• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.99-111
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• 2014

To verify welfare needs, rural health and environmental factors were compared between agricultural and nonagricultural groups over the past 10 years. Based on a survey of rural life by the Rural Development Administration, whose sample included agricultural (72.8%) and nonagricultural (27.2%) groups, all factors were analyzed using SAS ( 9.3). For rural home heating, the use of oil boilers (77.2%-78.0%) decreased (53.0%-53.7%) over the same period, whereas that of electric boilers increased (21.9% and 13.5% for agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively). The joint water- supply increased, and the use of flush toilets (52.4% to 84.5% in the agricultural group and 64.6% to 81.4% in the nonagricultural group) and hot-water bathing was higher in the agricultural group (79% to 92.6%) than in the nonagricultural group (72.2% to 87.6%) at the p<0.001 level. Incineration accounted for the largest portion of household waste until 2006, when it was replaced by other treatment methods such as the pay-per-treatment option (44.4% and 68.3% in the agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively) (p<0.001). Garbage disposal in 2001 was mainly burial or animal feed, but separate collection increased in 2010 (42.2% and 64.3% in the agricultural and nonagricultural groups, respectively) (p<0.001). The self-perception of health was lower in the agricultural group than in the nonagricultural group (2.96 to 2.74 on a five-point scale in the agricultural group and 3.07 to 2.98 in the nonagricultural group). Drinking decreased less in the agricultural group (criteria: one point once a week,; 1.48 to 1.20) than in the nonagricultural group (1.13 to 0.80) at p<0.001, and a similar pattern was found for smoking (p<0.001). Health screening decreased in the last 10 years (scoring based one point/1-2 times per year,: 0.94 to 0.64 in the agricultural group and 1.08 to 0.69 in the nonagricultural group;p<0.01). These results indicate that various health and environmental factors were less favorable to farmers except for bathing in comparison to nonagricultural living in the same area. This suggests that people in agriculture are less likely to live and work in favorable environments than those outside the sector and thus indicates a need for more attention to the national health welfare system for farmers for systematic realization.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.107-124
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• 2024

Based on Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, this study explores how to mitigate the disappearance of rual areas. The study surveyed 95 young farmers in Muan-gun to assess their farming practices and the challenges they face. We further employ factor analysis and cluster analysis classify young farmers in Muan-gun, facilitating the identification of tailored policies or initiatives aimed at fostering and supporting young farmers. The results are summarized as follows. First, Muan County does not have any ordinances or original projects specifically designed to support young farmers. Second, the succession rate of farmland among young farmers in Muan County is 41.1%, which is comparable to the national rate of 43.7%. This indicates that approximately 40% of young farmers in Korea have inherited farmland, a critical foundation for agricultural activities. Third, despite accumulating farming experience, young farmers have not seen any improvement in local living conditions, and rather their difficulties have intensified. Fourth, this study conducted a factor analysis using 21 variables, resulting in the selection of seven common factors for cluster analysis. Consequently, young farmers in Muan County were categorized into three groups. The multinomial logit analysis revealed that the typology of young farmers is influenced by indicators such as cultivated area, farming experience, demand for smart farms, farm income, and farming type (rice cultivation or other). Therefore, to attract young farmers and prevent the decline of rural areas, policy efforts should focus on minimizing entry barriers to farming infrastructure, such as access to farmland, and improving local settlement conditions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 1981

This report was the result of Food and Nutrition Intake Survey of 210 adults of 43 rural households in 7 villages located on Kyung Nam, Korea. It was intended to provide baseline information on the nutrintional status and inequality, the change of food consumption pattern of different rural socioeconomic classes. The survey results were as follows; 1. All the nutrient intakes(except Ca) were above RDA in landlord classes, but those were extremely poor in tenancy and rural laborer classes. Ca was the most deficient nutrient in all classes. 'Vitamin A' was deficient in most of the classes. 2. In per capita food consumption expenditure, the highest was in landlord class, next capitalist farmer and middle class farmer, the lowest were rural laborer and tenancy. There were highest consumption of vegetables and fish in landlord class, and milks and oils in capitalist farmer. The consumption of rice fruits, meats, eggs, and seasoning were relatively proportionated to the income. 3. In the change of food consumption, the most increased items were beverages and meats in capitalist farmer, fish and fruits in landlord, rice in the other classes. 4. In the correlation with food consumption, education level showed the highest correlation with meats, oils, and in contrast, land sire showed the highest correlation with cereals. Engel's coefficient was positively correlated to cereals, but negatively correlated to fish and meats.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.452-452
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• 2022

수문순환의 측면에서 지하수는 지속적인 하천의 흐름을 유지하고, 국내 물 이용의 측면에서 가용수량을 만족할 수 있는 취수량을 확보하기가 어려운 중·소규모 하천 유역에서 필요한 농업 및 생활용수 등 각종 용수를 확보할 수 있는 중요한 수원으로써의 역할을 하고 있다. 기존의 수자원 정책은 하천에서의 취수량 확보를 위한 수공 구조물의 설치 및 운영을 통한 용수 확보의 형태로 입안되었으나, 최근 2012~2018 한반도 가뭄 사태로 대표되는 강수 패턴의 변화로 인하여 하천에서의 취수량 부족 사태에 대응하기 위하여 지표수-지하수 연계를 고려한 수원 확보에 대한 정책적·공학적 관심과 요구가 증가하고 있다. 지하수의 효율적 운영과 안정적 관리를 위해서 지하수 이용에 대한 관리도 중요하나, 강수 사상의 발생 시 지하수 함양량을 정량적으로 평가하는 것 또한 매우 중요하다. 지하수 함양량은 강수량이나 하천유량 및 수위 등과 같이 정확한 양을 관측하기 어렵기 때문에 지하수 함양량을 산정하는 방법은 매우 다양하게 제시되어 있다. 본 연구에서는 지하수 함양량 산정 방법 중 비교적 간단한 방식의 지하수위 변동법(Water Table Fluctuation Method, WTF Method)를 이용하여 전국 행정구역 별 지하수 함양량을 분석하였다. 지하수위 변동법의 경우 신뢰도 있는 지하수위 관측 자료의 확보가 매우 중요한 단계이기 때문에 국가지하수관측망 및 농촌지하수 관측망, 해수침투관측망 등 공공기관에서 제공하고 있는 지하수위 관측 자료를 수집하여 적용하였다. 수집된 자료를 바탕으로 지하수 함양량을 산정하고, 최근 국내의 강수패턴의 변화와의 비교 분석을 통해 강수와 지하수 함양 간의 관계를 정량적으로 제시하였다. 본 연구의 연구 결과는 안정적인 지하수 개발 및 관리를 위한 기초적인 정책적 판단 근거로써 제시될 수 있고, 추후 연구에서 지하수위 회복 및 지하수자원 관리 방안 적용에 따른 효과 분석 연구에 활용 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Existing agricultural reservoirs are considered as alternative source for the water welfare of rural area. In this study, domestic water supply potential of 476 reservoirs, which has storage capacity more than one million cubic meter, out of 3,377 agricultural reservoirs managed by Korean Rural Community Corporation (KRC) were investigated. Among them water quality of 136 reservoirs met the criteria of domestic water source which show less than COD 3 ppm. Available amount for domestic water of reservoirs, which meet the water quality, for ten year return period of drought was analyzed with reservoir water balance model. The results showed that 116 reservoirs has potential for supplementary domestic water supply while satisfying irrigation water supply. Finally, economic analysis using Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost (B/C) ratio, Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Profitability Index (PI) methods was also conducted. The analysis showed that 19 reservoirs satisfied economic feasibility when water is provided from reservoir outlet but only 9 reservoirs meet the economic feasibility if water delivered from a reservoir to treatment plant by newly built conveyance canal. In order to supply the domestic water through the agricultural reservoirs managed by KRC, it is necessary to flexibly interpret and operate the 'Rearrangement of Agricultural and Fishing village Act'. Also, it is reasonable to participate in the water service business when there is a supply request from other Ministries. In addition, the KRC requires further effort to change the crop system for saving water and improve efficiency of irrigation systems.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 1986

이 연구는 우리나라에 있어서의 도시로의 인구이동과 도시매력도와의 관계를 <인지-행태>론적인 관점에서 설명하려데 그 목적이 있다. Julian Wolpert (1965)의 "장소효용접근방법"으로 체계화된 이 이론의 요지는 사람들이 이주대상지를 결정함에 있어서 그 대상지의 객과적인 매력도 보다는 자신들이 갖고 있는 정보를 토대로 주관적으로 판단한 이른바 "인지된 매력도"에 좌우된다는 점이다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라의 자료를 토대로 Wolpert의 가설을 검증하여 보았다. 인구이동의 관점에서 본 도시매력도의 구성요소를 (1) 소득수준, (2) 취업기회, (3) 교육기회, (4) 주거사정, (5) 도시시설의 질, (6) 이주시 도움을 받을 수 있는 친지의 유무, (7) 사회적 성장기회 등 7개 항목으로 분류하여 우리나라의 도시들을 객관적인 매력도와 주관적인 매력도로 계량화하였다. 객관적인 매력도는 기존의 통계자료를 지표화하여 측정하였고, 주관적인 매력도는 충청북도 주민들을 대상으로 1983년 현재 인구 10만 이상의 36개 도시에 대한 매력도 순위 설문조사를 통해 계량화하였다. 이들 매력도를 독립변수로 하고 충북으로부터 각 도시로 전출된 인구를 종속변수로 하여 통계적 분석을 한 결과 객관적인 매력도는 인구이동 현상을 55-58% 설명하였으나, 주관적인 매력도는 약 95%정도 설명하는 것으로 나타나 인구이동 의사결정이 주민들에게 인지된 주관적 매력도에 크게 의존하고 있음이 판명되었다. 따라서 학교교육이나 대중매체를 이용한 장기적인 <인포메이션 프로그램>을 개발하여 농촌생활이나 중소도시에서의 생활의 장점을 널리 계몽하여 도시의 주관적 매력도와 객관적 매력도간의 간격을 좁혀주는 정책도 매우 유용한 대도시 인구분석정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.정책대안의 하나가 될수 있을 것이다.다. 고로 본고에서는 주사제의 처방설계및 제조(방법, 공정)에 관하여 개괄적으로 논하고자 한다.약화되어 저적면적빈도분포가 정상분포 단계에 도달되기 전에 바로 platykurtic분포로 되는 것이 아니고 leptokurtic 분포적 단계를 거친다고 본다때 시간의 경과를 따라 생성되어지는 Cyclodextrin의 함량의 변화를 추적하여 4시간전후에서 최고량이 되는 것을 볼 수 있으며 동시에 포위화합물을 형성시킬수 있을때는 그 생성률이 큰 영향을 이르킬수 있는 것을 지적할 수 있다.한 특성을 보여 식품제조, 식육연화 등 식품산업 분야에서의 활용가능성이 높을 것으로 보이며, 나아가 단백질이 갖는 식품학적 기능성을 높이는 데에도 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.를 한 후 저온 냉장차를 이용하여 유통한다면 관행 유통 구조보다 고품질의 포도를 유통시킬 수 있는 것으로 사료되며 앞으로는 완숙된 고 당도(12.0~15.0Bx)$^{\circ}$ 포도를 수확 한 즉시 예냉 처리하고 저온 유통한다면 보다 신선한 과일을 소비자에게 전달 할 수 있을 것이다.갈변물질이 생성되었다. 이와 같은 결과로 볼 때, BAAG의 처리는 BAAC의 경우보다 가격은 저렴하면서도 항균력은 우수한 천연 항균복합제재로써 농산물 식품원료에 적용하여 선도유지 기간을 연장할 수 있는 효과를 기대할 수 있었다. 과일 등의 포장제로서 이용할 가능성을 확인하였다.로 [-wh] 겹의문사는 복수 의미를 지닐 수 없 다. 그러면 단수 의미는 어떻게 생성되는가\ulcorner 본 논문에서는 표면적 형태에도 불구하고 [-wh]의미의 겹의문사는 병렬적 관계의 합성어가 아니라 내부구조를 지니지 않은 단순한 단어(minimal $X^{0}$ elements)로 가정한다. 즉, [+wh] 의미의 겹의문사는

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.119-131
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the diabetic management indicators between agriculture, forestry, and fishery workers (AFF) and other occupational adults (non-AFF) in community-dwelling diabetes. Methods: The study population consisted of 22,127 diabetic population ${\geq}19years$ who participated in the 2015 Community Health Survey. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis was used to compare the diabetic management indicators between AFF and non-AFF. Socioeconomic characteristics such as age, gender, education level, monthly household income, National Basic Livelihood Security status, and marital status was sequentially adjusted. Results: Among total diabetic population, 3,712 people (16.8%) was AFF and 18,415 people (83.2%) was non-AFF. The fully-adjusted odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) of current non-medical treatment (0.72, 0.66-0.79), measurement of hemoglobin A1c (0.61, 0.55-0.67), screening for diabetic retinopathy (0.76, 0.70-0.83), screening for diabetic nephropathy (0.75, 0.70-0.81), non-alcoholic or moderate drinking (0.70, 0.64-0.78), nutrition label reading (0.83, 0.71-0.98), low salt preference (0.85, 0.78-0.93), dental examination (0.60, 0.54-0.66), scaling experience (0.84, 0.77-0.93), regular toothbrushing (0.66, 0.58-0.76), and diabetes management education (0.84, 0.77-0.92) was significantly lower in AFF compared to non-AFF. In contrast, the fully-adjusted OR (95% CI) of AFF's low stress level (1.39, 1.26-1.52) and adequate sleep duration (1.22, 1.13-1.32) was significantly higher than non-AFF, which are better indicators of diabetic management in AFF. Conclusions: Overall, the level of diabetes management of AFF was not as good as that of non-AFF. In order to improve the level of diabetes management of AFF, a delicate diabetes intervention strategy considering the occupational characteristics of AFF will be needed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.85-100
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• 2008

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) funded collaborative project on The Economic Feasibility Analysis of Crop Cultivation Practice Project in Pirganj and Kurigram Districts in Bangladesh will started during 2008-2012, for 4 years with total project cost of US$ 571,270. The project will be implemented in 6 villages; has 1,097 hectares areas which is divided into 948 hectares of agricultural land, 52 hectares of forest land and 345 hectares of other land, covered 1,059 households equal to 5,305 persons in Pirganj and Kurigram districts The project has proposed to be implemented in joint collaboration by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) and Rangpur Dinajpur Rural Service (RDRS) Bangladesh with full participation of the farmers' groups of respective project site. The specific objectives of the project are: (1) to estimate the productivity of paddy, wheat, maize, tobacco and sugarcane (2) to determine the cost of production and returns to the above mentioned crops (3) to study the interrelationship between inputs and output of the above mentioned crops and (4) to examine the resource utilization patterns at farm level. In this project analysis, the net incremental profit is US$33,028. The expected incremental project benefit and incremented production cost are estimated as US$ 219,959 and US$ 186,931 respectively. The financial decision making criteria would be followed in this crop cultivation practice project. After the project implementation, the expected project benefits are assumed to be continued for 15 years. The benefit cost ratio (B/C) of the project is estimated at 1.077 (table 11) when using discount rate of 10% as an opportunity cost of capital in Bangladesh. FIRR of project is estimated at 26.15% which is bigger than the opportunity cost by more than double. So this project is financially feasible and acceptable. Therefore, this project should be extended to other areas to increase the farm income and economic growth of marginal poor farmers in Bangladesh.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.533-545
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• 2015

Spatial and seasonal variations in hydrogeochemical characteristics and the factors affecting the deterioration in quality of shallow portable groundwater in an agricultural area are examined. The aquifer consists of (from the surface to depth) agricultural soil, weathered soil, weathered rock, and bedrock. The geochemical signatures of the shallow groundwater are mostly affected by the NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ contaminants that show a gradual downward increase in concentration from the upper area, due to the irregular distribution of contamination sources. The concentrations of the major cations do not varied with the elapsed time and the NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ ions, when compared with concentrations in background groundwater, increase gradually with the distance from the upper area. This result suggests that the water quality in shallow groundwater deteriorates due to contaminant sources at the surface. The contaminations of the major contaminants in groundwater show a positive linear relationship with electrical conductivity, indicating the deterioration in water quality is related to the effects of the contaminants. The relationships between contaminant concentrations, as inferred from the ternary plots, show the contaminant concentrations in organic fertilizer are positively related to concentrations of NO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and SO₄²⁻ ions in the shallow portable groundwaters, which means the fertilizer is the main contaminant source. The results also show that the deterioration in shallow groundwater quality is caused mainly by NO₃⁻ and Cl⁻ derived from organic fertilizer with additional SO₄²⁻ contaminant from livestock wastes. Even though the concentrations of the contaminants within the shallow groundwaters and the contaminant sources are largely variable, it is useful to consider the ratio of contaminant concentrations and the relationship between contaminants in groundwater samples and in the contaminant source when analyzing deterioration in water quality.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.467-476
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• 2013

With increasing interest in environmental issues and the quality of surface water becoming inadequate for water supply, the Korean government has launched a groundwater development policy to satisfy the demand for clean water. To drive this policy effectively, it is essential to guarantee the accuracy of sustainable groundwater yield and groundwater use amount. In this study, groundwater use was monitored over several years at various locations in Korea (32 cities/counties in 5 provinces) to obtain accurate groundwater use data. Statistical analysis of the results was performed as a method for estimating rational groundwater use. For the case of groundwater use for living purposes, we classified the cities/counties into three regional types (urban, rural, and urban-rural complex) and divided the groundwater facilities into five types (domestic use, apartment housing, small-scale water supply, schools, and businesses) according to use. For the case of agricultural use, we defined three regional types based on rainfall intensity (average rainfall, below-average rainfall, and above-average rainfall) and the facilities into six types (rice farming, dry-field farming, floriculture, livestock-cows, livestock-pigs, and livestock-chickens). Finally, we developed groundwater-use estimation equations for each region and use type, using cluster analysis and regression model analysis of the monitoring data. The results will enhance the reliability of national groundwater statistics.