• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.422-431
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• 2001

One pulp manufacture facility was selected as surveying facility to examine the discharged amount and generation mechanism of dioxins excepts for bleaching stage wastewater. In recovery and finishing process, 2,3,7,8-TCDF, OCDD and OCDF were mainly detected, and the ratio of PCDDs and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD as the concentration of 2,3,7,8-substitute isomer were discharged which is known as the typical emission pattern of pulp and paper manufacture facility, and the 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDD were discharged more than 90% in toxic equivalent concentration. Also, the OCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF for 2,3,7,8-isomer concentration, and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD and 2,3,7,8-TCDF as toxic equivalent concentration were discharged in effluent. The detected PCDDs/PCDFs concentration were surveyed 0.2266 ng-TEQ/L for influent and 0.0377 ng-TEQ/L for effluent.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.66-92
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• 2001

지난 및 년간 정부에서는 소각시설에서 배출되는 다이옥신 등 대기오염물질을 저감하기 위하여 많은 노력을 기울여 왔다. 먼저, '97년 7월 17일, 폐기물관리법 시행규칙을 개정하여 생활폐기물 소각시설에 대한 다이옥신 규제기준$^{1)}$ 을 '99년 7월 1일부터 기존 소각시설에 대해서는 0.5ng-TEQ/N㎥을 신설 소각시설에 대해서는 0.1ng-TEQ/N㎥으로 제정했으며, 또한 소각시설의 광역화, 신규 소각시설의 설치비용 및 기존 소각설비의 개ㆍ보수비용의 일부에 대한 국고지원, 소각처리 기술지원단에 의한 기술평가 및 자문활동, 다이옥신 공인측정ㆍ분석기관의 지정ㆍ고시, 생활폐기물 소각시설 설치ㆍ운영지침의 제정 등 짧은 기간임에도 불구하고 소각시설에서 배출되는 다이옥신을 저감하기 위하여 각종 정책이나 제도를 시행 또는 개선해왔다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.513-523
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• 1995

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) are the most concerned toxic organic pollutants to human. Because of their extremely high toxicity and uncertain genotoxic potential, their determination in environmental and biological samples is of great interest. Municipal solid waste incinerator facilities have been reported as the major contributors of dioxins and furans to the environment, and their formation from combustion is a universal phenomenon, everywhere. In this study dioxins and furans were analyzed from the bottom ash produced during combustion in an municipal waste incinerator located in Seoul. The EPA method was modified for sample pretreatment: the soxhlet method was used for extraction and clean-up procedures were performed by using silica and basic alumina, excluding active-carbon. The extract was then analyzed by HRGC/HRMS. A general trend of increase in the amounts of 6∼7 chlorine-substituted dioxins and furans was observed. Total dioxins, furans and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were determined as 8.05 ng/g, 4.75 ng/g, and 6.93 pg/g, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Community Living Science Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.177-177
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• 2004

섬유제품의 유해물질의 유해성에 관한 연구로서는 가공처리제의 공해실태, 시판되고 있는 천 및 의류제품의 formaldehyde 함량조사와 인체장해실태가 조사된 정도이며, 무기 화합물, 유기 화합물질의 발암성 주요인이 되는 다이옥신에 관한 유해성평가는 전무한 실정이다. 환경친화적인 활동이 활발한 유럽 각국에서는 섬유제품의 환경마크인 Eco-Label를 기준으로 하며, 미국과 일본에서는 발암성의 원인이 되며 내분비계 장애물질인 다이옥신에 관한 피복의 유해성 평가에 관한 연구가 활발하게 행해지고 있다. (중략)

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1345-1355
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• 2000

The main route of exposure of the human population to polychlorinated dibenzop-dioxins(PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans(PCDFs) is through the diet. However in Korea, there are few studies on PCDDs/PCDFs levels in environmental samples and foods. The purpose of this study is to analyze concentration of PCDDs/PCDFs in Korean retail foods and to estimate dietary daily intake of them. 9 samples from animal food and 10 samples from plant food were analysed for PCDDs/PCDFs. Concentrations of PCDDs/PCDFs ranged from 0.02(milk) to 5.39(anchovy)pg/g. TEQ levels appeared in order of fish/shellfish, meat, vegetable, cereal, fruit and milk, and these values ranged from 0.0008 to 0.3153pgTEQ/g. The daily intake of PCDDs/PCDFs via food was calculated to be about 37.7pgTEQ/day and these values are equivalent to 0.75 pgTEQ/kg b.w./day, under consideration of 50kg for body weight. The daily intake of PCDDs/PCDFs via food was lower than that in other countries. From these results, it is important to note that fish/shellfish intake is one of the main sources of PCDDs/PCDFs exposure in Korea.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.559-567
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• 2005

For the analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood, which have been issued recently, SRM 1589a of NIST(National Institute of Standards and Technology) was used and a practical analytical method of PCDD/Fs in blood was presented through comparison of methods of Canada and Japan. The proposed method used alkali-digestion extraction for removal of the lipid effectively using two capillary columns. The limit of quantification of TeCDD/DF and PeCDD/DF was 1 pg/g-lipid, HxCDD/DF and HpCDD/DF was 2 pg/g-lipid, OCDD/DF was 4 pg/g-lipid. With consideration the range of detected concentration, calibration standards were presented as $CS_L$(0.1~1), $CS_1/2$(0.25~2.5), $CS_1$(0.5~5.0), $CS_2$(2~20), $CS_3$(10~100).

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to compare dioxin contents in spinach, soil and air and to evaluate the relation of dioxin concentrations in crop and its cultural environment. Sample weighing for the precise peak detection in dioxin analysis was also determined. The fragmentogram of HpCDFs, and especially OCDF, indicated different pattern from that of TeCDD/F, PeCDD/Fs and HxCDDs/Fs, which showed the same pattern. In case of field culture spinach (wet sample 2 kg) in Japan, peak of OCDF could be detected clearly, while market spinach (wet sample 1 kg) showed the only baseline detection. The result makes it possible to suppose the fact that production place of market spinach was not contaminated with OCDF, but atmospheric pattern of production place was similar to that of open field sample. So we could decide that the sample of agricultural crops were needed more than 2 kg in wet weight for the evaluation of precise peak The total tendency of dioxin concentration levels in field culture spinach may be affected by OCDD and HCDF distributed in soil. However, on the whole the major factor seems to be the atmospheric deposition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.316-322
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• 2005

In this study, the concentration of 17 dioxin congeners in the soil samples near a waste incinerator with respect to distance from incinerator and wind directions were investigated. The effect of PCB source was investigated using the cluster analysis method. The total concentration and I-TEQ concentration of dioxin ranged from 31.065 to 7,257.499 pg/g(dry weight) and from 0.099 to 35.191 pg I-TEQ/g(dry weight.), respectively. There was a weak correlation(not statistically significant) observed between soil concentration and wind direction, and the distance from the incinerator. The reason may be due to the presence of the local combustion sources other than the target incinerator. The fraction of PCDFs and PCDDs was also examined to study the effect of incinerator. The fraction of PCDFs was decreased with the distance from the incinerator. The influence of target incinerator was found within a 500-meter radius. The high concentration in the for site was due to small incinerators and the use of agricultural chemicals such as PCP. To investigate the relationship between soil near the incinerator and the sources, the cluster analysis was conducted using the congener pattern. As a result soil samples were divided into four groups and were qualitatively estimated the influence of sources such as incinerator and PCP by comparing the congener pattern of each roups. It was thought that a cluster analysis was a useful statistical method for the source estimation of dioxin.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.266-273
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• 2001

One pulp manufacture facility was selected as surveying facilities to examine the discharged rate and generation mechanism of dioxin in bleaching stag wastewater. The analytical method was established in the wastewater and the sample was collected and analyzed. The outlet concentration of bleaching stage was increased 5 times for 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 7 times for OCDD, and the discharged ratio between PCDFs and PCDDs was surveyed about 2:3. The 2,3,7,8-TCDF and 2,3,7,8-TCDD were mainly detected in acid wastewater of bleaching stage that is known as the typical discharged patterns of chlorine bleaching stage.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.675-682
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• 2000

The concentration of dioxins from flue gases of municipal waste incineration facilities with capacities over 50 tons/day are regulated by the guideline: $0.1ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ for new facilities, and $0.5ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ for existing facilities and it will be strengthened to $0.1ng-TEQ/Nm^3$ until 2003 year. Dioxins from these incineration facilities have to be measured more than 2 times annually by the Official Test Facilities of Dioxins. Seven institutions have been certified so far as the Official Test Facilities of Dioxins. These facilities have to be evaluated by the quality control program provided by National Institute of Environmental Research every year. We reported the results of quality control test performed in 1999. Four institutions certified in 1998 sampled flue gases at stack of M incineration facilitiy and analyzed dioxins by Official Methods of Air Pollution. The isokinetic coefficients, the parameter for evaluation of sampling ability were excellent for all four institutions. They were 100.9%, 102.4%, 102.1% and 99.2%, respectively. The criteria required are as follows; resolution over 10,000, mass calibration within ${\pm}5ppm$, ion abundance ratio within 15%, and the recovery of 50-120%. As results, those institutions also met these parameters of Official Method of Air Pollution.