• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2008

With the growing international consensus regarding sustainable development of transportation, the plan of transportation infrastructure needs to meet various requirements toward enhancing environmental conditions. Accordingly, the upcoming long-term plan of high-speed rail network has to be reflecting the sustainability of transportation systems. In this paper, we demonstrate an application of methodologies based on multi-attribute utility theory for determining priorities of sustainable high-speed rail investment. The proposed methodologies identify indicators for sustainable transportation systems such as economic, environmental, and social ones and then, evaluate priority for planning a long-term sustainable high-speed rail network by comparing the relative importance among indicators. This will help transportation agencies to prioritize high-speed rail investment toward sustainable transportation systems.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2011

Environmental and safety problems are one of the most important factors in designing coastal wave control structures and maintaining facilities in coastal zone. This study suggests the multi-cylinder piles as a profitable structure for preserving coastal zone as well as controlling the wave effectively. The hydraulic model experiment was performed to investigate the effect of erosion control of the structure. The experimental study was carried out to research the effect of erosion control in the coastal zone for existing a concrete wave breaker and the structure with multi-cylinder piles placing at the same location. As a result multi-cylinder piles reduced erosion at each sides of structure and occured sedimetation at front of structure.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.378-385
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• 2010

The explosive increase in the use of email has made to need email classification efficiently and accurately. Current work on the email classification method have mainly been focused on a binary classification that filters out spam-mails. This methods are based on Support Vector Machines, Bayesian classifiers, rule-based classifiers. Such supervised methods, in the sense that the user is required to manually describe the rules and keyword list that is used to recognize the relevant email. Other unsupervised method using clustering techniques for the multi-category classification is created a category labels from a set of incoming messages. In this paper, we propose a new automatic email multi-category classification method using NMF for automatic category label construction method and dynamic category hierarchy method for the reorganization of email messages in the category labels. The proposed method in this paper, a large number of emails are managed efficiently by classifying multi-category email automatically, email messages in their category are reorganized for enhancing accuracy whenever users want to classify all their email messages.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.429-449
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• 2019

The purpose of this research is both to analyse the dynamics of welfare pluralism in the personal social service policy for elderly British people and to provide policy implications based on analysis of the post World War II time era up until the end of the New Labour Government. Content analysis of government and parliament reports, minutes, scripts for party conferences, legislations, declassified government documents, and institutes' reports of the Conservative, Labour, and New Labour Governments from 1945 to 2010 shows that the governments played only assistive roles in welfare pluralism at any given point in time. The negative experiences of elderly British can be attributed to the unbalanced structure of roles held by public and private institutions for personal social services. They ultimately have important policy implications for the foundation of welfare pluralism in elderly Korean community care by the Moon Jae-in government.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.86-91
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• 2007

Background: Actigraphy is a reliable and valid method for assessing sleep in normal, healthy populations, but it may be less reliable and valid for detecting disturbed sleep in patients. In this study, we attempted to assess the utility of actigraphy in the estimation of sleep quality in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), a major sleep disorder. Method: We analyzed the data of patients who underwent polysomnography (PSG) and actigraphy simultaneously for one night at the Center for Sleep and Chronobiology, Seoul National University Hospital from November 2004 to March 2006. Eighty-nine subjects with OSAS alone and 21 subjects with OSAS and periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD) were included for final data analyses between groups. Polysomnographic and actigraphic data were also compared. Results: In subjects with mild OSAS (RDI<15), modretae ($15{\leq}RDI$<30), and OSAS with PLMD, PSG and actigraphy did not show significant difference in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. However in severe ($30{\leq}RDI$) OSAS subjects, PSG and actigraphy showed significant difference in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. In all patients, no correlations were found between sleep parameters from PSG and from those using actigraphy. Conclusions: We suggest that in severe OSAS patients, PSG is the diagnostic tool. In mild and moderate cases, actigraphy might be used as a screening tool.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.345-346
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• 2013

Painting and Photography have been developed by exchanging the influence mutually as a new expressive form of art, and the medium and the genre in terms of formal experiments. Variety of artistic fields such as theater, film, art, photography, literature, dance, music abuse the idea of Interdisciplinary Art in the name of art via digital process based hybrid media arts.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.1211-1214
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• 2000

의사잡음(PN) 부호는 이상적인 자기상관특성을 갖지 못한다. 본 논문에서는 이상적인 자기상관 특성을 갖지 못하는 PN 부호에 대하여 이상적인 자기상관 특성을 가지도록 하여 동기 직접확산 부호분할 다원접속(DS/CDMA)시스템에서 부가적인 하드웨어 복잡성의 큰 증가 없이 간섭제거가 가능한 수신기 구조를 제안한다. PN 부호 오프셋을 사용하여 사용자 부호를 할당하고, 제안한 수신기 알고리즘을 PN 부호 오프셋을 사용한 시스템에 적용하여 다원접속 간섭 신호가 제거됨을 보이며 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통하여 이를 확인한다.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.289-294
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• 2018

This paper proposes an implicit d-ary priority queue, called AM(d)-heap that is a generalized version of AM-heap, in which insert operation takes constant amortized time and remove operation takes O(logn) time. According to our experimental results, the best performance was shown when d is 4 or 8. Also, AM(d)-heap is about 1.5~1.8 times faster than the postorder heap.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this paper is to study the possible differences in clinical and polysomnographic findings, depending on the presence or absence of subjective complaints of abnormal sleep behavior, in patients with RWA on polysomnography. Method: We reviewed patient records and polysomnographic data of patients referred to the Sleep Laboratory at Seoul National University Hospital from June 1996 through October 2002. We defined the manifest RBD group (n=32) as patients having both complaints of abnormal sleep behavior and RWA on polysomnography. The latent RBD group (n=20) consisted of patients who exhibited RWA on polysomnography but did not complain of abnormal sleep behavior. The clinical characteristics and polysomnographic findings between the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: Fifty-two subjects had RWA, as detected by polysomnography (42 males and 10 females, mean age of $55.1{\pm}19.1\;years$). Subjects in the manifest RBD group were significantly older than those in the latent RBD group ($61.59{\pm}13.5$ vs. $44.70{\pm}2.76\;years$, independent t-test, p<0.01). More subjects in the manifest RBD group exhibited abnormal REM behavior on polysomnography than did subjects in the latent RBD group (81.3 vs. 50.0%, Fisher's exact test, p<0.05). No significant differences between the groups were found in the prevalence of brain disorders and primary sleep disorders, gender proportion, and sleep architecture. Conclusion: No difference in sleep architecture was found between the manifest and the latent RBD groups. Only age and the presence of abnormal sleep behavior on polysomnography differentiated the two groups. We suggest that RWA on polysomnography without complaints of abnormal sleep behavior may be early manifestation of manifest RBD. Attention to RWA on polysomnography is necessary to help prevent full-blown RBD from developing.

• Water for future
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.41-43
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• 1995