To understand the paddy storage effect during storm periods, a daily paddy water balance model embedding farmer's water management was developed by using 4 years (1996, 1997, 2001, 2002) field experimental data at 2 locations (Suwon and Yeoju) From the modeling, it was possible to simulate the daily ponding depth of paddy by treating paddy levee height and threshold pending depth indicating irrigation time as 10 days average parameters of the model. The storage amount(306.9 mm to 343.6 mm) showed little deviation to rainfall amount(425.1 mm to 850.8 mm).

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.2135-2139
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• 2007

현재 한국농촌공사에서는 농업용수의 효율적인 관리를 위하여 물관리자동화사업을 시행하고 약 8만ha를 대상으로 418개의 수리시설을 전동화하였다. 물관리자동화사업에서의 물관리는 공급자 위주로서 이미 결정되어진 물의 양을 시기에 따라 적절하게 공급하여 주며 이를 계측하고 제어하기 위한 시설이다. 그러나 현재 실제로 물관리가 일어나는 곳을 말단포장으로서 급수물꼬의 개폐에 따라 농업용수의 공급과 단절이 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 사실에 착안하여 본 연구에서는 급수물꼬를 논의 담수심에 따라 자동으로 개폐시키는 자동물꼬, 논의 담수심과 수로의 유황상황을 체크하여 정보전달을 수행하는 수로수위측정 및 담수심 측정장치, 상기의 논과 수로의 유황정보에 의하여 논에 물을 공급하는 태양광 전동수문, 수로의 수위증감에 따라서 수로의 수압을 일정하게 형성시켜 용수공급을 원활하게 해주며 또 기존의 제수문과는 다르게 항상 수위를 일정하게 유지하면서도 하류방향으로 물을 공급해주는 무동력 자동수문을 개발하여 시스템으로서 구성하여 설치하였다. 현재 담수심 측정 및 수로수위측정장치로부터의 정보전달은 무선으로 하며 이 정보를 기초로 하여 태양광 전동수문의 모터제어부에서 판단을 하여 수문의 개폐를 지시한다. 또한 무동력 자동수문의 경우에는 부력부가 별도로 설치되어 있어서 주수부를 통하여 수로내 수위와 같은 레벨로 물이 유입되고 이를 플로트가 감지하여 수문비 후방에 설치되어 있는 밸런스 웨이트를 제어하여 수문을 개폐한다. 본 무동력 자동수문은 수위를 유지하는 설정수심을 자유로이 변경할 수 있도록 주수부를 개량하였으며 부력부에 오물유입이 되지 않도록 스크린을 주수부의 물유입장소에 설치하였다. 현재까지 시스템의 작동상황에 대한 성능은 양호하다. 다만 향후의 문제점으로서 시스템이 설치된 지역과 설치되지 않은 지역과의 용수사용량을 비교분석하는 작업으로 본 시스템의 경제적 효과 및 효율성을 증명할 필요가 있으며 본 시스템의 실용화시 시스템 사용방안에 대해서는 대규모 평야부와 저수지 지구의 물공급특성이 다르기 때문에 이를 감안한 시스템 구성을 할필요가 있다.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 1997

This study involves field monitoring of hydrlolgic characteristics of paddy fields under common irrigation practice, statistical analysis of maximum retention storage, determination of CNs for antecedent moisture conditions. Curve numbers were estimated from observed rainfall-runoff relationship of two years data. The estimated CN for AMC-II was 78, and the CNs for AMC-I and II were 63 and 88, respectively. A water balance model was used to find the effect of ridge height changes and initial ponding depth in paddy fields on runoff. The probability distribution of initial ponding depth was also investigated. The initial ponding depth follows normal probability distribution. Initial ponding depth corresponding 10%, 50%, and 90% probability were considered to be equivalent to AMC-I, AMC-II, and AMC-III, respectively. Long-term runoff data from paddy fields were simulated by a water balance model using recorded climate data, ridge height and estimated initial ponding depth derived from probability distribution. The estimated CNs using simulated runoff were 70, 79, and 89 for CN-I, CN-II, and CN-III, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 1995

The effect of seeding depth on the growth, mesocotyl elongation and herbicidal response of rice(Oryza sativa L., Japonica type, cv. "Tongjin") and barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var orizicola Ohwi.) were studied in greenhouse experiments. Barnyardgrass growth as affected by different water depths was briefly tested. Rice and barnyardgrass were broadcast in soil into Oem, 1cm, 2cm and 3cm in seeding depth under dry direct-seeded condition. Butachlor(N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide) at dose rate of 1800g ai/ha and thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl] diethyl carbamothioate) at dose rate of 2100g and 4200g ai/ha were soil applied to them at 5 days after seeding. At 10 days after seeding, plants harvested to examine their growth as affected by seeding depth. Root length and shoot fresh weight of rice untreated was greatest in 1cm- and 3cm-seeding depth, respectively, however, mesocotyl did not elongate. While plant height of barnyardgrass grew regardless of seeding depth and water depth, but root length was greatest in 1cm-seeding depth of dry condition and reduced with increased water depth. And mesocotyl was elongated in only dry condition and its length increased with increased seeding depth. At 10 days after application thiobencarb applied pre-emergence inhibited plant height, and shoot fresh weight of rice in only 0cm-seeding depth under dry condition whereas was unaffected in above 1cm-seeding depth, similar to untreated control, and ever increased root length and root fresh weight of rice. On the other hand, shoot, root and leaf growth of barnyardgrass was, severely inhibited regardless of application rates and seeding depths. Reduction of shoot growth by treatment of herbicide was significantly greater than that of root growth. Consequently, reduction of barnyardgrass growth by treatment of thiobencarb did not be associated with seeding depth and mesocotyl elongation as affected by different seeding depth.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1986

This experiment was conducted to investigate effects of different water depths on emergence, emerged soil depth and growth of E. crus-galli in Seoul, Korea. Plant number of emergence was decreased with deepened water depth, and dry weight of plant was especially negatively affected. However, a few E. crus-galli were emerged under 24 cm water depth. Soil depth of germination was increased as water depth decreased, and a few E. crus-galli were emerged below 10 cm soil depth under - 12 ㎝ water depth. But most E. crus-galli were emerged in ca. 2 cm soil depth under water depth over 0 cm.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.1954-1958
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 관개블럭에서의 유출량을 추정할 수 있는 모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형은 관개량 자료, 기후 자료, 강우량 자료, 토양특성 자료 등을 입력받아 관개블럭의 담수심, 증발산량, 심층 침루량, 측방침윤량, 지표배수량 등을 모의하여 유출량을 추정할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 논에서의 물수지방정식을 기본으로 담수심을 추정하고, FAO 수정 Penman식을 이용하여 증발산량을 산정하며, 근역(root zone)의 토양수분을 고려하여 실제증발산량을 산정할 수 있도록 하였다. 심층 침루량(deep percoloation)은 정상상태의 흐름방정식과 Richard식을 이용하여 산정하며, 지표배수량은 광정웨어공식과 Runge Kutta법을 이용하여 추정한다. 관개블럭에서의 최종유출량은 지표배수 관개량, 지표배수량, 침윤손실량의 합으로 계산하도록 모형을 구성하였다.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.138-150
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• 1993

Experiments were carried out to understand how much do the environmental factors affect growth and tuber formation of arrowhead, Sagittaria trifolia L. The more the light transmittance decreased, the more the numbers of leaves and floral axes decreased. The dry matter weight of tops and the number and the fresh weight of formated tuber were significantly different between the light transmittance of more than 50% and that of less than 30% at the 5% level of DMRT. Plant height, number and width of leaves, and number of floral axis were affected by the Light spectra. And the degree of their effects on growth of arrowhead was different form the light spectrum. The natural light and the clear cellophane film were the most effective to increase the number and the fresh weight of formated tuber and the green spectrum was the least effective to do those. Plant height grown at 0-5cm water depth was shorter than that at 10-20cm water depth. The deeper the water depth was, the lower the leaves number was. The fresh weight and the number of arrowhead tuber were most produced at 0cm water depth and theose were least at 20cm water depth. The shoot growth and the tuber formation of arrowhead was much increased with increase of the application rate of fertilizer. The difference of the transplanted tuber size was not affected at the shoot growth, but tuber formation of arrowhead was increased with increase of the transplanted tuber size. From viewing the effect of temperature after rice heading, the shoot growth and the tuber formation at $35^{\circ}C$ were also higher than those at $25^{\circ}C$.