• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.109-111
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• 2006

본 논문은 애니메이터로 하여금 얼굴 표정들의 공간으로부터 일련의 표정을 선택하게 함으로써 3차원 아바타의 표정을 실시간적으로 제어할 수 있도록 하기 위한 표정공간의 생성방법에 관하여 기술한다. 본 시스템에서는 약 2400여개의 얼굴 표정 프레임을 이용하여 표정공간을 구성하였다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정을 표시하는 상태표현으로 얼굴특징 점들 간의 상호거리를 표시하는 거리행렬을 사용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합을 표정공간으로 한다. 그러나 이 표정공간은 한 표정이 다른 표정까지 이동할 때 두 표정간의 직선경로를 통해 이동할 수 있는 그런 공간이 아니다. 본 기법에서는 한 표정에서 다른 표정까지 거쳐 갈 수 있는 경로를 캡쳐된 표정 데이터로부터 근사적으로 유추한다. 우선, 각 표정상태를 표현하는 거리행렬간의 거리가 일정 값 이하인 경우 두 표정을 인접해 있다고 간주한다. 임의의 두 표정 상태가 일련의 인접표정들의 집합으로 연결되어 있으면 두 표정간에 경로가 존재한다고 간주한다. 한 표정에서 다른 표정으로 변화할 때 두 표정간의 최단경로를 통해 이동한다고 가정한다. 두 표정간의 최단거리를 구하기 위해 다이내믹 프로그래밍 기법을 이용한다. 이 거리행렬의 집합인 표정공간은 다차원 공간이다. 3차원 아바타의 얼굴 표정 제어는 애니메이터들이 표정공간을 항해할 때 실시간적으로 수행된다. 이를 도와주기 위해 표정공간을 차원 스케일링 기법을 이용하여 2차원 공간으로 가시화하였고, 애니메이터들로 하여금 본 시스템을 사용하여 실시간 표정 제어를 수행하게 했는데, 본 논문은 그 결과를 평가한다.참여하는 빈들 간의 관계를 분석하여 워크플로우에 대한 성능 측정이 가능하도록 한다. 또한 제안된 메트릭을 통하여 EJB 어플리케이션의 성능 향상을 도모할 수 있도록 한다.로 표면 위로 자라났고, 부종은 창상 밑 조직까지 감소하였으며, 육아조직은 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 창상 유발 21일 후, 다른 창상에 비해, HG 처치창은 유의적으로 창상 표면이 거의 재생성 상피로 덮였으며, 육아조직은 창상 유발 14일 후와 비교해서 유의적으로 교원질 섬유로 대체되었다. 위의 모든 결과에서 보듯이, 개에서 전층피부 창상의 처치 시 HG의 사용은 HC와 생리 식염수에 비해 창상치유 복구기의 치유 속도를 촉진하는 것으로 사료된다.시범학교의 자녀를 들 부모들은 환경관련문제에 대한 의식 및 환경관련 제품에 대한 구매행동의 변화가 두드러지게 나타났다.EX>$d^{2+}$ + SA처리구는 두 화합물의 이중 효과에 의해 전반적인 생리 활성을 억제하여, 결국에는 식물의 고사를 유도하는 것으로 사료된다.목에 대한 보안'이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 솔루션 선정요인에 관한 중요도를 e-마켓플레이스의 유형과 산업 별로 평가해보았는데, 여기에서 밝혀진 중요도를 통해 e 마켓플레이스를 구축하고 자 하는 기업은 솔루션을 자체 개발하거나 구입할 때 올바른 의사결정을 할 수 있다. 그리고 솔루션을 제공하려는 기업측면에서는 e-마켓플레이스를 구축하고자 하는 기업에게 유형과 산업별로 적절한 솔루션을 제공할 수 있다.순환이 뇌대사 및 수술 후 신경학적 결과에 보다 유익한 효과를 제공해 줄 수 있음

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.471-479
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• 1999

Background: Patients with tetralogy of Fallot(TOF), pulmonary atresia(PA) and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries(MAPCAs) have been managed by heterogenous surgical strategies. We have taken 5 different surgical approaches to this lesion. In this study, relative advantages and disadvantages of each strategy were discussed by analyzing our surgical results. Material and Method: Between January 1986 and June 1998, 50 patients aged 1 to 177(39${\pm}$31) months at a various morphologic spectrum of this lesion were treated at our institution. The groups, which were classified according to the initial approaches, consisted of one-stage unifocalization(A-1, n=9), staged unifocalization(A-2, n=11), right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection(RV-PA)(B-1, n=11), one-stage RV-PA plus unifocalization (B-2, n=11), and one-stage definitive repair(C, n=8). Morphologic charateristics, operative mortalities, and probabilities of definitive repair were compared between the groups and the causes of death, complications and the follow-up results were described. Result: Mean ages at the first operation were 57${\pm}$18(A-1), 42${\pm}$48(A-2), 18${\pm}$14(B-1), 52${\pm}$55(B-2), and 32${\pm}$34(C) months (p<0.05). Mean numbers of MAPCAs were least in group C (A-1=4.3${\pm}$1.0, A-2=4.5${\pm}$1.3, B-1=4.1${\pm}$1.9, B-2=4.1${\pm}$1.6, C=3.4${\pm}$1.8 : p<0.05). The ratios of the direct and the indirect MAPCAs in each group were not different between the grousps (A-1=91%/9%, A-2=78%/22%, B-1=80%/20%, B-2=80%/20%, C=81%/19% : p>0.05). Nineteen patients had more than 1 dependent MAPCAs. True pulmonary arteries were not present 13 patients and they were confluent in 29. A total of 101 operations were performed. Operative mortalities of initial procedures were 33%(3/9, A-1), 18%(2/11, A-2), 0%(0/11, B-1), 36%(5/11, B-2) and 13%(1/8, C) (p<0.05). Percentages of the definitive repair among the patients of each group were 22%(2/9, A-1), 18%(2/11, A-2). 45%(5/11, B-1), 27%(4/11, B-2), and 100%(8/8, C)(p<0.05). Hypoxic respiratory and cardiac failure(6), hypoxic encephalopathy(2) and sepsis(4) were the major causes of death. Phrenic nerve palsy occured in 5 patients. Thirty-one patients among the survivals have been followed up for a mean duration of 74${\pm}$42(3-145) months. One and five year actuarial survival rates were 73% and 73 %. Conclusion: In conclusion, Right ventricle to pulmonary artery connection used in patients with TOF/PA/MAPCA as an inital procedure appeared to be highly successful in enhancing the chance of satisfactory definitive repair without the significant surgical risks. One-stage total repair at an ealier age group could be performed safely with the resonable outcomes. Unifocalization approach, whether it was performed in a single stage or in the multiple stages, resulted in the high operative mortality and the lowest chance of definitive repair, however more tailored selection of the patients and the long follow-up is mandatory to prove the usefulness of this approach.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.698-703
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• 2001

Background: Endovascular stent-graft insertion in aortic diseases is now generally accepted as an attractive alternative treatment modality. We reviewed our clinical experiences of endovascular stent-graft insertion in thoracic aorta. Material and Method: Since 1995, we performed 8 cases of endovasclar stent-graft insertion. Preoperative diagnoses were aortic aneurysms in 4, traumatic aortic ruptures in 3, and ruptured aortic pseudoaneurysm in 1. All procedures were performed in angiography room with the guidance of fluoroscopy. The stent-graft device is a custom-made 0.35mm thickness Z-shaped stainless steel wires, intertwined with each other using polypropylene suture ligation. It is covered with expanded Dacron vascular graft. Result: All procedures were performed successfully. Follow-up studies revealed 2 minimal perigraft leakages. There was no significant leakage or graft migration. 2 patients expired due to multiple organ failure and fungal sepsis. Other survivors(6) are doing well. Conclusion: Endovascular stent-graft insertion is relatively saft and effective treatment modality in the managment of various types of aortic diseases. In may be an effective alternative in aortic diseases of great surgical risk.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1276-1283
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• 2014

Cell adhesion molecules determine the cell-cell binding and the interactions between cells and extracellular signals. Cell-cell junctional complexes, which maintain the structural integrity of tissues, consist of more than 50 proteins including multi-PDZ domain protein 1 (MUPP1). MUPP1 contains 13 postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains and serves a scaffolding function for transmembrane proteins and cytoskeletal proteins or signaling proteins, but the mechanism how MUPP1 links and stabilizes the juxtamembrane proteins has not yet been elucidated. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with PDZ domains of MUPP1. We found an interaction between MUPP1 and cell adhesion molecule 1 (Cadm1, also known as SynCAM1, Necl-2, or TSLC1). Cadm1 bound to the second PDZ domain of MUPP1. The carboxyl (C)-terminal end of Cadm1 has a type II PDZ-association motif (-Y-F-I) which was essential for the interaction with MUPP1 in the yeast two-hybrid assay. MUPP1 also bound to the C-terminal cytoplasmic tail region of other Cadm family members (Cadm2, Cadm3, and Cadm4). In addition, these protein-protein interactions were observed in the glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay and by co-immunoprecipitation. Anti-MUPP1 antibody co-immunoprecipitated Cadm1 and Cadm4 with MUPP1 from mouse brain extracts. These results suggest that MUPP1 could mediate interaction between Cadms and cytoskeletal proteins.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.796-803
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• 2008

Mutations in the APP gene lead to enhanced cleavage by ${\beta}-$ and ${\gamma}-secretase$, and increased $A{\beta}$ formation, which are closely associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes. Recent studies have shown that exercise training can ameliorate pathogenic phenotypes ($A{\beta}-42$, BDNF, GLUT-1 and HSP70) in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease. Here, we have used NSE/APPsw transgenic mice to investigate directly whether exercise training ameliorates pathogenic phenotypes within Alzheimer's brains. Sixteen weeks of exercise training resulted in a reduction of $A{\beta}-42$ peptides and also facilitated improvement of cognitive function. Furthermore, GLUT -1 and BDNF proteins produced by exercise training may protect brain neurons by inducing the concomitant expression of genes that encode proteins (HSP-70) which suppress stress induced neuron cell damages from APPsw transgenic mice. Thus, the improved cognitive function by exercise training may be mechanistically linked to a reduction of $A{\beta}-42$ peptides, possibly via activation of BDNF, GLUT-1, and HSP-70 proteins. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, exercise training may represent a practical therapeutic management strategy for human subjects suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2010

Purpose: It has been reported that children with hypopituitarism have features of metabolic syndrome, including obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, and dyslipidemia. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and liver histology of pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) associated with hypopituitarism. Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of 11 children diagnosed with NAFLD among patients with hypopituitarism. Results: The mean age at the time of diagnosis of hypopituitarism was 10.4${\pm}$3.2 years, and the mean age at the time of diagnosis of NAFLD was 13.1${\pm}$2.7 years. A craniopharyngioma was the most common cause of pituitary dysfunction. At the time of diagnosis of NAFLD, 9 patients (82%) had a body mass index greater than the 85th percentile, 5 patients (45%) had elevated fasting blood glucose levels, and 9 patients (82%) had hypertriglyceridemia. The mean height SD score was significantly lower at the time of diagnosis of NAFLD than at the time of diagnosis of hypopituitarism. Of the six patients who were biopsied, one had cirrhosis, two had non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with bridging fibrosis, two had NASH with mild portal fibrosis, and one had simple steatosis. Conclusion: Children with hypopituitarism are at risk of short stature, obesity, dyslipidemia, and NAFLD. The early diagnosis of NAFLD is important in children with hypopituitarism because advanced fibrosis is common.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 2003

Co-ordinate growth of the brain and skull is achieved through a series of tissue interactions between the developing brain, the growing bones of the skull and the sutures that unite the bones. Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of cranial sutures, presumably involves disturbance of these interactions. Bmp2, one of bone morphogenetic proteins (Bmps), is involved in the regulation of the shapes of individual bones and the relative proportions of the skeleton. Mutations in the homeobox gene Msx2, known as a downstream gene of Bmp, cause Boston-type human craniosynostosis. The phenotype of Dlx5 homozygote mutant mouse presents craniofacial abnormalities including a delayed ossification of calvarial bone. These facts suggest important roles of Bmp2, Msx2 and Dlx5 genes in the cranial bone growth and suture morphogenesis. To elucidate the function of these molecules in the early morphogenesis of mouse cranial sutures, we first analyzed by in situ hybridization the expression of Bmp2(E15-18), Msx2 and Dlx5 genes in the developing sagittal suture of calvaria during the embryonic stage. Bmp2 mRNA was intensely expressed in the osteogenic fronts and also at the low level in the periosteum of parietal bones during embryonic stage, Msx2 mRNA was intensely expressed in the sutural mesenchyme and mildly expressed in the dura mater during the embryonic stage. Dlx5 mRNA was intensely expressed osteogenic fronts and parietal bones. To further examine the role of Bmp signaling in cranial suture, we did in vitro experiments in E15.5 mouse calvarial explants. Interestingly, implantation of Bmp2-soaked beads onto the osteogenic fronts after 48 hours organ culture resulted in the increase of the tissue thickness and cell number around Bmp2 beads, compared to BSA control beads. In addition Bmp2 induced etopic expressions of Msx2 and Dlx5 genes. On the other hand, overexpression of FGF2 did not induce the expression of Msx2 and Dlx5. Taken together, these data indicate that Bmp2 signaling molecule has a important role in regulating the cranial bone growth and early morphogenesis of cranial suture. We also suggest that Bmp signaling is involved in all the stages of osteogenesis of cranial bones and the maintenance of cranial suture by regulating Msx2 and Dlx5 genes, and that Msx2 and Dlx5 genes are specific transcription factors of Bmp signaling pathway.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-44
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• 2023

Hexagram Bi (比 ䷇ 8) is one of the hexagrams comprised of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines. The hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolize the relationship and dynamics between one yang-consciousness and the five-yin unconsciousness. The hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines has six different images depending on the position of the one unbroken line from the beginning line to the top line. In terms of psychology, this means that the position change of one yang line in relation to five yin lines may symbolize the function of consciousness which clarifies and determines the content of the psyche. In addition, the flow of psychic energy can be examined through the process of one unbroken line's movement. In other words, the psychic contents of the beginning line of hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), which is the beginning of the hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines, proceed sequentially, and then arrive at the process of the last sixth, hexagram Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) through the fifth, the hexagram Bi (8). That is, it can be said that the content of the hexagram and the line determined according to the position of one unbroken line show a certain psychic flow. As a result, the first hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), after recovering and starting newly, means the beginning of consciousness. After that the process of proceeding with the second, third, and fourth lines represents the flow of consciousness. And in the fifth place, the fifth line of hexagram Bi, it reaches its peak and is placed in the optimal state of consciousness because of its right and centered position at this hexagram Bi. Like nature, the psyche gradually enters the path of decline from the highest state, which leads to the last sixth, the top line of hexagram Bak. However, the top line of the hexagram Bak, where everything falls off, contains the content of starting again in its top line. It is the beginning line of hexagram Bok to inherit this. This means the circumambulation of the psyche that changes from a psychologically difficult state of depression to a stage of recovery. There is a stage that must be passed in this circulation process, and that is the hexagram Gon (坤 ䷁ 2). October(tenth month)'s hexagram Gon is placed between hexagram Bak, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, and hexagram Bok, the eleventh month of the lunar calendar. This represents that the flow of recovery must go through a maternal process of hexagram Gon. The retreat to the psychological uterus is inevitable in regenerating the psyche. This process flows from the hexagram Bak and through hexagram Gon to the hexagram Bok. At this situation the hexagram Gon acts the absolutely necessary role. In addition, the main body of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, including the Bi hexagram, is also the Gon hexagram composed of six-broken lines. In other words, all six hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines have a certain relationship with the Gon hexagram, and it would be meaningful to look at the correlation between the unbroken lines of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines and the corresponding broken lines of the hexagram Gon. This can be said to be the dynamics of the maternal unconscious connected to the state of consciousness in six forms. Therefore, each hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolizes the expression of the integration the mother archetype with the consciousness. Revealing this well is the meaning of the hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. Its hexagram image consists of a combination of Gon (☷), which symbolizes the mother, and the thunder (☳) the eldest son, the water (☵) the middle son and the mountain (☶) the third son. As a result, the hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), Sa (師 ䷆ 7), Gyeom (謙 ䷠ 15), Ye (豫 ䷏ 16), Bi (比 ䷇ 8) and Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) are sequentially created in the order of the unbroken line. This is symbolically the evolutionary process of consciousness. In this way, the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, which mean the conjunction of mother and son, represent the advancing relationship between the maternal unconscious and consciousness. In addition, the relationship with the mother according to the position of the son is related to the dynamics of mother archetype to the attitude of consciousness. The psychological meaning can be deduced from the flow of six lines of hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. And the state in which the activation of the consciousness is at its peak is the fifth line of the hexagram Bi, and comparing it with the contents of the corresponding fifth line of hexagram Gon not only can find the state and meaning of the conjunction of consciousness and the maternal unconscious, but the entire flow can be compared to the individuation process.