• Title/Summary/Keyword: 단체분리도

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Analysis of Foodborne Pathogens in Food and Environmental Samples from Foodservice Establishments at Schools in Gyeonggi Province (경기지역 학교 단체급식소 식품 및 환경 중 식중독균 분석)

  • Oh, Tae Young;Baek, Seung-Youb;Koo, Minseon;Lee, Jong-Kyung;Kim, Seung Min;Park, Kyung-Min;Hwang, Daekeun;Kim, Hyun Jung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.12
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    • pp.1895-1904
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    • 2015
  • Foodborne illness associated with food service establishments is an important food safety issue in Korea. In this study, foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens, Escherichia coli, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus) and hygiene indicator organisms [total viable cell counts (TVC), coliforms] were analyzed for food and environmental samples from foodservice establishments at schools in Gyeonggi province. Virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance of detected foodborne pathogens were also characterized. A total of 179 samples, including food (n=66), utensil (n=68), and environmental samples (n=45), were collected from eight food service establishments at schools in Gyeonggi province. Average contamination levels of TVC for foods (including raw materials) and environmental samples were 4.7 and 4.0 log CFU/g, respectively. Average contamination levels of coliforms were 2.7 and 4.0 log CFU/g for foods and environmental swab samples, respectively. B. cereus contamination was detected in food samples with an average of 2.1 log CFU/g. E. coli was detected only in raw materials, and S. aureus was positive in raw materials as well as environmental swab samples. Other foodborne pathogens were not detected in all samples. The entire B. cereus isolates possessed at least one of the diarrheal toxin genes (hblACD, nheABC, entFM, and cytK enterotoxin gene). However, ces gene encoding emetic toxin was not detected in B. cereus isolates. S. aureus isolates (n=16) contained at least one or more of the tested enterotoxin genes, except for tst gene. For E. coli and S. aureus, 92.7% and 37.5% of the isolates were susceptible against 16 and 19 antimicrobials, respectively. The analyzed microbial hazards could provide useful information for quantitative microbial risk assessment and food safety management system to control foodborne illness outbreaks in food service establishments.

Experimental Investigation of Macroscopic Analysis of Traffic Safety Using Meta Analysis Focused on Busan Metropolitan City (메타분석을 이용한 교통안전성의 거시적 분석에 대한 실험적 고찰 : 부산광역시를 중심으로)

  • Park, Jongseo;Oh, Yun Pyo;Kim, Hoe Kyoung;Ahn, Woosung
    • KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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    • v.35 no.6
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    • pp.1339-1345
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    • 2015
  • Korean government annually estimates and reports the traffic safety index to evaluate the traffic safety of 228 Gu Gun. However, since the traffic safety index is derived from the spatially macroscopic perspective based on collected relative data, there are a couple of problems such as inability to investigate the individual traffic accidents on the spot, insecurity of accuracy and reliability of traffic safety index estimation method, and absence of establishing temporal relationship of traffic accidents. Thus, this study investigated temporal traffic safety in macroscopic manner for Gu Gun in Busan depending on the installation of the traffic safety facility (i.e., urban median), employing meta analysis. As a result, all Gu Gun in Busan except Saha, Buk, Dong, and Busanjin experienced more traffic accidents after installing the urban median, indicating that there are more rooms for improvement of macroscopic traffic safety evaluation.

협회소식

  • Korea Mechanical Construction Contractors Association
    • 월간 기계설비
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    • no.6 s.191
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    • pp.16-27
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    • 2006
  • 본회(4개 단체와 공동 연명, 국민연금∙건강보험제도 및 임금지급조서 제출제도 개선에 대한 탄원서 제출,국민연금ㆍ건강보험제도및 임금지급조서제출 제도개선탄원서)/ 자동제어협의회(제11차 자동제어설비공사협의회 및 자동제어전문분야 등록업체 간담회 개최, 최동호 상임부회장 취임)/서울특별시회(대표회원 조찬간담회 개최, 지방계약법 해설 강습회 개최, 2006년도 제1차 시공품질 현장점검 실시)/ 부산시회(2006 설비기술 세미나 개최)/ 울산∙경남도회(일용근로자 소득자료 신고 및 4대 보험 관련 간담회 개최)/ 충북도회(가스시설시공업 1종 회원사 간담회 개최)/ 강원도회(저소득층 자녀 학교 급식비 지원금 전달 및 기계설비 분리발주 건의, 제4회 회원 친목 단합대회 개최)

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5G 망에서의 Network Slicing 요구사항 및 제공 구조

  • Kim, Sang-Hun
    • Information and Communications Magazine
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2016
  • 본고에서는 5G 망에서의 서비스 요구사항을 만족하기 위한 구조로서 Network Slicing 구조를 제안하고 세부 적용방안을 기술한다. 이를 위해 5G 서비스를 우선 정의하고 그에 따른 서비스 요구사항을 도출한 후, 이러한 요구사항과 관련해 현재 망의 문제점에 대해 기술하고 망 개선을 위한 기술 요구사항을 정립한다. 특히, 5G에서의 중요성이 높아질 것으로 전망되고 있는 'Network Slicing'의 필요성 및 개념에 대해 서술한다. Network Slicing에 대한 제조사들의 솔루션 동향, 3GPP 등 단체의 표준화 동향, APN 방식의 P-LTE/DECOR/RAN Slicing 등 관련 기술의 발전 동향을 포함한 5G Network Slicing 주요 기술 동향에 대해서 알아본다. 또한, Slice의 관리 및 BSS/OSS등과의 연계를 위한 통신사업자 입장에서의 플랫폼 요구사항을 정리한다. 5G Network Slicing을 충족하기 위한 주요 기술로 C/U plane 분리구조, 범용 서버를 활용한 NFV/SDN, Edge 기반의 분산된 수평적 네트워크, 데이터 오프로딩 및 지연시간 절감을 위한 Edge Computing 등을 들 수 있고 효율적인 자원 관리를 위한 Orchestration 등에 대해서도 알아본다. 이를 기반으로 하여 사업자 입장에서 5G Core Network 기술을 선도함은 물론이고 향후, 조기 상용화를 위한 진화 방향을 제시하고자 한다.

Homepage ASP Service Model based on the Web Accessibility (웹 접근성 준수 홈페이지 ASP 서비스 모델)

  • Tak, Jin-Hyun;Kang, Kwang-Sik;Lee, Se-Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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    • 2011.06a
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    • pp.39-41
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    • 2011
  • 웹 접근성이란 '어떠한 사용자(장애인, 노인 등)'가 어떠한 기술 환경에서도 사용자가 전문적인 능력 없이 웹 사이트에서 제공하는 모든 정보에 접근할 수 있도록 보장하는 것이다. 그러나 홈페이지 구축 비용 등의 문제로 장애인 관련 단체나 학교 등 가장 필요한 사이트 조차 접근성을 준수하고 있지 못하다. 따라서, 저비용으로 쉽게 웹 접근성 준수 학교 홈페이지를 구축할 수 있는 ASP(Application Service Provider) 서비스 모델을 제안한다. 제안된 서비스는 HTML/XHTML 표준에 맞게 올바른 마크업 언어를 사용하고, CSS를 통해 구조와 표현을 완전 분리하여 개발하여 웹 접근성의 기본이 되는 웹 표준을 준수하였으며, 표준 지원 브라우저들과 모바일 웹 환경의 종류와 특성을 이해하고 이를 바탕으로 브라우저 간 상호 운용성을 보장하기 위해 자바 스크립트를 표준 문법과 구조에 맞게 사용하고, W3C의 표준 DOM을 이용하여 홈페이지에 필요한 기능들을 설계하였다.

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A Study on the Recovery of a Metalic Fe-particle from the Steelmaking E.A.F. Slag by the Magnetic Separation (전기로 제강 슬래그에서 자력선별에 의한 지금의 회수)

  • 현종영;김형석;신강호;조동성
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 1997
  • The EA.F. sleelmaking slag (slag that follow) of a cnmvany 1 Co.. containzd a simple substance of a metal, wustlte (FeO), magnetite (Fe,O,), gehlenite (CaAl,SiO,), monlicellite (CaMgSiO,), dc. To recovere a metal (Fe grade . t95%) in the slag, it is desirable that the particles of a metal are isolated from thc slag and madc for a liberated subslance. Then, the liberaled melal is easlly recoveled by a magnetic separation. If thc rcclarnalcd slag, the sizc of which ranges under 40 nun, have a mulli-stage crushing, the most of a metal in thc slag is simply isolaled as a liberated subslance. If the mad, lhat is a liberated subslance and a sphere, is recovered by a magnetic field intensity. the minimum intensity, at which a metal is attracted, is approximately IOOG and did no1 dcpcnd on the particle size of a metad in the same particles. TIe recovered material. that contdined a iron (Fe) over 95% is a metal which is crushed slag by l00G in the multi-stage. If the magnetic field intcns~ty increase, the recovery mcrcasc, but the concentration grade decrease Bewusc thc concentration eams more and more impurities, iron oxide and the coml~ound of alkali earth element. 'll~ercforc If the rccla~nated slag have the multi-stage crushing, the metal is almostly recovered in the crushed slag by lO0G on each particles. If the slag, used as a rcclamatian lhat is a amount of 350,000 tan from I Co., was undcr the multistage crushing and then separaled by 100gauss, it is possible to recova a metal approximately 2.500 Ion, lhat is 0.73% of n ~eclamated slag. in 304.7 mm particles and to recover 4.200 tan in 0.3-1.7 mm particles , that is 1.2% nf a rcclamated slag, in a year. Therefore, ihe told recoverable meld is 6,700 ton, that is 19% of a reclmated slag, in a year, too.

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Simulation of Particle Behaviors within a Multi-stage Impact Crusher using Discrete Element Method (이산요소법을 이용한 다단 임팩트 파쇄기 내 입자 거동 모사)

  • Yu, Myoungyuol;Lee, Hoon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.86-92
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    • 2018
  • The amount of construction waste generated is steadily increasing every year, and the Law for Promotion of Recycling is enacted. However, it is difficult to use it as a recycled aggregate for concrete, which is presented in the quality standard of recycled aggregate with high water uptake and low density due to low separation of aggregate between concrete and cement paste. Therefore, in this study, a multi-stage impact crusher was used to remove mortar, which is essential for improving the quality of recycled aggregate. In analyzing the characteristics of the equipment, the spectrum of energy generated in each part between the particle and the equipment was calculated by using DEM. In order to generate an effective separation phenomenon, it was confirmed that the operation condition of 900 RPM was appropriate based on the ratio of the number of collisions (L/H) of the low energy group (L) to the number of collisions of the high energy group (H).

Mineralogical Characteristics and Fundamental Study of Flotation for Molybdenum Ore (몰리브덴광의 광물학적 특성 및 부선 기초연구)

  • Oyunbileg Purev;Hyun Soo Kim;Chul-Hyun Park
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.31 no.6
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    • pp.73-80
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    • 2022
  • This study investigated the mineralogical characteristics and basic flotation properties of domestic molybdenum ores. The source mineral of molybdenum was identified as molybdenite, and the main gangue minerals in the raw ore were silicate minerals. Copper, lead, and zinc were also found in trace amounts. Based on the results of basic flotation properties, molybdenite's zeta potential showed negative charges in all pH ranges. The contact angle of molybdenite increased with pH, reaching a maximum of 74° at pH 9. In optimal conditions, the grade and recovery of the concentrate by unit flotation were MoS2 82.4% and 92.04%, respectively. Further investigation of the impurities in the concentrate revealed a sulfide mineral with surface characteristics similar to molybdenite and silicate minerals combined with molybdenite, which may degrade the quality of the concentrate. To improve the concentrate quality, we intend to control silicate minerals through regrinding and liberation and use column flotation to improve fine particle separation efficiency.

Evaluation of Basic Beneficiation Characteristics for Optimizing Molybdenum Ore Flotation Process (몰리브덴광 부유선별 공정 최적화를 위한 기초 선광 특성 평가)

  • Seongsoo Han;Joobeom Seo
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2024
  • Molybdenum is used in various industries because of its high heat and corrosion resistance. It was selected as a critical mineral in Korea. However, there have been recent challenges in production because of the increased depth and decreased grade of molybdenum veins. Consequently, it is necessary to enhance the effectiveness of the molybdenum beneficiation process. In this study, a basic evaluation of beneficiation characteristics was conducted to enhance the effectiveness of the domestic molybdenum ore beneficiation process. The properties of the beneficiation process were assessed using mineralogical analysis, work index, and flotation kinetics. The results revealed that the allowable particle size of the molybdenum ore for liberation was ~100 ㎛. In addition, the work index was calculated to be 14.57 kWh/t. The operating conditions in the flotation units were achieved by determining the optimal flotation time for each process based on flotation kinetics. Finally, the characteristics of molybdenum ore beneficiation provided in this study can be utilized to diagnose the grinding and flotation processes of large-scale molybdenum beneficiation plants.

Effects of Entrepreneurship Education Based on Relative Policies Link (창업교육연계의 효과측정모형 및 정책제안)

  • Seol, Byung-Moon
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2012
  • This paper integrates elements from the theory of agency, the entrepreneurship education, the start-up policies. Entrepreneurship education is demanded to enhance success of business candidate for business establishment and to increase start-up survival. Three researches are made by this study. First of all, Educational performance is measured and it explains why linked policies is needed. To explain linked performance, this paper introduces several hypothesis. These are about a rate of start-up failure caused by agency problem and a rate of education effect decreasing agency problem. Secondly, operation performance of it can be increased by linking among policies and should be for the original goals of start-up policies. Finally, several ideas including start-up certification is proposed. Start-up certification has role of contact point of different entrepreneurship policies. As a result, level of satisfaction of policies will increase and specially of education program by linked effects.

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