• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.1744-1753
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to provide obese middle school girls with walking and behavior modification program(WBMP) by investigating effects of the exercise on their body composition(BC), physical fitness(PF) and metabolic syndrome(MS). Analysis result of the difference between before and after the exercise(paired and independent t-test) was acquired by measuring BC, PF and MS for 12 weeks(60min/day, three a week). 24 Volunteers were 14 years over ${\geq}223.64kg/m^2$ and 15 years over ${\geq}24.00kg/m^2$. In the body composition, waist circumference(WC), body fat mass(BFM), %fat, arm muscle circumference(AMC), total body water(TBW), physical score(PS) were significant difference between the exercise group(EG) and the control group(CG), also including all factors in PF. The components of metabolic syndrome were significant difference between EG and CG, but HDL-C, systolic & diastolic blood pressure were no difference. The metabolic syndrome factors by separate of waist girth were no difference between EG and CG, but BMI, diastolic blood pressure were significant difference. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 4 of 24(16.7%) before intervention, but it dropped from 2 to 1 after intervention in WBMP. The components of metabolic syndrome was distributed a big WC>low HDL-C>high TG>hypertension. The changes of AMC, We, PS, BW, 50m run and BFM effect the factors on BMI(35%), WHR(waist-hip ratio, 69%), HDL-C(42%), fasting blood glucose(65%), HOMA-IR index(34%) and systolic blood pressure(39%) respectively. There were significantly increased in breakfast frequency, walking steps, and meal eating period, but decreased in snacks and eating out in exercise group.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.52 no.8
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• pp.545-554
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• 2019

The most drought assessments are based on a drought index, which depends on univariate variables such as precipitation and soil moisture. However, there is a limitation in representing the drought conditions with single variables due to their complexity. It has been acknowledged that a multivariate drought index can more effectively describe the complex drought state. In this context, this study propose a Copula-based drought index that can jointly consider precipitation and soil moisture. Unlike precipitation data, long-term soil moisture data is not readily available so that this study utilized a Gaussian Mixture Non-Homogeneous Hidden Markov chain Model (GM-NHMM) model to simulate the soil moisture using the observed precipitation and temperature ranging from 1973 to 2014. The GM-NHMM model showed a better performance in terms of reproducing key statistics of soil moisture, compared to a multiple regression model. Finally, a bivariate frequency analysis was performed for the drought duration and severity, and it was confirmed that the recent droughts over Jeollabuk-do in 2015 have a 20-year return period.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.379-394
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• 2021

Purpose. In our previous studies, application of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to gingival fibroblasts or to canine palatal soft tissue was verified to alter the expression of several genes responsible for cell cycle progression. In order to confirm this effect in a system allowing sequential release of TCA and epidermal growth factor (EGF), expression of various cell cycle genes following the application of the agents, using hydrophobically modified glycol chitosan (HGC)-based nano-controlled release system, was explored in this study. Materials and methods. HGC-based nano-controlled release system was developed followed by loading TCA and EGF. The groups were defined as the control (CON); TCA-loaded nano-controlled release system (EXP1); TCA- and EGF- individually loaded nano-controlled release system (EXP2). At 24- and 48 hr culture, expression of 37 cell cycle genes was analyzed in human gingival fibroblasts. Correlations and the influential genes were also analyzed. Results. Numerous genes such as cyclins (CCNDs), cell division cycles (CDCs), cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), E2F transcription factors (E2Fs), extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs) and other cell cycle genes were significantly up-regulated in EXP1 and EXP2. Also, cell cycle arrest genes of E2F4, E2F5, and GADD45G were up-regulated but another cell cycle arrest gene SMAD4 was down-regulated. From the multiple regression analysis, CCNA2, CDK4, and ANAPC4 were determined as the most influential factors on the expression of ERK genes. Conclusion. Application of TCA and EGF, using the HGC-based nano-controlled sequential release system significantly up-regulated various cell cycle progression genes, leading to the possibility of regenerating oral soft tissue via application of the proposed system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.492-501
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• 2007

Coastal disasters have become one of the most important issues in every coastal country. In Korea, coastal disasters such as storm surge, sea level rise and extreme weather have placed many coastal regions in danger of being exposed or damaged during subsequent storms and gradual shoreline retreat. A storm surge is an onshore gush of water associated with a tow pressure weather system, typically in typhoon season. However, it is very difficult to predict storm surge height and inundation due to the irregularity of the course and intensity of a typhoon. To provide a new scheme of typhoon damage prediction model, the scenario which changes the central pressure, the maximum wind radius, the track and the proceeding speed by corresponding previous typhoon database, was composed. The virtual typhoon scenario database was constructed with individual scenario simulation and evaluation, in which it extracted the result from the scenario database of information of the hereafter typhoon and information due to climate change. This virtual typhoon scenario database will apply damage prediction information about a typhoon. This study performed construction and analysis of the simulation system with the storm surge/coastal inundation model at Masan coastal areas, and applied method for predicting using the scenario of the storm surge.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2001

Recently, numerous studies have focused on the health effects of ambient particulate pollutants. Compared to earlier studios that focused on severe air pollution episodes, recent studies are more relevant to understanding the health effects of air pollution at levels common to contemporary cities. We reviewed recent epidemiologic studies that evaluated health effects of particulate air pollution and concluded that respirable particulate air pollution is an important contributing factor to acute mortality and morbidity. We observed increased respiratory and cardiovascular deaths, increased hospital admissions and visits, and decreased lung function. We also observed increased mortality and morbidity in a Korean population. Theses health effects were observed at levels below the current Ambient Air Quality Standard for particulate air pollution.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between land use patterns of riparian zones and water quality in the Geumho River watershed. A GIS database included digital land use maps (1:25,000), stream network extracted from digital topographic maps (1:5,000) and riparian zones maps by multi-buffering method. Pearson's correlation analysis was used to explain the relationship between the environmental conditions of a 30 meter buffer strip on each side and water quality. According to the result of investigation of riparian-level land use patterns, sub-watersheds on the lower Geumho River including Daegu metropolitan city were mainly developed as urban area such as residential, commercial and industrial ones, while sub-watersheds on the middle Geumho River and the main course of Nakdong River, agricultural ones such as a paddy, a dry field and an orchard. Meanwhile, the area-rate of riparian forests which play an important role in filtering nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment was estimated below the average 16%. The proportion of urban area in a 30 meter riparian bufferstrip had a negative correlation with water quality in each sub-watershed. But the proportion of forest area had a positive correlation with water quality. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish landscape planning for preparing and restoring the riparian buffer zones, concerning land form, soil type, the present land use pattern and economic aspects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.152-169
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of adjacentroads on the concentration of negative air ions in urban neighborhood park. The measured factors were negative air ion concentration, positive airion concentration, airtemperature,relative humidity, wind speed, green formation volume factor (GVZ) and distance from highway and general road. The mean negative air ion concentration was $206ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion concentration was $416ea/cm^3$ in the influence zone of roads. On the other hand, the mean negative air ion was $339ea/cm^3$ and the positive air ion was $229ea/cm^3$ in the unaffected zone of roads, which are inner areas of the park. The difference of the negative air ion concentration according to the influence of the road was statistically significant. The negative air ion concentration model was presented by integrating the correlation analysis with the influence factors, and the explanatory power of the model was increased by adding the influence factor of the road.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.39 no.1 s.115
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• pp.13-20
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• 2006

The changing patterns of water temperature and turbidity in streams entering Imha Reservoir were studied. The turbidity variation near the intake tower in Imha Reservoir was investigated in relation with the variation of water temperature and turbidity in streams. Water temperature was estimated using multi-regression method with air temperature and dew point as independent variables. Peak turbidity was also estimated using non-linear regression method with rainfall intensity as an independent variable. Although more independent variables representing watershed characteristics seem to be needed to increase estimation accuracies, the methodology used in this study can be applied to estimate water temperature and peak turbidity in other streams.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.342-352
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of physical activity practice rates and knowledge related to cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention on the health behavior of middle aged women. Data were collected from Oct to Nov 2017 from 142 middle-aged women living in 24 Eup, Myeon, and Dong areas in North Gyeongsangbuk-do Province using a structured questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The major factors influencing health behavior were found to be alcohol consumption (${\beta}=0.15$, p=0.009), diet (${\beta}=0.16$, p=0.003), vigorous intensity (${\beta}=0.14$, p=0.011), marriage (${\beta}=0.19$, p<0.001), interest in one's own health (${\beta}=0.23$, p<0.001), and health recognition (ill: ${\beta}=0.31$, p<0.001). Alcohol consumption and diet were factors of cardiocerebrovascular knowledge, vigorous intensity was a factor of physical activity practice rate, marriage and interest in one's own health were factors of general characteristics, and health recognition was a factor in health-related characteristics. Health-promotion activity was positively correlated with knowledge regarding cardiocerebrovascular disease prevention (r=0.41, p<0.001) and physical activity practice rate (r=0.44, p<0.001). It will be necessary to develop and apply practical intervention programs based on disease prevention knowledge and physical activity to enhance the health behavior of middle aged women.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.94-101
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• 2016

Acinetobacter species isolates are important opportunistic pathogens and commonly implicated in nosocomial infections. The therapeutic options for treatment of the bacterial infections are limited because the bacteria isolates are usually multidrug resistant (MDR). In the current study, we investigated various carbapenemase genes in 68 Acinetobacter species isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested using the disk diffusion method. Screening of carbapenemase genes was performed via multiplex PCR. In addition, PCR and DNA sequencing were used to identify the carbapenemase genes. Repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (REP-PCR) was also performed to assess the clonality of isolates. In our study, A. baumannii isolates were highly resistant to all agents tested while all non-A. baumannii isolates were susceptible to all agents tested, with the exception of aztreonam and cefotaxime. All 51 A. baumannii isolates contained the $bla_{OXA-51}$ gene and 37 (72.5%) isolates also harbored the $bla_{OXA-23}$ gene. In addition, 39 MDR A. baumannii isolates were identified in our study and 37 isolates contained the $bla_{OXA-23}$ gene. The 37 MDR strains harboring $bla_{OXA-23}$ showed type I (n=22) or type II (n=15) banding patterns on their REP-PCR profiles. Our results suggest clonal relation and horizontal spreading of MDR A. baumannii isolates containing the $bla_{OXA-23}$ gene at the hospital located in Daejeon. Continuous investigation of antimicrobial resistant determinants and monitoring emergence and dissemination of MDR isolates is required to prevent and control infection and colonization of MDR A. baumannii isolates.