• Clean Technology
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2023

In general, the presence of non-selective intercrystalline (grain boundary) defects in polycrystalline metal-organic framework (MOF) or zeolite membranes, which are known to be ca. 1 nm in size, causes lower membrane performance (selectivity) than the intrinsically expected. In this study we show that applying a thin polymeric coating of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on a polycrystalline MOF membrane is effective to cap the non-selective intercrystalline defects and therefore improve membrane performance. To demonstrate the concept, first, polycrystalline UiO-66, one of Zr-based MOFs, membranes were prepared by an in-situ solvothermal growth. By controlling membrane growth condition with respect to growth temperature, we were able to obtain polycrystalline UiO-66 membranes at 150 ℃ with intercrystalline defects of which the quantity is not significant, so it can be plugged by the suggested PDMS deposition. Second, their performances were compared before and after the PDMS deposition. As expected, the PDMS deposition ended up with a noticeable increase in CO₂/N₂ ideal selectivity from 6 to 14, indicating successful intercrystalline defect plugging. However, the enhancement in CO₂/N₂ selectivity was accompanied by a significant reduction in CO₂ permeance from 5700 to 33 GPU because the PDMS deposition not only plugs defects but also forms a continuous coating on membrane surface, adding an additional transport resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2013.02a
• /
• pp.335-335
• /
• 2013

최근 다기능 소재의 개발이 필요함에 따라 서로 상반되는 2가지 이상의 물성을 동시에 구현할 수 있는 소재의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 4 성분계 물질을 단일 타겟으로 제조함으로써 다수의 타겟을 이용하는 기존 PVD 방법의 복잡성과 재형성 등의 문제점을 해결하고 다기능성을 구현할 수 있는 코팅막을 제조할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 제조된 4 성분계 모물질을 UBM 최근 다기능 소재의 개발이 필요함에 따라 서로 상반되는 2가지 이상의 물성을 동시에 구현할 수 있는 소재의 개발이 요구되고 있다. 4 성분계 물질을 단일 타겟으로 제조함으로써 다수의 타겟을 이용하는 기존 PVD 방법의 복잡성과 재형성 등의 문제점을 해결하고 다기능성을 구현 할 수 있는 코팅막을 제조할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 제조된 4 성분계 모물질을 UBM 스퍼터링법을 이용하여 질화 공정을 도출하였고 질소 함량에 따른 물리적 특성 및 박막의 특성에 대해 연구하였다. BMG (Bulk Metallic Glass) 타겟을 이용하여 마그네트론 스퍼터링법으로 박막을 코팅하였다. 시편은 Si wafer, SUS 그리고 부식 특성 평가를 실시하기 위하여 냉연강판을 사용하였다. 시편은 아세톤, 알코올로 각각 10분간 초음파 세척한 후 진공장비에 장착하여 Ar 분위기에서 글로우 방전으로 청정을 30분간 실시하였다. 시편청정이 끝나면 ~$10^{-6}$ Torr까지 진공 배기를 실시하고 Ar 가스를 주입하여 2.5 mTorr로 진공도를 유지하여 스퍼터링으로 박막 코팅을 실시하였다. 스퍼터링 파워는 약 0.6 kW (2.0 A)으로 고정하였고 질소 유량은 0~10 SCCM으로 변화시켜 BMG 박막을 코팅하였다. 질소가 첨가된 BMG 박막에서는 시편의 색상이 노란빛으로 나타났으며 이것은 타겟의 조성 중 가장 많이 함유되어있는 Zr이 질화되어 색상의 변화가 일어난 것으로 판단된다. BMG 코팅을 위해서 진공용기로 주입한 질소의 유량이 소량인 경우에도 BMG 코팅층에 비교적 많은 양의 질소가 존재하였고 일정량 이상에서는 BMG 코팅층에 존재하는 질소의 양이 포화되는 현상을 보였다. 질소 유량 3, 4 SCCM의 BMG 코팅층에서 ZrN (111), ZrN (200) Peak이 관찰되었다. BMG 코팅층의 경도 측정결과 Bias 50 V 인가 시 ~22 Gpa로 경도가 가장 높았다. BMG 코팅층의 내부식 특성을 평가하기 위해 염수분무 시험을 실시하였고 ~$10{\mu}m$의 두께를 갖는 BMG 코팅층에서 염수분무 시작 후 48시간 만에 적청이 발생하였다.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.381-386
• /
• 1994

Evidence is presented for the isolation and characterization of Anaplasma avis in both indigenous (Korean) and exotic goats imported from Australia. These studies were carried out in response to epidemic scenario whereby farmers reported noticing what was described as a mysterious disease characterized by anemia, anorexia, general malaise and a significant morbidity and mortality rate in both types of goat breeds. The syndrome consistent with caprine anaplasmosis was associated with an intraerythrocytic agent occuring in single initial bodies characteristically surrounded by a single-layered membrane whereas the marginal body was typically surrounded by a double-layered membrane. The identity of the etiologic agent was confirmed as Anaplasma avis by light and ultrastructural microscopy.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.158-166
• /
• 2014

In this research, microporous and bicontinuous poly vinylidene fluoride(PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and stretching method. The mechanism of the membrane preparation is based on liquid-liquid phase separation. The final membranes have characteristic structures which have both bicontinuous and fibrillar morphology by applying the stretching method. They showed quite different structure when compared with the spherulitic or nodular structure from S/L TIPS and bicontinuous structure from L/L TIPS. At first, PVDF hollow fiber precursors were prepared via TIPS method using various kind of diluent mixtures. We used gamma-butyrolacton, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as diluents. We could make hollow fiber membranes which had porous outer surface or dense outer surface by controling the parameters such as cooling conditions, PVDF concentration and the ratio of diluent mixtures. Finally, these hollow fiber were stretched at room temperature and diluents were extracted by ethanol. Effects of the stretching ratio on the membrane morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its effects on water flux, porosity, pore size, roughness and tensile strength were examined.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.245-250
• /
• 2013

In this study, the pervaporation separation characteristics were investigated for the iso-propyl alcohol (IPA)-water system using PDMS dense membranes. The ratio, 9:1 and 10:1, of the basic material based on RTV-655 and crosslinking agent were used to prepare dense membranes at the reaction temperatures, 40, 60, and $80^{\circ}C$. And these resulting membranes were characterized by pervaporation technique in terms of permeabilities and separation factors for the feed composition of IPA 85 wt% at the operating temperatures, 25, 35, 45, and $55^{\circ}C$. Typical results of permeabilities $148g/m^2{\cdot}hr$ at $55^{\circ}C$ for 9:1 membrane and the selectivity 17 at $55^{\circ}C$ for 10:1 membrane were obtained, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 1999

Membrane separation process is considered as an alternative of conventional water purification system using coagulationㆍsedimentation＋sand filtration. In this study, it was examined that the application possibility of Hollowfiber Microfiltration membrane for water purification process. A $20m^3/day$ scale pilot plant was used for studying the possibility of long-term operation and the stability of water quality under the optimum conditions, 0.03m/h permeate flux, filtration for 10 minutes, pause for 2 minutes(including air-scrubbing for 30 seconds), obtained by lab-scale experiment. As a result, it was proved stability of pilot plant over one year and filtrate quality(Turbidity. SS etc). Therefore, it was proved that membrane separation process using Hollowfiber Microfiltration membrane can be applied for water purification system

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2018

Separating a mixture having an azeotrope or low relative volatility with single distillation column is difficult. Separating water-acetic acid mixture and water-ethanol mixture with a distillation column consumes a lot of energy. Pervaporation membrane can be used to separate the mixture in the concentration region where separation is difficult with distillation. We simulated a distillation-membrane hybrid process where membrane is located on the head of the distillation column for efficient separation of water-acetic acid and water-ethanol mixture. Permeability data were obtained from experiments and literature. We formulated an optimization problem for the process with total annual cost (TAC) as an objective function and major design variables as optimization variables. Major optimization variable affecting TAC of the hybrid process was shown to be distillate concentration. We also suggested a simplified optimization procedure to get a close-to-optimal solution.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.59-65
• /
• 2019

The EMI shielding effectiveness of the shielding layer thickness was analyzed when the metal shielding layer was placed in the near field of the magnetic probe and the noise source. Microstrip lines were used as noise source, and graphite and ferrite were selected as metal shielding materials. The magnetic probe uses the electromagnetic radiation measurement method using the magnetic probe by applying the IEC 61967-6 method. The transmission coefficient between the microstrip line and the magnetic probe was analyzed. The distance between the two was 1 mm for a single shielding layer and 5 mm for a multiple shielding layer. The thickness of the shielding layer was changed to 5 um, 10 um, 30 um, and 50 um. When the frequency was changed from 150 kHz to 1 GHz, a maximum shielding effectiveness (SE) of 44.9 dB was obtained.

• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.105-112
• /
• 2018

In this study, PTMSP-GO composite membranes were prepared by the addition of GO (graphene oxide) into PTMSP [poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne)] having high gas permeability, to study of gaseous membrane using GO. Gas permeation properties for $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$ were investigated by increasing the amount of GO in the PTMSP. PTMSP-GO composite membranes had higher gas permeability in the order of $N_2$ < $CH_4$ < $CO_2$. The gas permeation tendency of $N_2$, $CH_4$, and $CO_2$ increased as the content of GO increased from 0 to 10 wt%, but the gas permeability decreased as increased from 10 to 30 wt%. In the range of low GO contents, the gas permeability decreased due to the decrease of diffusivity because GO acts as a barrier in the composite membrane, and the gas permeability increased due to the void at the interface above the content range. And $CO_2$ has an affinity with -COOH of GO, the selectivity ($CO_2/N_2$) and the selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) gradually increase with increasing GO content. And the selectivity($CO_2/N_2$) showed the highest selectivity at 10.6 for PTMSP-GO 10 wt% and the selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) showed the highest selectivity at 3.4 for PTMSP-GO 20 wt%. However, above a certain amount of GO, selectivity ($CO_2/N_2$) and selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) decreased because the coagulation phenomenon between GO was increased and the solubility effect of $CO_2$ decreased. The PTMSP-GO 20 wt% composite membrane exhibited enhanced gas permeation characteristics with increased $CO_2$ permeability and selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) over PTMSP membrane.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.28-34
• /
• 2011

In previous reports, we investigated a selective assembly method of fabricating single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on a silicon-dioxide ($SiO_2$) surface by using only a photolithographic process. In this paper, we have fabricated field effect transistors (FETs) with SWCNT channels by using the technique mentioned above. Also, we have electrically measured gating effects of these FETs under different source-drain voltages ($V_{SD}$). These FETs have been fabricated for sensor applications. Photoresist (PR) patterns have been made on a $SiO_2$-grown silicon (Si) substrate by using a photolithographic process. This PR-patterned substrate have been dipped into a SWCNT solution dispersed in dichlorobenzene (DCB). These PR patterns have been removed by using aceton. As a result, a selectively-assembled SWCNT channels in FET arrays have been obtained between source and drain electrodes. Finally, we have successfully fabricated 4 FET arrays based on SWCNT-channels by using our simple self-assembly technique.