• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate changes in composition of ginsenosides and color of processed ginsengs prepared by different steaming-drying times. Processed ginsengs were prepared from white ginseng with skin by 9-time repeated steaming at $96^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours and followed by hot air-drying at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. As the times of steaming processes increased, lightness (L value) decreased and redness (a value) increased in color of ginseng powders. Crude saponin contents and ginsenosides compositions in processed ginsengs prepared by different steaming-drying times were investigated using the HPLC method, respecively. Crude saponin contents according to increasing steaming-drying times decreased in some degree. In the case of major ginsenosides, the contents of $Rb_1$, $Rb_2$, Rc, Rd, Rf, Re, $RG_1$, Re were decreased with increase in steamimg times, but those of $Rh_1$, $Rg_3$, $Rk_1$ were increased after especially 3 times of steaming processes. Interestingly, in black ginseng were prepared by 9 times steaming processes, the content of ginsenoside $Rg_3$ was 8.20 mg/g, approximately 18 times higher than that (0.46 mg/g) in red ginseng. In addition, the ratio of the protopanaxadiol group and protopanaxatiol group (PD/PT) were increased from 1.9 to 8.4 due to increasing times of steamming process.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.129-145
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• 1995

SeaBeam2000, a multibeam echo sounder, is a new generation seabed mapping system of which a single swath covers an angular range of -60.deg. to 60.deg. from the vertical direction with 121 beams. It provides high-density and high-quality bathymetric data along with sidescan acoustic data. The purpose of the research is to develop a system for processing multibeam underwater acoustic and bathymetric data using digital signal processing techniques. Recently obtained multibeam echo sounder data covering a survey area in the East Sea of Korea ($37{\circ}$.00'N to $37{\circ}$30'N and $129{\circ}$40'E to $130{\circ}$30'E) are preliminarily processed using the developed system and reproduced in the raster image format as well as three dimensionally visualized form.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.265-265
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• 2015

기후변화에 대비하여 한정된 수자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위한 제도적 규제는 앞으로 기업의 제품 생산에서 발생하는 오염까지 확대될 전망이다. 기관투자가 등이 지원하는 영국의 NPO인 탄소정보공개프로젝트(CDP)는 2010년부터 온실가스배출량과 함께 물 사용 상황을 공개할 것을 전 세계 기업에 요구했다. 이에 따라 전 세계에서 탄소발자국과 물발자국에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행 중에 있다. 우선 본 연구는 선진국을 중심으로 진행되고 있는 물발자국 개념의 활용현황을 분석하였다. 호주와 미국을 비롯한 일부 국가에서는 물발자국의 라벨 제도를 도입하여 기업의 제품에 대한 등급을 구분하고 있다. 라벨의 부착은 인증기관의 검토를 통하여 기존 제품보다 물 사용 효율이 높다는 것을 의미하며, 물발자국 라벨제도는 제품 생산의 전 과정 환경성 평가를 통하여 기업이나 제품의 물발자국 관련 영향을 줄이는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 또한 스페인에서는 물발자국을 물의 효율적인 분배와 사용을 위한 정책적 요소로 도입하였다. 이상의 분석을 바탕으로 물발자국의 기술적 활용 및 효과를 도출하기 위하여 법과 제도적 측면, 기술적 측면에서 살펴보았으며, 우리나라의 현황과 비교를 진행하였다. 이와 관련하여 분야별 기술 사업에 대한 목표와 최종성과물, 활용방안을 정리하여 해당 개념의 주요쟁점사항에 대해 기술적, 정책적으로 타당한지를 지표를 설정하여 분석하였다. 물발자국의 활용에서 기술적 타당성에 대한 지표는 적절성, 성공가능성, 우수성, 경제성 측면에서 제시가 되었으며, 정책적 타당성은 해당계획 및 기업 및 지자체의 추진의지, 위험요인, 특수평가 항목을 통해 개업 및 지자체의 물발자국 활용 타당성을 분석하였다. 이상을 바탕으로 본 연구에서는, 물발자국 도입을 위한 종합평가로서 AHP 분석을 실시하여 물발자국 도입을 위한 중요도와 종합목적 및 위기상황에 따른 대체안을 설정할 수 있도록 우선순위를 도출하였다. 현재 우리나라는 본격적인 정책적 도입에 앞서 개념의 정의, 정책 공감대의 확대, 한국형 데이터베이스를 구축하는 시범단계에 있다. 물 산업의 확대와 우리 기업들의 해외진출은 가상수와 물발자국의 데이터베이스의 구축이 시급하다는 것을 보여준다. 따라서 본 연구는 앞으로 우리나라의 물발자국 도입을 위한 방향을 설정할 수 있는 기초연구로서 큰 의미를 지니며, 기업의 물산업 전략을 수립을 위한 지표 설정에 있어서도 기초자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.494-501
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• 2020

This study is aimed at exploring the effects of forest experience activities on promoting children's community spirit. To achieve this, a pre-post survey was empirically carried out with 40 children at Kindergarten A in the city of Chungnam. The comprehensive findings showed a significant difference between the experimental group, which had forest experience activities, and the control group, which had outdoor activities based on the existing Nuri curriculum. Based on a pre-test for intimacy, emotion, mutual public awareness, and participation consciousness as sub-factors of community spirit, which adopted all the research hypotheses, the results suggest that the forest kindergarten will become an educational place for children. Consequently, personality education using nature in forest kindergartens can become an excellent goal, helping to boost the development of children's sensitivity and emotional stability through awakening the five senses; building up self-awareness, self-reliance, and trust; learning consideration and respect for others; and developing positive attitudes, sociality, potential, imagination, and creativity through forest activities with their peers.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2024

The Korean launch vehicle (KSLV-II) has used commercial aviation jet fuel, Jet A-1. Fuel specifications were introduced from Jet A-1 specifications. However, specifications and inspection methods of moisture and particulate matters were changed digitally for convenience and accuracy. To control fuel quality, a fuel management system was established to determine suitability by inspecting it at each stage of warehousing, storage, and application. An analysis room was then established at the Naro Space Center. The possibility of fuel mixing was blocked by warehousing inspection. Long-term component changes were then observed by storage inspection. Finally, suitability of the engine test or the launch vehicle test was determined through application inspection. Long-term analysis verified that the space center's fuel oil storage method was appropriate and that the quality management system was able to handle hundreds of engine tests and several flight tests.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.76-89
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• 2014

The functions of urban park including health related benefit and climate adaptation and mitigation are expanding. However, in-depth research and discourse on the equitable distribution of expanded park function has been limited so far. Following research suggests Green Welfare concept to reflect distributive equity and multifunctionality in the process of urban park policy development and execution. This study developed park welfare indices to analyze disparities of neighborhood urban park(NUP) distribution viewed from green welfare by literature review. The findings analyzed through the Correlation Analysis and Cluster Analysis by SPSS 18.0. The results of the study are as follows. First, green welfare is defined as "to receive equitable benefits and participate in the delivery process of green services which are promoting health and securing safety from climate change risks for every citizen by life cycle regardless of socioeconomic status". Second, NUP per person in Seoul indicate meaningful differences by socioeconomic and environmental status of Seoul administrative districts. Park welfare indices correlated to NUP per person were shown population density(negative), percentage of individuals $aged{\geq}65$(positive), percentage of self-reliance of local finance(positive), flood and air pollution vulnerability by climate change(negative). Third, the cluster analysis identifies three significant clusters that indicate differences of park welfare level. Thus, it was found that NUP in Seoul from a green welfare perspective was provided disproportionately. Future urban park policy in Seoul was required equitable distribution of multifunctionality of park beyond quantitative expansion, and priority consideration should be given to park service consumer.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.273-289
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• 2013

The goal of this study was to analyze the demands of parents of an after-school program. In order to do this, we looked at cultural centers and their curriculums. Cultural centers are one of the most popular private education centers for preschoolers, and are used for the operation of special activities. The research was conducted on preschool curriculums of 300 cultural centers, including cultural centers of department stores and supermarkets. The curriculum analysis was conducted for 400 preschool curriculums of three cultural centers, which had the most programs of all. The scope of the curriculum analysis was based on the 3rd Childcare Standard Curriculum for infants and Nuri Curriculum for preschoolers. As a result of the analysis, there were 12,286 programs for infants. The most popular topics for programs were comprehensive activity, physical activity, and music activity. There were 15,310 programs for preschoolers. Physical activity was the most popular topic among them. It was followed by drawing activity and number and operating activity. Analyzing the contents of these programs, we found that 'participating in physical activity' of physical exercise, and 'expressing artistically' of artistic experience were the most popular contents of infants. 'Expressing artistically' of artistic experience and 'control of body and basic exercise' of physical exercise were most popular contents for preschoolers. The results show that parents demand physical activity programs for infants and artistic activity programs for preschoolers. The results of the research should be considered when childcare centers try to make a special after-school program.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.287-301
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• 2008

In order to develop a new depigmenting agent, extracts were obtained from 60 native plants and their antimelanogenic activities were screened by evaluating the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase which is a major enzyme responsibles for the melanin synthesis. The extracts of Trichosanthes kirilowii fruits, Phyllostachys bambusoides inner films (BIF), Clerodendrum trichotomum leaves, and Acer okamotoanum leaves showed relatively high inhibitory effect on tyrosinase and their $IC_{50}$ values were $50{\sim}100{\mu}g/mL$. The extract of BIF inhibited melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 52%, which was the highest among those of various extracts. Furthermore, the effect of BIF extract is 10% higher than that of arbutin (42%), a popular depigmenting agent in Korea. Ten compounds having antimelanogenic activity were isolated from the BIF extract by solvent extraction and chromatography. These compounds were identified as phenolic derivatives: SM701, SM702, SM703, and BPR211 were hydroquinone derivatives; SM707 a gallic acid derivative; SM704, SM705, SM706, SM708 and SM709 ferulic acid derivatives. The free radical scavenging activities of these compounds were measured and compared to those of hydroquinone and vitamin C. The $SC_{50}$ values scavenging 50% DPPH of SM702 and SM709 were $60{\sim}70{\mu}M$ similar to that of hydroquinone and those of SM701 and SM708 were $30{\sim}40{\mu}M$ slightly lower than that of vitamin C. These results suggest the presence of components having high antioxidant activity in the BIF extract. The SM709, identified as 1,2-O-diferulylglycerol, inhibited the activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopa oxidase by 18 and 60%, respectively. The SM709 also inhibited the melanin synthesis of B16F10 melanoma cells by 62% and this was the highest antimelanogenic activity among those obtained from the various purified compounds. Therefore, antimelanogenic activity of the BIF extract was concluded to be due to both inhibition of DOPA oxidase and antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-18
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• 2017

Water glass is much cheaper than silicon alkoxide, so it has advantage for commercialization. A condensation by acid catalyst makes considerable effect about the properties of water glass based silica aerogel among many factors in silica aerogel process. The pore structural properties of water glass based silica aerogel such as specific surface area and pore size distribution have been investigated through the changes in the amount and the kinds of acid catalyst. It has been confirmed that water glass based silica aerogel is affected by various conditions of catalyst in the condensation reaction such as the kind, concentration, and the amount of mole of acid catalyst on the properties of final products. Especially, it is checked that the effect of mole of acid is more prominent than that of concentration. In the case for conventional method with introducing 4M HCl in condensation step, the silica aerogel could be synthesized which has $394m^2/g$ of specific surface area, 2.20 cc/g of pore volume, 22.3 nm of average pore size, and 92.53% of porosity. On the other hand, when 4M sulfuric acid was used with 73 mmol at the condensation step of water glass based silica aerogel, the pore structural characteristics of water based silica aerogel showed better properties than the case of using HCl, for example, specific surface area was measured as $516m^2/g$, and pore volume, average pore diameter, and porosity were obtained as 3.10 cc/g, 24.1 nm, and 96.1%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.743-748
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• 2019

This study suggested a process of redesigning and implementing problem based learning to enhance students' active and collaborative learning activities and learning outcomes. The results of this study are as follows. First, the ef ect of class participation, academic self-regulated learning, and academic self-efficacy were examined. As a result, first, the average of learning activity, class extension, and participation in class was high in the difference between before and after class. Second, the post average scores of all the factors except the 'evaluation' were higher than before. Third, academic self-efficacy showed a significant difference only in 'task preference'. Finally, students' satisfaction with the class was also high. The professor was also able to grasp the characteristics of individual students by designing and operating the classes using PBL, and it was confirmed that the interaction with students increased. Based on the results of this study, we discussed the limitations and educational implications of the problem based learning class and propose successful problem based learning design and operation of the classroom.