• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of poly-L-guluronic alginate (PGA) gel in vascular embolization with angiography simulation. Materials and Methods : To prepare a gel-forming PGA from no guluronate-rich Laminaria japonica, a new acid hydrolysis method was employed with a lower HCL concentration (0.03 M) and a shorter treatment time (5 min). The obtained PGAs were selected based on gel stability and viscosity. Glass aneurysm model was used to simulate gel embolization in vitro. Then, finally, the PGA was used to embolize the renal vascular system by using a rabbit model and angiography. Results : Glass aneurysm model was made to simulate gel embolization procedure. PGA solution was injected from pump through 2-way catheter. Subsequent injection of $CaCl_2$ successfully formed gels inside aneurysm model that conforming to its inner contour. In rabbit model, first, renal artery and aorta leading to the right kidney were ligated to block blood flow, then conventional contrast agent was injected through aorta to check the arterial patency to the left kidney. In sequential artery injection method, PGA and $CaCl_2$ were injected through renal artery sequentially via a single catheter. Re-injection of contrast agent after removing ligated aorta showed blood flow to the right kidney but no flow in the left kidney. This result demonstrated a complete blocking of blood flow due to gel formation in vascular bed of the left kidney. Conclusion : Instillation of calcium alginate into aneurysm model and arterial system in vivo produced an embolization that better fills and conforms to the contour of aneurysms or blocking vascular bed completely. Therefore, PGA was effective endovascular occlusion materials and provide an efficiency of vascular angiography.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.2 s.85
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• pp.163-172
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• 1998

Thirty six strains of Pleurotus spp., from world-wide nations, were examined for interspecific isozyme variation. A comparison of isozymes in mycelial extracts of the fungal genus Pleurotus was made by polyacrylamide gel isoelectric focusing. A total of one hundred and sixty six bands was resolved from six isozymes. A cluster analysis was done based on the zymograms for esterase, glucosephosphate isomerase, leucine aminopeptidase, malate dehydrogenase, peroxidase, and phosphoglucomutase. From the isozyme analysis, esterase showed higher degree of variability, while it was observed less variability for the enzymes such as glucosephosphate isomerase, malate dehydrogenase, and phosphoglucomutase. The species P. ostreatus, whose taxon is controversial, was discriminated from P. pulmonarius, while P. florida was classified as a distinct taxon. The clustering of P. sapidus and P. spodoleucus strains appeared to be more difficult. It was found that some strains were included to another cluster based on electrophoretic banding patterns. These results show that this lack of congruence among data sets may help explain the taxonomic difficulty within the genus Pleurotus. A dendrogram of genetic similarities was presented, and applications of isozyme data to the systematics of these commercially important fungi was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.240-251
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• 1992

To find antitumor components from higher fungi, the cultured mycelia of Paxillus atrotomentosus were extracted with hot water. The water soluble fraction was purified and separated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sepharose CL-4B gel filtration method. The separated fractions(Fr.) were designated CR A, B, C and D. Fr. A showed the highest inhibition ratio of 68.51% among the five tractions at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day. When Fr. A was examined for immunopotentiation activity, it increased the amount of the superoxide anion from activated macrophages to 1.1 fold and the number of plaques in hemolytic plaque assay to 2.3 fold, respectively. Otherwise, it did not show direct cytotoxity in sarcoma 180. Delayed type hypersensitiyity reaction showed that the decreased footpad swelling of tumor-hearing was restored to the normal. These results indicate that antitumor activity was exerted through immunopotentiation. Its chemical analysis showed 86.36% polysaccharide, 1.52% protein and 1.64% hexosamine. The polysaccharide consisted of fucose, galactose, glucose, mannose and xylose. This component was named paxillan.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.684-691
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• 2008

Many operations have been carried out using the fluoride ion to prevent and reverse dental caries. It certainly encourages remineralization and also prevents dental caries. However, the remineralization developed by these means is superficial only leaving lower levels of demineralized lesion with a degree of porosity and incomplete mineralization. We must consider its toxic effects when it is ingested for overdose. The CPP-ACP paste is able to remineralize the incipient lesion and has no harmful effects when it is ingested, because it was made form casein which is from the protein of milk. The purpose of this article is to compare the remineralization effects between APF gel and the CPP-ACP paste. we applicated the APF gel and CPP-ACP paste on the artificial enamel carious lesion. After 14 days, we measured the surface microhardness and observed the remineralized lesion under polarized light microscope. The results were as follows : 1. The surface microhardness of group III was the highest, followed by group II, and I(p<0.05). 2. The surface microhardness of group III was significantly higher than those of group I, and II(p<0.05). 3. We could observe thin and irregular remineralization layer of group II, and regular and moderate remineralization layer of group III under polirized light microscope.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.271-277
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• 2007

Natural pigments have many applications like colouring agent, pigments, food additives, and antiseptics. At present, instead of synthetic pigments that have contributed to the development of industry, many kinds of natural pigments have been developed. The constituents of gardenia fruits, Gardenia jasminoides ELLIS, are traditionally known as herb medicine and natural dyes/pigments due to the customer is needs. The fruits produce yellow carotenoid pigments and iridoid compounds. The two main components in the yellow pigments are called crocin and crocetin. The extraction mode of yellow pigment from Gardenia is depended upon the extraction time, temperature, and volume of solvent. Red pigments or blue pigments formed from geniposide and amino acids have been reported a lot. Geniposide, the principal iridoid glucoside contained in gardenia fruit, was hydrolyzed to genipinic acid or genipin as a precursor for the pigment by enzymatic or chemical reaction. These red or blue pigments prepared with materials hydrolyzed of geniposide and amino acid and had properties governed by the electrostatic character of the amino acid. The pigments showed good stability to heat and pH but were gradually bleached by light while the other natural pigments are unstable in light, heat, acid, and base solution. The safety of the pigments was considered to be of little virulences in comparison to synthetic pigments.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.834-839
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• 2004

To improve and oil degrading activity, the lipase gene from Pseudomonase sp. was transformed into Klebsiella sp. KCL-l, an oil degrading bacterium. The selected trasformant was named as a KCL-1/pET-Lip. The surface tension of culture broth of KCL-1/pET-Lip was decreased to 33 dyne/cm from 55 dyne/cm using 4% (v/v) soybean oil as sole carbon source. The surface tension were 44 and 37.5 dyne/cm, to 2% (w/v) glucose and 4% (v/v) kerosene medium, respectively. The emulsification activity of the biosurfactant solution containing lipase of KCL-l/pET-Lip improved better than wild type KCL-l. The soybean oil was most efficient carbon source and substrate for surface activity and emulsification activity of KCL-1/pET-Lip. The expression of lipase was confirmed by SDS-PAGE.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.689-695
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• 1996

In order to prove physiological function of ${\beta}-Glucan$ isolated from barley flour by enzymatic method, in vitro experiments simulating the passive membrane transport of gastrointestinal tract were carried out using dialysis membrane. The yield of ${\beta}-Glucan$ from barley flour was $6.2{\%}$ and its constituents were determined to give $81.6{\%}$ total dietary fiber, $72.9{\%}$ soluble dietary fiber, $8.7{\%}$ insoluble dietary fiber, $8.5{\%}$ moisture, $2.5{\%}$ protein and $7.4{\%}$ ash. The water holding capacity of the ${\beta}-Glucan$ preparation was 6 g water/g dry material. The glucose retardation index after 30 minute dialysis was $13.5{\%}$ in the presence of $3{\%}$ ${\beta}-Glucan$. As the dialysis period became longer, the retarding effect toward glucose absorption decreased and the effect was close to zero after 2 hour dialysis. The bile acid retardation index after 30 minute dialysis was 3, 12 and $18{\%}$ in the presence of 1, 3 and $5{\%}$ ${\beta}-Glucan$, respectively. The effect was higher than the glucose retardation index and decreased as the dialysis time elapsed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

The chicken liver has been involved in various biological functions including detoxification, glycogen storage and plasma protein synthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate differentially expressed genes in chicken liver in four different growing stages. Using 10 arbitrary Annealing Control Primers (ACPs), five differentially expressed genes have been identified. Based on the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) search results, three of them were matched with previously known genes, and the other two were matched with unknown EST sequence and a hypothetical protein, respectively. In order to confirm the expression results, quantitative real-time PCR was also performed. The high similarities between the expression data using arbitrary ACPs and quantitative real-time PCR indicate that the identified genes are the real differentially expressed genes in different growing stages. The genes identified in this study can be used as valuable biomarkers in chicken with further investigation of the functions.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.23-30
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• 1996

대략 36,000 base pairs (bp)의 두 가닥짜리 DNA를 지놈으로 가진 사람 아데노바이러스 (Ad)는 DNA 상동성(相同性) 및 생물학적/생화학적 성격이 특이한 49개의 혈청형이 알려져 있는데, 이들 대부분의 Ad가 영유아군 및 면역능이 저하된 성인에서 치사적 결과를 초래할 수 있다. Ad의 세포향성(向性)(tropism)은 매우 다양하여 종류에 따라 상기도 감염, 각결막염, 영유아 장염등을 유발하는데 최근 Ad의 다양한 병원성에 대한 원인을 분자생물학적 수준에서 규명하려는 노력의 일환으로 지역에 따라 주되게 출현하는 Ad형 규명이 활발히 이루어지고 있다. Ad 동정/확인은 표면을 이루고 있는 group 공통항원인 hexon 단백질을 탐지하는 효소면역 측정법 (EIA)에 의하며, Ad형별은 Ad fiber의 세포독성 중화시험에의 한다. 그러나, 세포독성 중화시험이 엄청난 노동력 및 시간을 요구하면서도 민감도/특이도가 만족스럽지 못하여 이를 개선하기 위하여 검체 또는 세포배양에서 Ad DNA를 추출하여 제한효소 절단형태를 비교하는 방법이 개발되었는데 이는 세포배양에 잘 자라지 않는 바이러스주의 형별뿐만 아니라 지역 분리주들의 지놈 변형주를 관찰하는 분자생물학적/분자역학적 연구에도 도움이 되고 있다. 국내에는 Ad와 관련된 소아장염의 빈도가 rotavirus에 의한 것 다음으로 빈번한데도 Ad40/41외에 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들이 전혀 규명된 바 없고, 한국형 Ad들의 지놈형태가 전혀 보고된 바가 없다. 또한 세계적으로 Ad형별 조사지역이 늘어감에 따라 유아장염과 연관된 Ad 역시 Ad40, 41이 외의 형들이 Ad40, 41을 능가하는 것으로 보고되고 있는 지역도 있으나 국내에서는 Ad40, 41이외의 형들은 그 역학적 중요도가 전혀 알려져 있지 않다. 이로서 본 연구의 목적은 Ad주들에 특이 중화항체를 이용한 세포독성 중화시험과 Ad DNA 절단법을 적용하여 한국형 장내 Ad주들의 형별을 처음으로 시도함과 동시에 1989-1991사이 출현한 Ad들의 유전적 변형을 관찰하려는 것이었다. 두 방법 모두 사용하였을 때 주되게 출현하는 장내 Ad형들은 Ad4l, Ad2, Ad7, Ad5, 및 Ad40이었다. Ad40/41-양성 검체를 제외한 Ad hexon-EIA양성들의 77.5%를 형별 할 수 있었던 Ad DNA의 제한효소 절단방법은 형들간의 교차중화로 특이성이 낮았던 중화방법 (47.5%)보다 매우 효율적이어서 두 가지 방법을 함께 적응하였을 때는 40주중의 81.5%인 35주를 형별 할 수 있었다. 또한Ad DNA 제한 효소 절단방법은 Ad7 변이주 (Ad7b)도 탐지 할 수 있었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1984

Seven cases of surgically proven sparganosis were serologically tested by means of microELISA for their specific IgG antibody levels. For that purpose, crude saline extract of spargana from snake, Natrix tigrina lateralis was prepared and used as antigen. The sparganosis sera were also tested with Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens to observe the cross reactivity. A total of 71 sera from normal control, ectopic and pulmonary paragonimiasis, clonorchiasis, cysticerCOSIS and Taenia saginata cases were also included. Except for one case of old calcified infection, all of 6 human sparganosis showed higher serum levels of specific IgG antibody when the differential point of positive reaction was set at the absorbance value of 0.25 (the sensitivity being 85.7%). In control and other helminthic infections, all except 3 cases of T. saginata infection showed negative reaction to sparganum antigen (the specificity being 90.7%). None of sparganosis cases showed cress reactivity to Paragonimus and Cysticercus antigens. Undiluted cerebrospinal l1uid also showed high levels of antibody when central nervous system was invaded. The serologic diagnosis by means of micro ELISA could be a useful tool in epidemiological study of human sparganosis in susceptible population, as well as in individual diagnosis.