• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2021

In order to respond to the ballistic missile threat of North Korea, the ROK military is constructing a multi-layered defense that can minimize the vulnerability of single-layered defense. Accordingly, it is necessary to study an operation plan which can maximize the intercept rate of a multi-layered defense system. And to study the operation plan of the Korean missile defense system, it must be considered that the operational environment of the Korean military and the effects of the strategic strike system. Therefore, this study proposes a simulation model that reflects the characteristics of the Korean missile defense system and analyzes four interceptor missile operation plans. The simulation result indicates that a high intercept rate can be achieved in various situations by comprehensively considering the ballistic missile threat estimate, interceptor missile reserve, and the strategic strike system effect.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.2 s.180
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• pp.50-65
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• 1994

다층대공방어체계내에서 구역대공방어요소는 대공전(AAW) 원칙의 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 효과적인 구역방어를 위해서는 공격에 대한 조기경보체계가 필수적이다. 이러한 조기 경보는 항공탑재센서로 제공되며, 만약 탐색능력이 낮은 경우에는 방어 능력의 저하를 초래할 것이다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.1 s.251
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• pp.54-63
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• 2000

탄도 미사일의 요격은 로켓 모터가 연소 중인 부스트 단계에서 이루어지는 경우, 대기권 밖의 고층(고고도)에서 이루어지는 경우, 그리고 대기권에 재돌입한 후 저층(저고도)에서 이루어지는 경우를 생각할 수 있는데 이와 같은 방어 개념을 다층 방어라고 한다. 다층 방어에서는 탄도 미사일을 요격할 수 있는 기회가 많이 주어지기 때문에 탄도 미사일의 공격으로부터 자국 영토를 안전하게 방어하기 위해서는 꼭 필요한 시스템이라고 할 수 있다.

• Defense and Technology
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• no.2 s.252
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• pp.58-65
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• 2000

탄도 미사일의 요격은 로켓 모터가 연소 중인 부스트 단계에서 이루어지는 경우, 대기권 밖의 고층(고고도)에서 이루어지는 경우, 그리고 대기권에 재돌입한 후 저층(저고도)에서 이루어지는 경우를 생각할 수 있는데 이와 같은 방어 개념을 다층 방어라고 한다. 다층 방어에서는 탄도 미사일을 요격할 수 있는 기회가 많이 주어지기 때문에 탄도 미사일의 공격으로부터 자국 영토를 안전하게 방어하기 위해서는 꼭 필요한 시스템이라고 할 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.105-113
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• 2017

This study considers an optimal investment planning for improving survivability from an air threat in the layered air defense system. To establish an optimization model, we first represent the layered air defense system as a network model, and then, present two optimization models minimizing the failure probability of counteracting an air threat subject to budget limitation, in which one deals with whether to invest and the other enables continuous investment on the subset of nodes. Nonlinear objective functions are linearized using log function, and we suggest dynamic programming algorithm and linear programing for solving the proposed models. After designing a layered air defense system based on a virtual scenario, we solve the two optimization problems and analyze the corresponding optimal solutions. This provides necessity and an approach for an effective investment planning of the layered air defense system.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.43-48
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• 2022

The Kinzal missile launched by Russia in Ukraine and flew on March 5 or more speeds is the first hypersonic cruise missile used in combat. High speed leads to destructive solid power, and the security system's interception time is significantly reduced. Therefore, hypersonic missiles could be a game-changer. Even the United States, with its multi-layered defense system, admits the difficulty of intercepting it. Military powers like the United States, Russia, China and North Korea are focus on developing hypersonic missiles as offensive weapons, but their defense system capabilities are inadeqate. From this perspective, this paper identifies significant countrie's hypersonic missile development status and defense system capabilities and seeks to derive a countermeasure for the ROK military.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 2020

It is important to operate a limited number of interceptors effectively to counter ballistic missile threats. The existing interceptor operating method determines the number of interceptors according to the level of TBM (Theater Ballistic Missile) engagement effectiveness applied to a defended asset. It can cause either excessive interceptor waste compared to the intercept probability or the intercept probability decrease. Thus, interceptor operating method must be decided considering the number of ballistic missiles, intercept probability and cost. This study proposes a mathematical model to improve the existing interceptor operating method. In addition, the efficiency indicator is proposed for trade-off between intercept probability and cost. As a result of the simulations, the mathematical model-based interceptor operating method can achieve better results than the existing interceptor operating method.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.307-316
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• 2016

A multiple radar system is comprised of early warning radar for fast detection of a target and air defense radar for precision intercept. For this reason, target take-over process is required between the two radars. The target take-over should be performed at an appropriate time by consideration of stable tracking and effective fire control. In this paper, operation characteristics of multiple radar system are analyzed and target take-over time determination method using estimation of target tracking performance is proposed for high-velocity targets. The proposed method is validated with ballistic target defense scenarios in the developed integrated simulator.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.12-20
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• 1998

As an approach to develope a control system with high robustness in changing control environment conditions, this paper will propose a robust control system, using multilayer neural network and biological immune system. The proposed control system adjusts weights of the multilayer neural network(MNN) with the immune algorithm. This algorithm is made up of two major divisions, the innate immune algorithm as a first line of defence and the adaptive immune algorithm as a barrier of self-adjustment. Using the proposed control system based on immune algorithm, we will work out a design for the controller of a robot manipulator. And we will demonstrate the effectiveness of the control system of robot manipulator with computer simulations.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.26-37
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• 1995

뱀장어, Anguilla joponicu의 표피를 구성하는 주종 세포인 상피세포는 80남 정도의 많은 당김세사를 함유하고 있어서 표피의 골격 유지에 중요한 역할을 하고 있다 회유행동 특성에 의해. 성숙된 뱀장어는 바다로 나가게 되고 표피는 급격한 환경변화를 서게 되는데 그 현상들을 살펴보면 먼저 상해반응으로 세포 내의 파립 형질내세망의 내강이 확장되는 현상과 다양한 크기의 공포의 증가로 인해 상피세포들 사이의 공간이 확장되며 일부 세포에서는 괴사 또는 변성되는 형태인 다층층판구조를 갖기도 한다. 이에 대한 능동적 대처로 부착반쪽으로 모이는 당김세사들이 일정한 방향성을 갖게 되며, 상피세포 사이의 연접부위에 부착반의 수가 증가되며 미토콘드리아. 형질내세망 등 세포소기 관이 발달되고, 분비과립의 증가 등 분비양상이 증가되고, 능동적인 염배출과 연관된 핵상부의 중앙축을 따라 미토콘드리아 및 과립 형질내세망이 풍부한 세포도 나타났다. 이와 같은 변화는 염분농도의 증가에 따른 환경적요인에 의해 일어나는 상피세포의 기능적 방어기작이라고 사료된다.