• Title/Summary/Keyword: 단기간

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Effect of Rice Lodging Inhibitors on the Gibberellin Antagonism, Auxin Interaction, Ethylene Evolution and Growth of SecondCrops (수도(水稻) 도복경감제(倒伏輕減劑) 처리(處理)가 Gibberellin 길항작용(拮抗作用), Auxin 상호작용(相互作用), Ethylene 발생(發生) 및 후작물(後作物) 생육(生育)에 미치는 효과(效果))

  • Kang, C.K.;Park, Y.S.;Yoon, H.Y.
    • Korean Journal of Weed Science
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.39-45
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    • 1992
  • This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of gibberellin biosynthesis retardants as used by rice lodging inhibitors on the gibberellin antagonism, auxin interation, ethylene evolution and growth of second crops. Results obtained can be summarized as follows. Inabenfide, paclobutrazol and uniconazole markedly inhibited the epicotyl elongation of mung bean. Inhibiting effect of epicotyl by these chemicals was markedly stimulated by gibberellic acid, thus showing clear antagonism between these chemicals and gibberellic acid. Significantly large number of roots were formed in the mung bean cuttings which were rooted in the paclobutrazol and uniconazol of 1 ppm. The higher the concentration, the more the number of roots forms. It was guessed that these effect was closely related with auxin. Ethylene evolution was a little stimulated in the leaf of rice under the treatment of inabenfide, paclobutrazol and uniconazole at earlier stage(5 DAT), however it was suppressed at later stage(10, 30 DAT) at higher concentration. The effect of gibberllin biosynthesis inhibitors to second crops retarded tomato plants without influencing the height of barley. The treatment of paclobutrazol and uniconazol which is triazole-type more severely inhibited than that of inabenfide which is isonicotinanilide-type. The more the concentration, the less the height of tomato plants.

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Effect of Temporary Anterior Positioning Splint Using Putty Impression Material on Acute Closed Lock (급성 과두 걸림의 치료에서 퍼티 고무 인상재로 제작한 임시 전방위치장치의 적용)

  • Song, Ji-Hee;Kim, Ji-Hyun;Kwon, Jeong-Seung;Ahn, Hyung-Joon
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.37 no.4
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    • pp.221-225
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    • 2012
  • Disc dislocation without reduction, as known as closed lock, is a clinical condition in which the disc is dislocated from the condyle and does not return to normal position during condylar movement When the condition of disc dislocation without reduction is acute, the initial therapy should include an attempt to reduce or recapture the disc by manual manipulation. When patients report a history of being locked for 1 week or less, manual manipulation is usually successful. In patients with a longer history, success rate tends to decrease rapidly. If the disc has been successfully recaptured, placing an anterior positioning appliance is recommended to prevent clenching on the posterior teeth, which would likely redislocated the disc. But it is hard to make an appliance immediately in the clinic because it takes too much time. And making an appliance using self-curing acrylic resin is not very popular because of its discomfort by odor and working time. Also, if the patient has resin allergy or is under orthodontic treatment, or if it is impossible to control behavior of the patient, it has been restricted to make an appliance immediately. Therefore, to supplement this disadvantages, we tried to confirm about successful short term use of temporary anterior positioning splint made by using putty impression material after manual manipulation in this study.

A Short-Term Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation Intervention in Outpatient Department of Pulmonology (호흡기내과 외래로 내원한 환자들에 대한 금연프로그램의 단기간 효과)

  • Yeo, Chang-Dong;Kang, Hyeon-Hui;Kang, Ji-Young;Kim, Sung-Kyoung;Kim, Myung-Sook;Kim, Seung-Soo;Lee, Sang-Haak;Moon, Hwa-Sik
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • v.71 no.2
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    • pp.114-119
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    • 2011
  • Background: There is very limited data present on smoking cessation rates in outpatient departments of pulmonology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a brief smoking cessation intervention program in an outpatient department of pulmonology and identify predictors of smoking cessation failure. Methods: After a brief recommendation of smoking cessation from pulmonologists, smokers willing to quit smoking were given individual counseling and supplement drugs. Fifty smokers were included in this study and baseline characteristics, smoking history and success rate were reviewed at 3 months. Results: The mean age of the patients was $58.3{\pm}14.6$ years and the total group of patients included 3 women. The rate of smoking cessation success was 74% at 3 months, and there were no differences in age, spirometric indexes and associated diseases between the smoking cessation success and failure group. The rate of supplement drug usage was not different in both groups either. However, body weight, mean number of cigarette usage per day and nicotine dependence scores in the failure group were significantly higher than in the success group. In multivariate analysis, body weight and mean number of cigarette usage per day were significant. Two smokers with a depressive disorder failed the smoking cessation. Conclusion: A smoking cessation intervention program in the outpatient department of pulmonology showed a favorable success rate. More intensive interventions are needed to unfavorable groups which include the obese and heavy smokers.

(2)건강기능식품법의 하위법 제정에 즈음한 방향 제안

  • Son, Dong-Hwa
    • Bulletin of Food Technology
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.73-101
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    • 2002
  • 21세기는 과학기술의 비약적인 발전으로 정보통신기술, 환경기술, 나노기술 그리고 생명과학에 의한 바이오기술이 고부가가치 지식산업으로서 국가경쟁력 강회를 위한 국가전략 핵심산업으로 대두되고 있습니다. 특히 바이오기술의 응용산업인 건강기능식품은 국민의 질병예방과 건강증진을 통한 삶의 질 향상에 이바지하고, 21세기 미래 고부가가치산업으로 발전할 것으로 기대하고 있습니다. 이러한 시기에 국민보건과 건강기능식품산업의 발전을 위한 건강기능식품에 관한 법률(건강기능식품법) 이 의원입법으로 국회에 상정되어 1년 이상의 검토를 거쳐 지난 7월 31일에 국회 본회의를 통과하였습니다. 그후 8월 26일자로 이 법을 정부에서 공포하였으며 내년 8월 26일부터는 발효할 예정입니다. 그러나, 건강기능식품법의 제정은 건강기능식품관련 제도의 완성이 아니라 시작입니다. 즉, 건강기능식품법의 기초는 마련하였지만, 그 하위법인 시행령, 시행규칙, 고시등이 제대로 된 모습을 갖추어야 비로소 국민이 만족하고, 산학연의 동반 발전을 이룰 수 있는 이 분야의 산업발전을 기할 수 있습니다. 그리고, 건강기능식품담당 정부부처인 식품의약품안전청은 현실적으로 그 하위법을 금년 말(2002년)이나 내년 초(2003년)에 준비한 후 입법 예고하여야하는 시간적 제약을 안고 있습니다. 이러한 연유로 단기간 내에 하위법을 준비하다 보면 자칫 애초에 정부와 산학연이 바라던 바와는 다른 엉뚱한결과를 초래할 우려가 있는 만큼, 법 제도의 명확한 방향설정이 매우 중요합니다. 그래서, 한국식품과학회 건강기능식품분과위원회는 이 문제의 중요성을 깊이 인식하고 산학연 전문가그룹(식품과학자, 영양과학자, 학계, 연구계, 기업계: 16인)을 구성하였습니다. 전문가그룹은 지난 7 - 8월, 2달 동안에 수 차례 회의를 통하여, 건강기능식품법 하위법 준비 중 핵심사항은 건강기능식품의 기능성 표시와 평가 라는 점에 착안하고, 이에 대하여 중점적으로 검토하였습니다. 그 이외에도 섭취량 설정 , 심사자료의 인증요건 , 기능성분의 표시 등에 대하여도 부수적으로 검토하였습니다. 그 결과, 동물실험을 이용한 기능성평가 방향 (이미 본지의 전호에서 게재한 바 있어생략)을 제외한 주요사항을 다음의 별도 기사로 각각 소개합니다. 또한, 이 내용은 지난 9월 13일, COEX에서 제1회 건강기능식품 전시회 및 학술세미나 행사의 일환으로서 개최된 학술세미나에서 발표하고 토론회를 거쳤습니다. 또한, 지난 10월 26일, 무주리조트에서 식품과학회 추계학술대회 행사의 일환으로 개최된 건강기능식품분과위원회의 토론회에서도 좋은 의견을 교환한 바 있습니다. 두 차례의 토론회를 통하여 건강기능식품분과위원회가 제안한 초안이 대체적으로 매우 바람직한 것으로 평가받았으며 많은 동의를 얻었습니다. 이어서 토론회의 내용을 반영한 식품과학회의 안을 최종적으로 준비하고 이를 11월초에 식품의약품안전청에게 정책 건의하였습니다. 다음의 별도기사에 덧붙여서, 토론회를 통하여 수정(또는 강조)하고자 하는 부분은 아래와 같습니다. 1) 동물실험 등에서 흡수, 대사 등으로 표기한 서술 용어는 흡수, 분포, 대사, 배설 로 대체합니다. 2) 기능성 평가방법의 표준화와 관련하여 분과위원회에서 제시한 안은 평가방법은 심의위원회가 사안에 따라 기능성 평가시에 그 평가방법의 적합성을 검토함이 바람직하다 라고 하였습니다. 그러나, 이를 부분적으로는 평가방법을 표준화할 필요가있다 로 수정하고자 합니다. 즉, 평가방법이 전혀 제시되지 않으면 막막함으로, 기본적인 방법이면서 여러사람들이 참고로 할만한 방법에 대하여는 표준화를 병행함이 더욱 좋겠다고 생각합니다. 또한, 표준방법으로 제시된 것만이 유일한 방법은 아니므로 다른 방법으로 평가하는 것도 가능함으로 제시합니다. 3) (가칭)건강기능식품 인체시험 관리지침과 관련하여 이는 식약청장이 정할 사안이지만, 그것은 국내 의약품 임상시험 관리지침 과는 뚜렷이 차별화되는 것으로 실제로는 의사의 도움없이도 인체시험을 시행할 수 있음을 명확히 할 필요가 있습니다.

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Stability of the Pigments from Monascus purpuresu CBS 281.34 (Monascus purpureus CBS 281.34가 생성하는 홍국 색소의 안정성)

  • 임성일;곽은정
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.711-715
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    • 2004
  • The stability of 80% ethanol-soluble pigments from Monasus purpureus CBS 281.34 was investigated according to storage temperature, pH and addition of organic acid. Also, the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment in aqueous system was examined after the addition of distilled water in the range of 0∼80% during the storage at 1$0^{\circ}C$ and 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks with water soluble pigment. The heat stability was the highest (9.74%) when the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments were stored at 1$0^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. However, the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments stored at 6$0^{\circ}C$ and 8$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 h and 12 h greatly decreased by 23.06% and 30.36%, respectively. Although the 80% ethanol-soluble pigments were stable in the range of pH 4∼8, the degradation rate of pigment increased at pH 2 and PH 10.80% ethanol extract was adjusted to PH 4 by adding organic acids. The rate of pigment degradation was not different from control for 4 weeks. Red pigment was stable in the treatment of organic acids. And the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment in aqueous system was gradually decreased as the pigment content and storage time increased. Additionally, the stability of ethanol-soluble pigment was higher at 1$0^{\circ}C$ than at 2$0^{\circ}C$.

Effects of Combined Treatment of Gamma Irradiation and Addition of Rosemary Extract Powder on Ready-to-Eat Hamburger Steaks: I. Microbiological Quality and Shelf-life (감마선 조사와 로즈마리 추출분말 병용처리가 즉석 햄버거 스테이크에 미치는 영향: I. 미생물학적 특성 및 저장성)

  • 오상희;김장호;이주운;이유석;박경숙;김종군;이효구;변명우
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.687-693
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    • 2004
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined treatment effect of gamma irradiation and rosemary extract powder on ready-to-eat hamburger steaks. After irradiation at 5, 10 and 20 k㏉, hamburger steaks manufactured with rosemary extract powder (200 and 500 ppm) were stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ for 4 months and at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 3 weeks. Total aerobic bacteria count of the ready-to-eat hamburger steak was approximately 5 log CFU/g level. All doses of gamma irradiation were effective in reducing the population of total aerobic bacteria and coliform bacteria in hamburger steaks. In hamburger steaks irradiated at 20 k㏉, tile microbial growth was not observed during storage. The shelf-life of hamburger steaks were determined by microbiological counts of 10$^{6}$ ∼10$^{7}$ CFU/g and those of the steaks irradiated at 0, 5 and 10 k㏉ were ranged among 14, 28∼42 and 98∼112 days, respectively. The shelf-life of both irradiated hamburger steaks added with 500 ppm rosemary extract powder at 5 and 10 k㏉ was extended more 14 days than non-added sample. Results suggested that both gamma irradiation and rosemary extract powder may improve the shelf-stability of ready-to-eat ham-burger steak. However, when the storage temperature was abused (3$0^{\circ}C$), the rosemary extract powder had not sufficient effect on the shelf- stability of hamburger steaks.

THE SHORT-TERM REMOVABLE INTERMAXILLARY FIXATION CARE BY USE OF AN ADDITIVE INCISION & DRAINAGE ON THE ORAL LACERATION WOUNDS ADJACENT WITH MANDIBULAR COMPOUND FRACTURES: REPORT OF A CASE (하악골 복합 골절시 구내 열창부 상에 추가 절개 배농술을 이용한 단기간 가변적 악간고정 관리: 증례보고)

  • Mo, Dong-Yub;Yoo, Jae-Ha;Choi, Byung-Ho;Kim, Ha-Rang;Lee, Chun-Ui;Ryu, Mi-Heon
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.260-264
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    • 2010
  • Treatment of the mandibular fracture consists of reduction and fixation. The apparatus that is used to keep the jaws together during healing will often reduce the fracture as well. When the jaws are brought together and intermaxillary elastic rubber traction is placed, the occlusion of the teeth will help to orient the fractured parts into good position. Intermaxillary fixation, that is, fixation obtained by elastic bands between the upper & lower jaws to which suitable anchoring devices have been attached, will successfully treat most fractures of the mandible. Arch bars are perhaps the ideal method for intermaxillary fixation. Several types of ready-made arch bars are used. But, daily occupational life and oral hygiene is difficult to maintain during the period of longterm immobilized intermaxillary fixation (commonly 6-8 weeks), owing to malnutrition and emotional disorders in a position of the patient with mandibular fractures. Most mandibular fractures heal well enough to allow removal of fixation in about 6 weeks. Though there are many complications of mandibular fracture, such as infection, hemorrhage, trismus, paresthesia and nonunion, it is favorable to attain the short-term removable intermaxillary fixation care by use of an additive incision & drainage establishment on the oral lacerated wounds of adjacent mandibular compound fractures. The purpose of an additive incision & drainge establishment is the prevention of wound infection & nonunion by removing the hematoma & seroma in the fracture sites.

Changes of Compound Muscle Action Potential in Short-term Steroid Therapy for Compression Injury of Rat Sciatic Nerve (백서 좌골신경의 압박손상에 대한 단기간 스테로이드 투여 시 복합근활동전위의 변화)

  • Kim, So-Hyun;Park, Kwang-Won;Baek, Joon-Seok;Jung, Tae-Young;Kim, Mee-Lee;Park, Sang-Jun
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.25-30
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    • 2013
  • Purpose: Many surgical procedures in oral and maxillofacial area can induce trauma to the peripheral nerve. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effects of short-term steroid therapy on nerve recovery after crush injury. Methods: Sixteen rats were randomly divided into two groups. The right sciatic nerves were exposed, crushed, and sutured. The control group was not given steroids. The test group was injected with dexamethasone disodium phosphate (2 mg/kg body weight/day) for 7 days. In all animals, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) was recorded before and at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury. Results: The amplitude of the CMAP before and at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after injury were $53.20{\pm}4.80$ mV, $20.12{\pm}5.38$ mV, $30.01{\pm}14.15$ mV, $31.14{\pm}13.56$ mV, $31.73{\pm}16.33$ mV, and $37.23{\pm}16.98$ mV in the control group, and $55.25{\pm}6.72$ mV, $18.62{\pm}6.26$ mV, $29.50{\pm}13.06$ mV, $32.90{\pm}13.226$ mV, $30.17{\pm}11.80$ mV, and $38.41{\pm}12.27$ mV in the test group, respectively. The nerve conduction velocity was $18.82{\pm}3.94$ m/s, $16.73{\pm}3.48$ m/s, $19.60{\pm}2.45$ m/s, $18.68{\pm}3.94$ m/s, $18.02{\pm}3.51$ m/s, and $19.25{\pm}3.88$ m/s in the control group, and $18.94{\pm}3.48$ m/s, $17.28{\pm}2.53$ m/s, $7.57{\pm}2.54$ m/s, $18.77{\pm}2.12$ m/s, $19.48{\pm}1.55$ m/s, and $19.22{\pm}2.97$ m/s in the test group, respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study did not show any therapeutic effect of short-term administration of steroids on injured rat sciatic nerve. Further studies are needed.

Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation in Cheoncheon Basin Considering Hourly Rainfall (시강우를 고려한 천천유역의 토양침식 및 퇴적 평가)

  • Kim, Seongwon;Lee, Daeeop;Jung, Sungho;Lee, Giha
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, the frequency of heavy rainfall associated with high rainfall intensity has been continuously increasing due to the effects of climate change; and thus also causes an increase in watershed soil erosion. The existing estimation techniques, used for the prediction of soil erosion in Korea have limitations in predicting the: average soil erosion in watersheds, and the soil erosion associated with abnormal short-term rainfall events. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of torrential rainfall, and utilize physics-based model to accurately determine the soil erosion characteristics of a watershed. In this study, the rainfall kinetic energy equation, in the form of power function, is proposed by applying the probability density function, to analyze the rainfall particle distribution. The distributed rainfall-erosion model, which utilizes the proposed rainfall kinetic energy equation, was utilized in this study to determine the soil erosion associated with various typhoon events that occurred at Cheoncheon watershed. As a result, the model efficiency parameters of the model for NSE and RMSE are 0.036 and 4.995 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the suggested soil erosion model, coupled with the proposed rainfall-energy estimation, shows accurate results in predicting soil erosion in a watershed due to short-term rainfall events.

A Retrospective Study of Survival Rate in single Brnemark TiUniteTM Implant (단일 치아 결손시 TiUniteTM 표면 처리한 임플란트의 생존율에 대한 후향적 연구)

  • Kim, Hye-Jin;Yang, Seung-Min;Kye, Seung-Beom;Shin, Seung-Yun
    • Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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    • v.25 no.3
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    • pp.267-277
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    • 2009
  • Recently implant supported single crown is the popular treatment option to replace a single missing tooth. The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze and evaluate the survival of implants with the $TiUnite^{TM}$ surface for single tooth replacement. From September 2002 to December 2006, 269 TiUniteTM surfaced implants were used in single tooth replacements at the Institute of Oral Health Science, Samsung Medical Center. Twenty one cases were excluded because of neighbor implants, missing records & short follow up period. Among 248 implants, the 129 implants (52.0%) were inserted in the maxilla and 119 (48.0%) in the mandible. One hundred implants placement (40.3%) were combined with guided bone regeneration, and 36 implants placement (14.5%) were combined with sinus bone augmentation. Mean observation period was $26.0{\pm}11.8$ months after implant placement. Twelve implants were recorded as failures, rendering a single implant survival rate of 95.2% over the observation period. Among failed 12 implants, 10 implants placed in the maxilla. The survival rate in the maxilla was 92.2% and in the mandible was 98.3%. The use of $TiUnite^{TM}$ surfaced single implant placement showed high survival rate for short time period.