• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.99-108
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• 1999

선천성 대사 이상은 다양한 뇌질환으로 나타낸다. 일반적으로 이 질환들은 하나 또는 둘이상의 대사경로에 대한 생화학적 이상에 원인이 있다. 정상적 생화학적 산물의 결핍이나 비정상적 산물의 축적에 의한 뇌기능 이상에 의해 임상증상이 나타내게 되는데 그 증상은 대개 경기, 경직성, 발육지연 등으로 비특이적이고 영상소견도 마찬가지로 비특이적이다. 대사 이상에 있어서의 신경병변은 일부 뇌백질을 주로 침범하는 경우를 제외하면 대부분 뇌백질을 침범하고 따라서 일반적으로 일차성 뇌백질 질환이 대사성 뇌질환을 일컫는다고 할 수가 있다. 뇌백질 질환은 뇌백질의 구성원중 가장 큰 부분을 차지하는 수초(myelin)를 침범하는 질환을 일컫는다. 중추신경계의 백질은 수초로 싸여있는 축삭(axon)과 선경교세포 (neuroglial cell) 및 혈관 등으로 구성되어 있으며, 이중 대부분을 수초가 차지하고 이 수초로 인하여 정상 뇌백질이 흰색을 나타낸다. 백질내의 신경교세포로는 성상세포 (astrocyte) 와 핍지세포 (oligodendrocyte)가 있으며 신 경교세포의 가장 중요한 기능은 핍지세포에 의한 축삭의 외피화 (ensheathment) 즉, 수초이다. 수초는 핍지세포의 세포질 돌기 (cytoplasmic process)의 일부이며 따라서 수초의 생존과 대사는 핍지세포와 운명을 같이한다. 일반적으로 세포의 생존, 대사와 가장 관련있는 기능은 세포질내에 함유되어 있는 구조물인 소기관(organelle)에 의하여 수행된다. 따라서, 비록 모든 소기관들이 백질 질환을 이르키는데 직접 연관되어 있지는 않더라도 수초의 생존과 대사에는 핍지세포의 소기관들이 매우 중요한 역할을 하게 된다. 세포질내 중요한 소기관으로는 세포 막, 미토콘드리아 (mitochondria), endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi 체, lysosome, peroxisome 그리고 세포질등이 있으며, 이들중에서 lysosomes, peroxisomes, 그리고 미토콘드리아가 특정한 유전성 백질질환에 중요한 역할을 하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 이러한 질환들은 최소한 각 소기관에 의한 질환군으로 분류될 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 1996

Objects : To investigate the relationship between the age of onset with the atrophy and the white matter hyperintensities observed in the brain MRI of Alzheimer patients. Methods : The authors measured volumetrically cortical and ventricular brain atrophy and rated semiquantitatively white matter signal hyperintensities in nine presenile and 18 senile Alzheimer patients, who were matched for dementia severity, according to NINCDS-ADRDA criteria and in age-matched 10 presenile and 11 senile control subjects. Results : Presenile Alzheimer patients showed significantly greater cortical and ventricular atrophy indices(p<0.05) but no difference in white matter hyperintensity scores compared to the age-matched control group. On the contrary, senile Alzheimer patients showed significantly greater white matter hyperintensity scores(p<0.05) but no difference in cortical and ventricular atrophy indices compared to the age-matched control group. Conclusion : An earlier onset was related to marked brain atrophy with less white matter lesions and a later onset is related to marked white matter lesions with less brain atrophy in Alzheimer's disease. Our results suggested the passible difference in the pathophysiology between the presenile and the senile-onset Alzheimer's disease.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.431-433
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 뇌의 자기공명(이하 MR로 줄임) 영상에서 양측 대뇌반구의 뇌백질과 뇌회백질의 추출에 관하여 연구하였다. MR 영상은 특정 장기에서 일정한 gray level 값을 유지하는 전산화단층촬영(이하 CT로 줄임) 영상과는 달리 사람마다 gray level 값이 다르며 한 사람에 대해서도 각 슬라이스에 따라 gray level 값이 다르므로 각 슬라이스별로 조직의 특성을 파악하여 백질과 회백질의 추출에 이용하였다. 먼저 뇌를 둘러싸고 있는 두피, 근육, 두개골과 함께 안구를 제거한 후 두 개강 내에 위치한 뇌간과 소뇌의 특성을 차례로 인식하여 대뇌반구로부터 분리한 후 제거하였다. 또한 추출된 대뇌의 영상으로부터 백질과 회백질의 체적을 구하고, 뇌신경게 진단방사선과 전문의의 manual 작업과 비교하여 본 논문에서 제시한 방법의 정확도를 검증하였다.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.194-200
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• 2018

Objectives : The significance of leukoaraiosis on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is uncertain, but it is often seen with vascular risk factors or in the context of cognitive impairment. We aimed to investigate the effect of leukoaraiosis on the severity and course of delirium. Methods : Periventricular hyperintensity and deep white matter hyperintensity on brain MRI were rated in 42 patients with delirium by semiquantative visual rating scale. Correlations between their grades and the scores of Korean version of Delirium Rating Scale-Revised-98 (K-DRS-R-98) were analyzed, and the interaction effects between the groups according to the levels of leukoaraiosis and two evaluation points were also analyzed. Results : The grade of deep white matter hyperintensity in the occipital lobe was positively correlated with the scores on the total, severity items, cognitive items, and non-cognitive items of K-DRS-R-98. The cognitive items scores of K-DRS-R-98 in the low grade group of periventricular hyperintensity showed significantly steeper decrease than the high grade group. Conclusions : A difference in severity or recovery speed of delirium according to the level of leukoaraiosis may result from disruption in brain functional connectivity. Our results have a clinical implication in that the severity and course of delirium can be possibly predicted using the level of leukoaraiosis.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.253-260
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• 2018

Diffusion tensor images were obtained to investigate the damage of brain white matter in non-smokers and an adequate drinking group (less than 10 points) selected by scores of the Korean versions of alcohol use disorders identification test questionnaire. Factional anisotropy (FA) values, according to the variables of age and body mass index (BMI), were not statistically significant in all regions of the brain white matter after measurement of factional anisotropy (FA) values by the tract-based spatial statics (TBSS) method. In other words, age and body mass index (BMI) do not significantly affect the microstructural changes of the brain white matter.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.10
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• pp.1127-1135
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• 2009

Purpose : To observe the abnormal white matter findings on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of very-low- birth-weight (VLBW) infant brains at term-equivalent age and to determine the clinical risk factors for the development of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Methods : In all, MRI was performed in 98 VLBW infants and the white matter abnormalities were observed. Clinical risk factors for cystic and noncystic PVL were determined. Results : MRI scans of 74 infants (75.5%) showed diffuse excessive high signal intensity (DEHSI) in the periventricular white matter, 17 (17.3%) lateral ventricle dilation, 5 (5.1%) and 11 (11.2%) focal punctate lesions and cystic changes in the periventricular white matter, respectively, 9 (9.1%), germinal layer hemorrhage (GLH) or subependymal cysts 3 (3.1%) intraventricular hemorrhage (>grade 2) 2 (2.0%) posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and 2 (2.0%) periventricular hemorrhagic infarct. Gestational age (GA), 1-minute Apgar score, Clinical Risk Index for Babies-II (CRIB-II) score, and inotrope use, and GA, CRIB-II score, postnatal steroid administration, inotrope use, and abnormal white blood cell (WBC) count at admission were related to cystic PVL and noncystic PVL development, respectively (P<0.05). However, in logistic regression analysis, CRIB-II (odds ratio, 1.63, 295% confidence interval, 1.15-2.30 P=0.006) for cystic PVL, and GA (odds ratio 0.90, 95% confidence interval, 0.82-0.99 P=0.036) for noncystic PVL were only significant independently. Conclusion : White matter abnormalities could be observed on MRI scans of the VLBW infant brains at term-equivalent age, and CRIB-II and GA were only independently significant for cystic and noncystic PVL development, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2000.04b
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• pp.517-519
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• 2000

본 논문은 뇌의 수직단면에 대하여 촬영된 자기공명영상에서 뇌 영역을 분리한 후 백질과 회백질 및 뇌척수액을 분리하고 각각의 체적을 산출하기 위한 것이다. 본 연구는 먼저 뇌의 자기공명영상에서 영상의 배경 및 뇌 내부를 둘러싸고 있는 외피 및 지방층으로부터 뇌 영역 전체를 분리하였으며, 부분체적의 문제(partial volume artifact)에 의해 명암값의 번짐 현상을 보이는 뇌의내부 영역에서 각 성분의 부분체적을 산출하여 각 조직을 분리하기 위한 명암 값을 결정한 후 백질과 회백질 및 뇌척수액의 영역을 분리하였다. 본 연구는 뇌의 위축을 보이지 않은 정상인의 자기공명영상을 대상으로 하였으며, 향후, 이러한 연구 결과는 알쯔하이머 병이나 뇌성마비 등과 같은 퇴행성 뇌질환 환자의 뇌 위축정도를 객관적으로 진단하는 방법으로 사용될 수 있도록 하는데 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2018

The fractional anisotropy value of the brain white matter region was analyzed by Tract-Based Spatial Statics(TBSS) method after acquiring the diffusion tensor image to identify the presence or absence of brain white matter damage to smoking in male. As a result, smokers showed lower fractional anisotropy than non-smokers in all areas but fractional anisotropy values were not statistically significant. the fractional anisotropy value, on the other hand, was statistically significant only for the right choroid plexus. In other words smoking, although, does not significantly affect the micro structural changes of brain white matter, it affects the choroid plexus area.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.60-65
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image quality, contrast characteristics, and possible clinical utility of Medium Tau Inversion Recovery(MTIR) sequence with white matter suppression in patients with brain cortical lesion. Materials and methods : Two normal volunteers and twenty-one patients with cortical lesion were scanned with MTIR as well as other MR imaging sequences. Gray-white matter contrast was evaluated objectively using region-of-interest calculations, including percent contrast and contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR). MTIR sequence was visually compared with other sequences in 21 patients with cortical lesion including conspicuity and detection rate. Results : MTIR sequence had the highest present contrast and CNR between the gray matter and white matter. In twenty-one cases of cortical lesion including cortical dysplasia, MTIR sequence improved delineation and conspicuity of lesion, but MTIR sequence could not detect new lesions. Conclusion : The MTIR sequence well delineated the cortical lesions, particularly in including cortical dysplasia. It may be used as an adjunctive imaging sequence in case of poor gray and white matter differentiation with conventional T1-weighted sequences.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.815-826
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• 2000

This study is for the segmentation and volume calculation of the white matter and gray matter from brain MRI. In general, the volume of white and gray matter is reduced by contraction of each components in the case of mental retardation which are Alzheimer's disease and Down's syndrome. As results, it is useful for diagnostic and early detection for various mental retardation through the tracing of variation for its volume from the brain MRI. But, until now, it was very difficult to calculate the partial volume of each components existing in some thickness, because MR image was represented by single gray value after scanning by MR scanner. Accordingly, new segmentation algorithm proposed in this paper is to calculate the partial volume of the white and gray matter existing in some thickness through the analysis of the blurred gray value, and is to determine the threshold for segmentation of white and gray matter, and is to calculate the volume of each segmented component. And finally, proposed algorithm was applied the models which was created manually, and then acquired results was compared with that of original model.